考博词汇5练习Word文档格式.docx
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考博词汇5练习Word文档格式.docx
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类比联想:
result-effect-impact;
becauseof,onaccountof,dueto;
对比联想:
stupid-clever-smart;
advance-backward等.。
d.分类记忆单词:
根据单词的词性、词义、读音等方式将单词分类。
如按意义分类:
vehicle,truck,jeep,taxi等。
按单词词性分类:
reduce,decline,decrease,fall,drop等。
e.掌握构词法:
如,前缀、后缀、词根。
前缀:
anti-
反、抗
anti-war
Auto-
自
Automobile
bi-
双
Bicycle
Bio-
生命,生物
Biology
co-,col-,com-,
con-,cor
共同
cooperatecoordinatecolleague
De-
除去,否定;
离开
decreasedelete
di-,dif-,dis-
无,不,相反
disappeardischargediscountdiscouragediscover
En-,em-
使成为
enableencourageenforceenlargeentitle
Ex-
前;
向外
exchangeexclaimexcludeexpressexport
extra-
外
extraordinary
il-,im-,in-,ir-
不,非
illegalimpossibleincorrect
Im-,in-
进入
importinvade
inter-
间,相互
Interactinterview
kilo-
千
kilogramkilometer
mid-
中
middaymidnight
Mini-
小
minimum
mis-
误
misunderstandmislead
mono-
单一
monologue
multi-
多
multiplemultiply
non-
非,不
nonsense
over-
过度,太;
overflowovercoat
post-
后于
postgraduate
Pre-
先于
prescribeprescription
re-
再
reactreactionrecallrecoverrecyclereformrefreshrepayrenewreplacereserverestoreretreat
sub-
下,次
subsequentsubstitutesubway
super-
上,超
supermarket
tele-
远
telegramtelephonetelescopetelevision
trans-
横贯,转移
transformtransporttransportationtransmit
tri-
三
triangle
Un-
不,无
unforgettableunfairuneasyunfortunatelyunfortunateunlikeunusual
under-
在…下,次
undergroundundergraduate
vice-
副
vice-president
名词后缀:
-an
-ian
人
ArabianAsianAustralianCanadianChristian
ItalianmusicianlibrarianphysicianpoliticianRussiantechnician
-ee
人(被动)
employeerefugee
-er
-or
daughterownerlawyertrainerbarberbutchersingercarrieractorancestorbachelorconductordirectorsenatoroperatorsponsorwriter
-ant
-ent
assistantcorrespondentimmigrant
-ist
人,主义者
activistartistnovelistnationalistphysicistpsychologisttourist
-ance
-ence
性质,状态
acceptanceacquaintanceallowanceappearanceapplianceconscienceresistanceinsurancenuisance
-age
状态,集合
表示行为、状态
voyageadvantagebaggagecouragegarbageshortageluggage
-al
构成抽象名词,
approvalarrivalintervalremoval
-cion
-sion–tion
动作,状态
comprehensiondepressiondesperationinventioninvasionmodernizationpermissionpossessionsuspiciontensiontransmissionindustrialization
-hood
身份,性质,时代
childhoodneighborhood
-ing
行动,行业,…的
beingbeginningendingspelling
-ity
抽象名词
curiositypersonalityreality
-ment
运动
agreementappointmentargumentarrangementmonumentmovementparliamentpaymentreplacementrequirementsettlementtreatment
-ness
goodnessillness
-ology
学科
psychologytechnology
-ship
状态,性质
friendshiphardshipleadershipmembershipownershiprelationshipscholarship
-th
结果,过程
truthwarmthwidth
-ty
libertyspecialty
动词后缀:
-en
做,使,成为…,使变成…
fastenhardenlengthenloosenthreatenwidenweakenstrengthen
-ify
…化,使成为…,变成…
clarifyidentifyjustifyqualifyspecify
-ize
…化,照…样子做
characterizespecializeindustrializecivilizerealize
形容词后缀:
-able,-ible,-ble
能够…,值得…
acceptableavailablecomparablefavorablehonorableliablenoticeablereliableresponsibleunbelievable
…的,行为,人,物
annualcasualclassicalcontinualconventionalcriticalexperimentalidenticaloptional
-ed
…的
accustomedadvancedashamedbelovedcomplicatedcrowdedlearnedlimitednakedsituated
做,使,…的,人
goldenhardenhastenloosenweakenwoodenwoolen
-ful
doubtfulcolorfulfaithfulfearfulfruitfulgratefulhopefulpeacefulplentifulthoughtful
-ic,ical
…的,人,…学
academicartisticeconomicelectronicheroicoptimisticorganicsystematicpracticalstatistical
-ish
…的,有…性质的
selfishBritish
-ive
…的,人,物
activecomparativecollectivecreativerelativeprotective
-less
无…的,不…的
carelessendlesshelplesshopelessrestlessworthless
-like
如…的
childlike
-ly
…的,…地
deadlyelderlymonthlyweeklyyearly
-ous,-ious
ambitiousanxiouscautiouscuriousdangerousdeliciousfamousgloriousreligioussuspicious
-y
rainynoisydirtygreedysunnywealthyslippery
副词后缀:
basicallydefinitelydirectlyespeciallyeventuallyevidentlyextremelyfairlyfinallyfortunatelygenerallyhardlyhighlyincreasinglylargelymainlymerelymostlynamelynaturallynearlynecessarilynormallyobviouslyparticularlypartlypossiblypracticallypresentlyprobablyrarelyreadilyreallyrepeatedlyrespectivelyscarcelyshortlysimplyspecificallytrulyusuallyvirtuallywholly
-ward(s)
forwardbackwardsinwardoutward
-wise
otherwise
常见词根:
词根
意思
举例
Ag
做,动作
agentagendaagency
audi,audit
听
audienceaudio
ced,cess,ceed
走
proceedexceedprocesssuccessionsucceedsuccessive
centr
中心
centercentral
Dic,dict
说
dictatedictationdictionarycontradictionpredict
duct
引导
conducteducateintroduceproducereduce
Facfact
做
factfactorfactorymanufacturemanufacturer
Fer
拿
conferencedifferdifferentdifferenceofferpreferrefersuffertransfer
Fin
末尾,界限
finalfinishfine
gengener
出生,种类
geniusgenerategeneral
grad
步
gradegradualgraduateundergraduate
graph
写
geographyphotograph
ject
投掷
injectinjectionrejectprojectsubject
lect
选
collectelectneglectselect
pos,posit
放
composedepositexposeopposeproposesuppose
sist
站立
assistconsistexistinsistresistpersist
spect
看
expectinspectrespectprospect
St,stat
statestationstaydistanceconstantobstaclerest
Tain
握,持
containobtainretain
Venvent
来
eventinventprevent
Vis
adviseevidentproviderevisesupervisevisionvisiblevisit
IV.四种命题方式:
1.近形词题目:
考单词辨认、近形词辨认的能力。
Theproblemiscaused_____byalackofmoney.
