阅读理解100篇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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阅读理解100篇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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“Thefirstthingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirabilitytoperformwellonaconsistentbasis,’”saysNeilPLewis,amanagementpsychologist.“Butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion,eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability,amanagerisgoingtopromotethepersonheorshelikesbest.It’ssimplehumannature.”
Yet,psychologistssay,manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople,theysay,haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery(奉承),fearfulthat,iftheyspeakupforthemselves,theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirbossforfavors.
Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsomeself-promotion.
11.“Officepolitics”(Line2,Para.4)isusedinthepassagetoreferto________.
A)thecodeofbehaviorforcompanystaff
B)thepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficeworkers
C)theinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompany
D)thevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulcareer
12.Togetpromoted,onemustnotonlybecompetentbut________.
A)givehisbossagoodimpression
B)honestandloyaltohiscompany
C)getalongwellwithhiscolleagues
D)avoidbeingtoooutstanding
13.Whyaremanypeopleunwillingto“playthegame”(Line4,Para.5)?
A)Theybelievethatdoingsoisimpractical.
B)Theyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisunprincipled.
C)Theyarenotgoodatmanipulatingcolleagues.
D)Theythinktheeffortwillgetthemnowhere.
14.Theauthorconsidersofficepoliticstobe________.
A)unwelcomeattheworkplace
B)badforinterpersonalrelationships
C)indispensabletothedevelopmentofcompanyculture
D)animportantfactorforpersonaladvancement
15.Itistheauthor’sviewthat________.
A)speakingupforoneselfispartofhumannature
B)self-promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanflattery
C)hardworkcontributesverylittletoone’spromotion
D)manyemployeesfailtorecognizetheneedofflattery
(2)
AssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm(火器)fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowningone.
“TheConstitution,”saidtheassociation’sspokesman,“giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn’tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves.”
“Don’tyouthinkit’sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildrenaround?
”
“TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuse(导火索)separatelyinadrawer.”
“Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody.”
Thespokesmansaid,“Hydrogenbombsdon’tkillpeople—peoplekillpeople.Thebombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they’regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin.”
“ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizensclaimthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinet,withthefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder(侵入者).”
“Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.Sowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjusthandguns.”
16.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoasto________.
A)blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebomb
B)coordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveweapon
C)instructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeathome
D)promotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedweapon
17.SomepeopleopposetheownershipofH-bombsbyindividualsonthegroundsthat________.
A)thesizeofthebombmakesitdifficulttokeepinadrawer
B)mostpeopledon’tknowhowtohandletheweapon
C)people’sliveswillbethreatenedbytheweapon
D)theymayfallintothehandsofcriminals
18.Bysayingthatthebombalsohasadeterrenteffectthespokesmanmeansthatit________.
A)willfrightenawayanypossibleintruders
B)canshowthespecialstatusofitsowners
C)willthreatenthesafetyoftheownersaswell
D)cankillthoseenteringothers’housesbyforce
19.Accordingtothepassage,opponentsoftheprivateownershipofH-bombsareverymuchworriedthat________.
A)theinfluenceoftheassociationistoopowerfulforthelessprivilegedtoovercome
B)poorly-educatedAmericanswillfinditdifficulttomakeuseoftheweapon
C)thewideuseoftheweaponwillpushuplivingexpensestremendously
D)thecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalbasis
20.Fromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthoris________.
A)doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeepingH-bombsathomeforsafety
B)unhappywiththosewhovoteagainsttheownershipofH-bombs
C)notseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-bombs
D)concernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweapons
(3)
Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:
whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.
WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:
amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.
Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:
Mightdeafpeopleactually:
haveagenuinelanguage?
AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?
Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”
21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe________.
A)anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage
B)achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguage
C)anapproach:
tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage
D)anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage
22.The,presentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby________.
A)afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain
B)aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts
C)anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf
D)someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage
23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis________.
A)aSubstandardlanguage
B)agenuinelanguage
C)anartificiallanguage
D)aninternationallanguage
24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought________.
A)signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople
B)signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted
C)alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand
D)alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds
25.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat________.
A)signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage
B)signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage
C)languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes
D)lan
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