作文讲义修订版Word文件下载.docx
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作文讲义修订版Word文件下载.docx
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相关词(如:
题目onlineshopping的相关词可以是:
Internet,shoppingwebsites,customers,onlinestores,goods)
4).代词替换:
某群体thosewith/peoplewho
如:
拥有博士学位的人群thosewithdoctoraldegrees/peoplewhohavedoctoraldegrees
b.深度:
弃用第一反应词。
2.2句子写作
a.造句原则:
1)切忌逐字翻译;
2)汉语意思—》英文结构
b.造句基础:
1)简单句:
主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补
2)并列句:
and/or/while/but
3)复合句:
名词从句、定语从句、状语从句
备注:
三种基本句式变体为:
陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句等
c.如何写正确?
三个事项:
1)词性;
2)单复数;
3)动词(时态、语态、语气)
2.1写作翻译常用句式:
ForCET-4
1)被动
2)名词从句:
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
3)定语从句:
写作步骤:
1)先写出正确简单句,确定被修饰成分(中心名词)
2)在中心名词后加入定从,关系词who,whose,whom,where,which,when
4)含同位语句式:
1)人—》身份;
Eg.Iamconvincedthat…Asacollegestudent,Iamconvincedthat
2)物—》性质:
Astrongwillbringsuspower…Asavitalquality,astrongwillbringsus
5)it句式:
形式主语1)itis+被动/形容词/名词+that从句/todo…
形式宾语2)sbfind/noticeitdifficulttodo…
6)therebe:
7)强调句:
1)强调谓语:
Iloveyou.-Idoloveyou./Ididloveyou.
2)强调句式:
Itis+被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分
8)(半)倒装:
1)表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首,主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);
Eg.Iwillneveragree.NeverwillIagree.
2)Only+状语位于句首,主句半倒装
Whenmybelovedisbesidemyself,Icanfeelthetruehappiness.
Onlywhenmybelovedisbesidemyself,canIfeelthetruehappiness.
3)As/though倒装形式
AlthoughZYKisagirl,sheiscalledbrotherZeng.GirlasZYKis,sheiscalledbrotherZeng.
4)平衡结构性倒装:
如图表作文首句:
Givenisachartwhichclearlyillustratesthestrikingcontrast/relationbetween_____and______.
9)双重否定:
用于强调:
no____is/aremore_____than________.
Theimportanceof_____cannotbetooemphasized.
10)Ving状语:
Iclimbedthestairs.Itookasuitcase.
Iclimbedthestairs,takingasuitcase.
Climbingthestairs,Itookasuitcase.
ForCET-6:
11)with结构:
with+n/pron+adj/ed/ving/prep
a.前面有逗号,与整个句子隔开:
充当整个句子状语成分
b.前面无逗号,直接用在名词后:
充当前面名词定语成分
12)插入语:
第三章段落及篇章写作
a.六种功能段落及篇章写作思路
(四级考试作文一般写三段,每一段完成题目中的一项或两项“内容要求”,篇章层面为六种功能段落的排列组合)
b.现象、危害、原因、建议、观点(利弊)、意义段写作逻辑:
“一个中心,四个基本点”:
3.1现象描述
现象段:
______(引出问题+具体描述/看法理解+总结问题)=主题句+具体现象
1)引出问题:
☆首句1.Onmanycampuses/Incontemporarysociety/Nowadays,ithasbecomea(prevalent)trend/tendencyfor_______to______.
首句2.(背景)Livinginaneraofknowledge/fiercecompetition,_doctorsandmastershavemoreaccesstojobopportunities.(2012-12真题)
首句3.Inrecentyears,(itcanbenoticedthat)__________________________than(ever)before.(比较级引出问题)
☆首句4:
InChina,_________has/havegainedgreat/widepopularityamong_______.或:
InChina,______hasbeenenjoyinggrowingpopularityanditisofgreatimportance.
首句5:
(背景)Thepastyears/decadeshaveseenthehuge/speedyadvancement/developmentof_____________.
