Inside a WANO peer reviewWord格式文档下载.docx
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Inside a WANO peer reviewWord格式文档下载.docx
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TheWorldAssociationofNuclearOperatorsunitesalltheworld'
sutilitiesthatoperatenuclearpowerplants.Therearefourregionalcenters-inAtlanta,Paris,Moscow,andTokyo-centralofficesinLondon,andpre-startupreviewofficesinHongKong.WANOwasfoundedin1989inMoscowaftertheChernobylaccidentbynuclearoperatorstryingtodoeverythingpossibletopreventanotheraccident,believingthatoperatorsofnuclearstationsshareacollectiveresponsibilitytodoso.TheWANOmissionistomaximallyincreasereliabilityandsafetyworldwidethroughcommoneffortsinassessment,benchmarking,mutualsupport,exchangeofinformationanduseofbestpractice.
Experienceshowsthatmanyproblemscouldbepreventediftherightlessonswerelearnedfrompreviousevents.ThemainprinciplesofWANOarethatitisbettertolearnfromtheerrorsofothersthanfromyourown,andthatitisbettertobenefitfromthegoodideasofothersratherthanspendingthetimeandmoneytodevelopthesameideasyourself.Sooperatorsofnuclearstationsgainaccesstoworldoperationalexperienceforgeneralideasandspecificexamplesofgoodworkpractices.
ThesuccessofWANOdependsoncooperationandtrustbetweenallmembersoftheassociation.Thisspirit,overcomingnationalborders,politicalbarriersandcommercialinterest,makesnuclearenergyuniqueamongworldindustries.WANOisnotdirectlylinkedtogovernments,itisnotacommercialorfinancialorganizationoraregulatoryagency.WANOdoesnotconsultondesignquestionsanddoesnotbelongtolobbycircles.Inbrief,WANOhasnootherintereststhanincreasingnuclearsafety.
WANOmemberstakepartindifferentprogramsandactivities.Theoperationalexperienceprograminformsmembersabouteventsthattookplaceatotherstationssomemberscantakemeasurestopreventtheoccurrenceofsimilareventsattheirown.
Theprofessionalandtechnicaldevelopmentprogramexchangesideasaboutincreasingreliabilityandsafety.Itsaimistohelpstationpersonnelexpandtheirprofessionalknowledgeandskillsandtoexchangethemostmoderninformation.Thisexchangetakesplaceatworkshops,expertmeetingsandcourses.TechnicalsupportmissionshelpWANOmembersfindsolutionstoexistingproblemsandimproveprocessesthatarealreadyverifiedinpractice.Thecollection,distributionandanalysisoftrendsofNPPperformanceindicatorsgiveanystationtheabilitytocompareitsownoperationalresultswiththeresultsofalltheotherstationsaroundtheworld.
Importanceofthepeerreviewprocess
Experienceinthenuclearindustryhasshownthemeritofperiodicreviewsofplantoperationsbyexternalgroups.In1991,WANOestablishedapilotprogramforvoluntarypeerreviewsthathashadgreatsuccessandhascontinueduptothepresentday.NowitisaWANOmemberobligationtohostWANOpeerreviews.Theymayalsohostotherexternalreviews,includingutilityreviewswithoutsidemembers,IAEAoperationalsafetyreviewteam(OSART)reviews,andreviewsfromtheUSA'
sInstituteofNuclearPowerOperations(INPO)andtheJapanNuclearTechnologyInstitute(JANTI).
"
WANOhasnowconductedover500operatingstationpeerreviewsatnearlyeveryoperatingnuclearpowerplant"
WANOhasnowconductedover500operatingstationpeerreviewsatnearlyeveryoperatingnuclearpowerplant.AfterFukushima,WANOismovingtowardsafour-yearpeer-reviewfrequencyateveryplant.
ItshouldbeaddedthatthepeerreviewprocessbetweenamemberandWANOisprivate.ThisprivacyisnecessaryforWANOtocarryoutitsmissionofpromotingsafety.Inthepeerreviewprocess,WANOmustobtaininformationfromthepersonnelwhodotheday-to-dayworkatanoperatingnuclearstation.Thisimportantinformationisbasedonthefacts,anditismorelikelytobeprovidedfreelyinarelationshipbuiltontrustandconfidence.Iftheinteractionsbetweentheregionalcenterandtheplantpersonnelaremadepublic,thentheregionalcentermaybegivenlessinformationandthequalityofthatinformationmaydeteriorate.Besidesthis,peerreviewteamsareexpertsintheirtechnicalfieldsbutnormallyarenotexpertsinpublicrelations.
Theteammembersarenotexpectedtointeractwiththemediaduringorafterpeerreviews.Furthermore,WANOdoesnotcommentorprovidetoathirdpartyanyinformationonthepeerreviews.Peerreviewreportsareprovidedonlytothehostutilityandtheregionalcenters.
