步进电机 英文翻译Word下载.docx
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步进电机 英文翻译Word下载.docx
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Steppermotor
Steppermotoristheelectricalpulsesignalintoangulardisplacementorlineardisplacementofanopenloopsteppermotorcontrolelementpieces.Inthecaseofnon-overloading,motorspeed,stoppedpositiondependsonlyonthenumberofpulsefrequencyandpulsesignals,whicharenotaffectedbychangesinload,whenstepperdrivereceivesapulsesignal,itwilldriveasteppermotortherotationaldirectionissettoafixedangle,referredtoas"
stepangle"
whichisfixedtotherotationalangleofthestepbystepoperation.Thenumberofpulsescanbecontrolledbycontrollingtheamountofangulardisplacement,soastoachieveaccuratepositioning;
whilethepulsefrequencycanbecontrolledbycontrollingthemotorrotationspeedandaccelerationtoachievespeedcontrolpurposes.
1.basicintroduction
Steppermotorisaninductionmotor,itworksbyusinganelectroniccircuit.
TheDCpowerintopower-sharing,multi-phasetimingcontrolcurrent,thiscurrentispoweredsteppermotor,steppermotortoworkproperly,thesteppermotordriveispowered-sharing,multi-phasetimingcontroller.
Althoughthesteppermotorhasbeenwidelyused,butthesteppermotordoesnotlikeanordinaryDCmotors,ACmotorsforuseinroutineunder.Itmustbebyatwo-ringpulsesignal,powerdrivercircuitcomposedofthecontrolsystemcanbeused.Somakegooduseofasteppermotor,butnoteasy,itinvolvesalotofexpertiseinmechanical,
electrical,electronicsandcomputers.
Steppermotorsasactuators,isoneofthekeyproductsofmechatronics,widelyusedinavarietyofautomatedcontrolsystems.Withthedevelopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,thegrowingdemandforsteppermotor,hasapplicationsinvariousfieldsofnationaleconomy.
Steppermotorisanelectricalpulseintotheangulardisplacementoftheactuator.Plainlyspeaking:
Whenthestepperdrivereceivesapulsesignal,itwilldriveasteppermotortosetthedirectionofrotationofafixedangle(ie,stepangle.Thenumberofpulsescanbecontrolledbycontrollingtheamountofangulardisplacement,soastoachieveaccuratepositioning;
2.majorcategories
Therearethreemaintypesofsteppermotorsinthestructure:
Reaction(VariableReluctance,VR,permanentmagnet(PermanentMagnet,PMandhybrid(HybridStepping,HS.
Reaction:
thestatorwindings,therotorsoftmagneticmaterial.Simplestructure,lowcost,smallstepangleupto1.2°
butpoordynamicperformance,lowefficiency,heatalarge,difficulttoguaranteereliability.
Permanentmagnet:
permanentmagnetsteppermotorswithpermanentmagnetrotormaterial,thenumberofpolesoftherotorandthestatorofthesamenumberofpoles.Whichischaracterizedbygooddynamic
performance,outputtorque,thismotorbutpooraccuracy,alargestepangle(typically7.5°
or15°
.
Hybrid:
acombinationofhybridsteppingmotorsandpermanentmagnetreactiveadvantageofitsmulti-phasewindingsonthestator,therotorpermanentmagnetmaterial,therotorandthestatorteethareanumberofsmallstepstoimprovetheaccuracyofthemoment.Itfeaturesanoutputtorque,gooddynamicperformance,stepangleissmall,butthestructureiscomplex,thecostisrelativelyhigh.
Pressthestatorwindingstopoints,atotaloftwo-phase,three-phaseandfiveequalseries.Mostpopularisthetwo-phasehybridsteppingmotor,accountingformorethan97%marketshare,thereasonisthehighcost,coupledwithgoodresultsafterthebreakdownofthedrive.Thiskindofbasicstepangleofthemotor1.8°
/step,halfstepbackcoupledwiththedrivetoreducethestepangleof0.9°
coupledwithsub-driveafteritsstepanglecanbebrokenupto256-fold(0.007°
/microstep.Duetofrictionandmanufacturingprecisionandotherreasons,theactualcontrolaccuracyisslightlylower.Samesteppermotorscanbeequippedwithdifferentsegmentsofthedrivetochangetheprecisionandeffectiveness.
3.selectionmethod
Steppermotoranddriveselectionmethods:
Determinehowmuchtorqueisrequired:
statictorquesteppermotoristochooseoneofthemainparameters.Loadislarge,requirestheuseofhightorquemotor.Indicatorsbigmoment,themotorappearanceisalsolarge.
Determinemotorspeed:
highspeedrequirements,shouldbeselectedphasecurrentislarger,smallerinductormotorstoincreasepowerinput.Andselectthedrivewhenusinghighersupplyvoltages.
Selectmotorinstallationspecifications:
as57,86,110,themainrequirementsforthemoment.
Determinetheprecisionpositioningrequirementsandvibrationaspectsofthecase:
todeterminewhethertherequiredsegments,thenumberofsegmentsrequired.