首句6:
Givenisaninterestingbutthought-provokingcartoon:
____________.
2)具体描述:
二句1:
(事实描述:
相关人+感受)Meanwhile,anincreasingnumberofindividuals/peoplefinditdifficult/hard/troublesometo__________________.
Anincreasingnumberof:
find-->
deem/regard
负面:
difficult正面:
convenient/comfortable/inexpensive/natural/necessary
二句2:
(举例描述1)Acaseinpointis/Atypicalexampleis/Thisphenomenoncanbebestillustratedbythefactthat.
☆(举例描述2)Turning/Takingalookaround/at_______,wecannotice/findagreatmany/plentyof/agooddealofexampleslikethis:
两个例子.
二句3:
(举例描述3):
Ourdailylifehasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexamples,(butthefollowingwillsuffice:
)______________.
二句4:
(调查法描述:
)(Accordingtoarecentsurvey,)amajority/72.34%ofpeople/students/individuals/citizens/residentsadmit/reckon/acknowledgethat_______.
二句5:
(看法理解):
Obviously,thiscarton/sayingcanbenaturallyassociatedwiththesignificanceof________:
3)总结问题:
承上+启下(如字数已够,可以不写)
三句1:
(承上)Thus/Therefore/Hence,(启下)howto_______________effectivelyhasbecomeamatterofconcern.
三句2:
(承上)Asaresult/Consequently/Accordingly,(启下)_____requires/necessitates/callsforcloseattentionofthewholesociety.
三句3:
(承上)So,(启下1)dueattentionshouldbepaidto_____/(或)weshouldkeepacloseeyeon____.
3.2分析危害
危害段:
(弊)=主题句+危害1+危害2+总结
主题句1:
Ifwekeepturningablindeye,thistrendisboundtogenerate/resultin/leadtoseriouseffects.
☆主题句2:
Apparentlyenough,therearesomenegativeimpactswhichweshouldnotignore/neglect.
☆主题句3:
Quiteobviously,itisofgreatnecessitytofigureoutthenegativeinfluences(behindit).
主题句4:
Totacklethisproblem,itisofgreat/vitalsignificancetoanalyzethepotentialnegativeimpactsofthismatter.
具体危害写法
☆危害1:
Tobeginwith,_____maydamage/hurt/injure/harm/impair/underminetheover-all/sustainabledevelopmentof______,(because____________).
☆危害2:
Moreover,(强调句式)itis_____thatdoes/donotenable______tobuildup/expand/enjoy__________.
危害3:
Thistrendisparticularlyworthconcernforthebackgroundthat____mayfocusmucheyesighton_____,ignoringthesignificanceof_________.
☆危害4:
Besides,(itcanbearguedthat)_____means/equalsagraveamountoftime/energy/naturalresources;
(however,______isdefinitelyvaluable/limited).
☆危害5:
Asamatteroffact,______inmounting/largenumbershaveignoredthesignificance/necessityof_____
☆万能危害总结1:
Andifweletthissituationcontinueasitis,wewillnotknowwhere____willbeintheforthcomingfuture.
危害总结2:
Toconclude,itisundeniablethatthebadimpactsof_____canneverbeturnedablindeyeto.
3.3分析原因
原因段=主题句+原因1+原因2+总结
☆主题句1:
Generallyspeaking,severalreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.(中性话题)
主题句2:
Ingeneral,thereareseveralfactorscontributingtothisphenomenon(,butthefollowingmaybethemostcritical).(中性话题)
Itisevidentthatthecausesofthisphenomenonarediverse/various.
Tosolve/dealwiththisworrying/disturbingissue,itisofvitalsignificancetoexplore/investigatethepossiblereasons.
原因1:
Inthefirstplace,___________istherootcause.Agoodcaseinpointisthat_____________________/(Accordingtoasurvey),amajorityof______admitthat_____________________.(原因+例子/或调查法描述)
原因2:
Inthesecondplace,_____constitutesanothermajorcause.Specifically/Tobespecific,_______________________________.(原因+具体说明:
即现象描述).