WANOpeerreviewprogram
Thepeerreviewprogramprovidesanopportunityformemberstolearnandshareworldwideinsightsonsafeandreliableplantoperationandtherebyimprovetheirownperformance.Theteamisinvitedbythestationindependentofanyrequirementsofthenuclearregulatoryandgovernmentauthorities.ThestandardWANOpeerreviewisofalloperationalunitsofanuclearpowerplant,althoughtheprogramhasexpandedtoincludepre-startuppeerreviewsandcorporatepeerreviews.WANOprovidesallnewunitswithapre-startupreviewbeforeinitialcriticalityandapeerreviewtwoyearsafterconnectiontothegrid.Apre-startuppeerreviewteamofficeopenedinSeptember2012inHongKong,toenableaspecialistteamtobebasedintheregionwherethegreatestnumberofstartupswilltakeplaceinthenextfewyears.
Guidelines,processesandprocedureshavebeendevelopedtosupportthepeerreviewprogram.Performanceobjectivesandcriteriaforplantpeerreviewsareusedasthestandardsbywhichplantperformanceiscompared.Thisdocumentlookslikeadescriptionofanidealnuclearstation.
Standardplantpeerreviewscoverseveralfunctionalareas:
operations,maintenance,chemistry,engineering,radiologicalprotectionandtraining.Theyalsocovercross-functionalareas:
operationalfocus,workmanagement,equipmentreliability,configurationmanagement,performanceimprovement,operatingexperience,organizationaleffectiveness,fireprotectionandemergencypreparedness.Fromthisyear(2014)additionalareassuchareasasleadershipandnuclearprofessionalismwillbereviewed.AnimportantpartofeachpeerreviewisareviewofthestatusofrecommendationsfromWANOsignificantoperatingexperiencereports.
Preparingforthereview
Afterthescheduleisconfirmedbythehoststation,thenexttaskistoformateamthatconsistsofaqualifiedteamleaderandupto25experiencednuclearprofessionalsfrommemberorganizations.Teamrolesandresponsibilitiesareclearlydescribedinpeer-reviewprocesses.Teamsincludemembersfromforeigncountries,andwheneverpossibleatleastonereviewerfromeachregionalcenter.Usinginternationalpeerspromotesconsistencyandsharingofreviewtechniquesamongregions,andallowscommunicationofindependentpointsofview.
Ateamleadercandidatemusthavereachedthelevelofplantmanagerorsimilar,andhaveatleasttenyears'
experienceinthenuclearindustry.Thisallowshimorhertobeaneffectivecounterparttotheplant'
smanagers.Heorshemusthavehighly-developedcommunication,observationandanalyticalskills,beabletointeracteffectivelywithindividualsfromtheutility,andbeabletomotivateandbuildteamworkamongpersonnelwithdiversebackgrounds.
Apeerreviewteamcandidateneedstohaveatleastfiveyears'
experienceinthenuclearindustry"
Thepositionrequiresknowledgeofbestindustrypracticesinmanyareas,understandingofinternationalculturesandtheabilitytousepeer-reviewmethodologytobeeffectiveinthesecultures.Alloftheseskillsallowtheleadertobuildacollaborativeteam,ensuringthatpeersfrominternationalindustryandthehostutilityareactivelyengaged.Theyshouldbeanalyzingplantinformationtoidentifypotentialareasfortheteam,establishingeffectiveworkingrelationshipswithseniorstationmanagers,andeffectivelycommunicatingthepeerreviewresultstothem.
experienceinthenuclearindustry,andhavereachedthelevelofadepartmenthead,deputyhead,shiftmanagerorsupervisor.Thisexperiencehelpshimorherunderstandoperationalpracticesatdifferentkindsofreactors.Hisorherskillsmustalloweffectivecommunicationwithalllevelsofstationmanagement.Everyteammembergetstrainingonthepeerreviewprocess,andinconductingobservationsandinterviews.Guidesforpeerreviewersdivideeveryfunctionalareaintosub-sectionsandlistquestionsandaffirmationsthatshouldbeansweredandconfirmed.
Apreliminaryvisittothestationbytheteamleaderandseveralteammembersisconductedinadvancetoprepareforthereview.Theplantpreparesapreliminaryinformationpackagethatincludesplantlayout,organizationalcharts,self-assessmentresults,performanceindicatorcharts,procedures,equipmentsurveillanceandtestingschedules,eventanalysisandotherimportantinformation.Thepackageisprovidedtoteammembersaboutsixmonthsinadvancetoallowthemsufficienttimeforreview.
Mechanics:
10+daysonsite
Atlasttheteamarrivesatthestation.Thenthereisthefirstacquaintance,andthefirsttourofthestationingroupstolookforfactsthatcanbeconsideredasabasisforfutureproblemareas.Theworkbegins.Thereviewincludesobservations,interviewswithkeypersonnelanddiscussionofobservationalresultswithstationpersonnel.Theconclusionsarebasedprimarilyontheobservedperformanceoftheplantandstaff,includingobservation
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