A.prominentlyB.profoundlyC.primarilyD.proportionally
Thenewdirectorofthetelevisionstationwantsto_____itsprogram.
A.divideB.decideC.diversifyD.divert
2.近义词题:
词义相近、用法不同。
Generally____,thatcityislesscrowdedthantheothersinthesamestate.
A.talkingB.speakingC.sayingD.telling
Inthebigflood,only20%ofthepeopleinthatvillage______.
A.remainedB.stayedC.livedD.survived
3.语境词汇题:
根据单词所处的具体语言环境,确定正确选项。
In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspanupwardsandfellbacktoearthas_____ceased.
A.rotationB.suspensionC.emissionD.motivation
Asagoodphotographer,youmustdevelopanawarenessoftheworldaroundyouandthepeoplewho____it.
A.innovateB.inhabitC.integrateD.inherit
4.固定搭配:
动词与介词或副词的搭配,形容词与名词的搭配等。
Notallpersonsarrestedand____withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.
A.sentencedB.accusedCpersecutedDcharged
Ifyouareamemberofaclub,youmust_____totherulesofthatclub.
A.conformB.appealC.referD.access
V.词汇部分的主要词类及要点
在词汇考试中,考生应该重视主要词性及其要点,如名词、动词、形容词和副词。
名词:
名词是词汇考试的一个重要组成部分;
考生应注意名词在不同的语境中所体现的不同含义和用法,同时需通过练习熟悉这批名词,以及了解名词的外延和内涵和一定量的同义词。
1、除了英语本族语及少量外来语等拼写简单的名词外,名词多数是由希腊及拉丁词根加上前缀、后缀构成。
大量的名词后缀是表示性质、状态和行为的。
参见III.e.掌握构词法之名词后缀及成绩词根。
2)名词的复数
(1)以-f结尾的名词,构成复数时只加-s,如:
cliffs(悬崖)gulfs(海湾)proofs(证据)safes(保险箱)
有些-f结尾的名词可有两种复数形式。
dwarf—dwarfs—dwarves(侏儒)
hoof—hoofs—hooves(蹄)
(2)源自拉丁语、希腊语及法语的一部分外来词的复数形式仍然保留不变。
1)来自拉丁语的:
stratum/starta(地层)larva/larvae(昆虫的幼虫)
stimulus/stimuli(刺激)bacterium/bacteria(细菌)
2)来自希腊语的:
analysis/analyses(分析)hypothesis/hypotheses(假设)
synopsis/synopses(概要,大意)thesis/theses(论文,论题)
criterion/criteria(标准)phenomenon/phenomena(现象)
(3)一些外来词兼有原有复数形式和英语规则复数形式。
外来词原有复数形式英语规则复数形式
syllabus(拉)syllabisyllabuses(大纲,课程表)
medium(拉)mediamediums(媒体)
symposium(拉)symposiasymposiums(研讨会)
(4)复合名词的复数形式
1)daughter-in-law/daughters-in-law(儿媳)
2)looker-on/lookers-on(旁观者)
3)stand-by/stand-bys(可依靠的人或物)
(5)一些名词的单复数意义不同。
anxiety(焦虑)/anxieties(令人忧虑之事)
security(安全)/securities(证券,债券)
kindness(善意)/kindnesses(善行)
(6)有些名词的复数形式兼有单数形式的意义和新的意义。
letter字母;
信letters字母;
信/文学,学问
manner方式,方法manners方式,方法/礼貌
pain痛pains痛/努力
colour颜色colours颜色/军旗
b.表示抽象名词:
练习:
1.WithmoreterroristattacksandawaragainstIraqonthehorizon,thetop_____forNATOisn’tenlargement,buttransformation:
inthepost-Sept.11world,whatexactlyisNATOfor?
A.secretB.priorityC.minorityD.majority
2.Thesteelunion,in_______withtherailwayworkers,isplanningamajorstrike.
A.groupB.officerC.companyD.alliance
3.TheGermanshaveagreedtotakethe_______inputtingtogetheraconsortiumofEuropeancountriestoleaselargetransportplanesbeforeEurope’sownAirbusA400Mcanbedeployedaround2009.
A.leadB.leaderC.leadershipD.led
4.TherearefarmorehospitableplacesthantheRedCross________centerinSangatte,innorthernFrance,astinkinghangarcrammedwithover1,600asylumseekersandsurroundedbypoliceandahighwir
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