☆万能原因3:
(强调句式)Then,itis_____thatmakes/attracts/enables____to___.
☆万能原因4:
Asamatteroffact,______inmounting/largenumbershave(not)cometorealizethesignificance/necessityof_____(for____)
☆原因总结1:
Asaconsequence,_______payrelativelyless(more)attentionto_______.
原因总结2:
Consequently,____has(not)beenemphasized.
3.4建议措施
建议段=总结句+建议1+建议2+展望
☆总结句1:
Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken(beforethingsgetworse).
总结句2:
Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly,itishightimethatwetookfeasiblesteps(tostop/limit/restrainthistrend).
总结句3:
Infact,people’s/ourwaysto___________dovary/differ.(☆替换:
1.Asa____,Iamconvincedthattherearevariouswaysinwhich_____________________.或2.Itisapparentthatwaysto___________arevarious.)Some_____;
some______;
someothers_____.
☆建议1:
First,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedoutandenforcedtoban/forbid/support/guide_________.
☆建议2:
Second,itissuggestedthatthepublicshouldenhance/promote/cultivate/strengthentheirawarenessof__________.
建议3:
Then,itis(not)advisable/significantfor________to________
建议4:
Inaddition,_______arehighlyhoped/expected/well-advisedto__________.
☆万能建议5:
Lastly,________shouldeducate,advocateandencourage____________________________(not)to______________.
展望未来1:
Onlybydoingso/Onlythroughthesemeasures,canwe__________________________.(慎用)
☆展望未来2:
Ifwetryourutmosttodoso,thefutureof____willbepromising/hopeful/rosy.或者Sparingnoeffortstodoso,wecanwitnessahopefulandpromisingfutureof________.
展望未来:
Dobearinmind:
no__________,no______________.
3.5观点段(利弊)
(支持方观点=利;
反方观点=弊;
我的观点)
支持方观点(利)
支持方主题句1:
Comparedwith______,______issuperiorinseveralways.
☆支持方主题句2:
Anumberofindividualsfavor/prefer_____becauseofits/theirbenefits.
支持方主题句3:
Thosewhoareinfavorof____claimthat_____ischaracterizedbyalotadvantages.
☆支持方观点(利)1:
Intheireyes,without________,itisimpossibleforthemto___________.
☆支持方观点(利)2:
Inaddition,itis______thathelps/enables_____toexpand/strengthen/enjoy/enrich/attract_____________.
☆支持方观点(利)3:
Asa_____,_______bringsus_____,arousesourenthusiasmfor_______,andhelpsusto____________..
支持方观点(利)4:
Intheiropinion,_____willdefinitelypromotethedevelopment/efficiencyof_____,whichotherwisewouldbeimpossible.
支持方观点(利)5:
Anotherevidentadvantage/merit/strength/benefitisthat____mayoffer/provide/bringentertainment/pleasure/anenjoyablelife.
反方观点(弊)(三句=主题句+反方观点1+反方观点2)
Evenso,othersholdadifferentviewthat____carriessomerisks/doubts.
Others,however,regarditdifferently.
Advantageous/beneficial/rewarding/good/popularasitis,othershaveanoppositeperspective.
Inspiteofalltheseclaims,othersmaintainthatitisunnecessaryto____
反对本质:
危害分析。
因此,分析弊与分析危害可互用。
反方观点(弊)1:
Firstandforemost,_________meansagreatamountoftime,moneyandenergy;
therefore,_____maybedisturbed.
☆反方观点(弊)2:
First,____means/callsforplentyof/certaintime,energyandmoney;
nonetheless/however,theresult/quality/realityof_____isnotalwaysassatisfactoryasexpected.
☆反方观点(弊)3:
Inaddition,whatworriesmanyparents/teachersisthat_____________________________
我的观点=我的观点(支持、反对或折中)+理由+展望未来
☆我的观点1:
Byandlarge/Toconclude,theadvantagesderivedfrom_______faroutweighthedisadvantages.
我的观点2:
T
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