Accordingtothemotorcurrent,supplyvoltagebreakdownandselectthedrive.
4.BasicPrinciples
Works
Therotorisapermanentmagnetmotortypically,whenacurrentflowsthroughthestatorwindings,thestatorwindinggeneratesamagneticfieldvector.Therotatingmagneticfieldtodrivetherotoratananglesuchthatthemagneticfieldofthestatorisconsistentwithadirectionofthemagneticfieldoftherotor.Whenthestatormagneticfieldvectorrotationangle.Astherotorsturnafieldangle.Eachinputanelectricalpulse,themotorrotationangleforward.Thenumberofpulsesproportionaltotheangulardisplacementoftheoutputanditsinput,thepulsefrequencyisproportionaltotherotationalspeed.Changetheorderofthewindingisenergized,themotorwillreverse.Therefore,thenumberofpulsescanbeusedtocontrolpower-onsequence,frequencyandmotorwindingstocontroleachphasesteppermotorrotation.
Feverprinciple
Usuallyseeallkindsofmotors,areallinsidethecoreandwindings.Windingsresistance,powerwillproduceloss,thelossisproportionaltothesquareofthesizeoftheresistanceandcurrent,andthisiswhatweoftensaythatthecopperlosses,ifthecurrentisnotastandardDCorsinewave,butalsoproduceharmoniclosses;
corehashysteresiseddycurrenteffect,inthealternatingmagneticfieldwillproducelosses,itssizeandmaterials,current,frequency,voltagedependent,calledironloss.Copperandironlossesaremanifestedintheformofheat,thusaffectingtheefficiencyofthemotor.Steppermotorsaregenerallypursuepositioningaccuracyandtorqueoutput,efficiencyisrelativelylow,thecurrentisgenerallyrelativelylarge,andthehighharmoniccomponents,thefrequencyofthealternatingcurrentwiththespeedofchange,thussteppingmotorwidespreadfevercasesandsituationsthanthegeneralsevereACmotor.
5.majortectonic
Steppingmotorisalsocalledastepper,whichusestheprincipleofelectromagnetic,mechanicalenergyisconvertedtoelectricalenergy,Peopleasearlyasthe1920sbegantousethismotor.Asembeddedsystems(suchasprinters,diskdrives,toys,wipers,pagervibration,mechanicalarmandvideorecorders,etc.oftheincreasinglypopularuseofthesteppermotoralsobegansurge.Whetherinindustrial,military,medical,automotiveorentertainmentindustry,aslongasapieceoftheobjectneedstobemovedfromonelocationtoanother,thesteppermotorwillcertainlycomeinhandy.Steppermotorshavemanyshapesandsizes,butregardlessofhowtheshapeandsize,theycanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:
avariablereluctancesteppermotorsandpermanentmagnet
steppermotors.
Asteppermotoriswoundonthemotorfixingpart-thestatorcoilsdrivenalveolar.Typically,aring-shapedmetalwirecalledasolenoidwinding,andinthemotor,theteetharoundthewindingwireiscalledthecoilorphase.
6.indexterms
Staticindexterms
1,numberofphases:
producedifferentonpoleN,Smagneticexcitationcoilpairs.Commonmsaid.
2,Beats:
cyclicalchangesinthemagneticfieldrequiredtocompleteanumberofpulsesorconductivestatewithn,orrefertothemotorturnedapitchanglerequirednumberofpulsestofour-phasemotor,forexample,therearefourwayswithfour-runshotthatAB-BC-CD-DA-AB,four-phaseeight-shotoperationThatwayA-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A.3,stepangle:
correspondstoapulsesignal,theangulardisplacementoftherotorturnisrepresentedbyθ.θ=360degrees/(numberofrotorteeth*runshottotheconventionaltwo,four-phase,therotorteeth50teethmotor,forexample.Fourbeatsrunningstepangleisθ=360degrees/(50*4=1.8degrees(commonlyknownasthefullstep,eight-shotoperationstepangleofθ=360degrees/(50*8=0.9degrees(commonlyknownashalf-step.
4,thedetenttorque:
motorisnotenergizedinthestateitselflockedrotortorque(harmonicsandmechanicalerrorbythemagneticfieldcausedbythetooth.
5,statictorque:
motoratratedstaticelectricityeffect,themotordoes
notrotateswhenthemotorshaftlockingtorque.Thismomentisameasureofthevolumeofthestandardmotor,regardlessofthedrivingvoltageanddrivingpowersupply.Althoughstatictorqueisproportionaltotheelectromagneticexcitationampere-turns,andsettheairgapbetweentherotorteethrelated,butovertheuseoftheairgapdecreases,increasingtheexcitationampere-turnstoincreasethestatictorqueisnotdesirable,thiswillcausemotorheatingandmechanicalnoise.
DynamicIndicatorsterm
1,stepangleaccuracy:
steppermotorturnedeveryerrorbetweentheactualvalueandthetheoreticalvalueofastepangle.Expressedasapercentage:
error/stepangle*
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