The Pessimistic Themes of Katherine Mansfields Store 凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德的悲观的主义Word格式文档下载.docx
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The Pessimistic Themes of Katherine Mansfields Store 凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德的悲观的主义Word格式文档下载.docx
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本学位论文是我在导师的指导下取得的研究成果。
在本学位论文中,除了加以标注和致谢的部分外,不包含其他人已经发表或公布过的研究成果,也不包含我为获得任何教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。
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Contents
Acknowledgementsi
内容提要i
Abstractii
Introduction1
ChapteroneDisillusion3
1.1.TheDisillusionofLove3
1.2.TheLostFantasy4
1.3.TheLostInnocence5
ChapterTwoLoneliness8
2.1.TheLonelinessofChildhood8
2.2.TheLonelinessOfYouth9
2.3.TheLonelinessOfOldAge10
ChapterThreeDeath12
3.1.TheHelplessnessBeforeDeath12
3.2.TheTribulationOfTheLiving13
Conclusion15
Bibliography16
Acknowledgements
IwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoMs.YuanJie,mysupervisor,withoutwhosehelpandguidancethecompletionofthispresentthesiswouldhavebeenimpossible.
内容提要
二十世纪初,包含了多角度透视,意识流等新颖手法的“现代派”小说逐渐形成,并对传统的写作模式进行了冲击,而凯萨琳·
曼斯菲尔德就是英语短篇小说的领域的创新者之一。
作为英语现代文学史上一个举足轻重的角色,曼斯菲尔德在其短暂的一生中完成了多部脍炙人口的作品。
这些作品绝大部分是以她的故乡新西兰为背景,以她早年的亲身经历为创作素材。
由于个人的坎坷生活,曼斯菲尔德的作品中总会带着悲剧色彩。
本文就将以曼斯菲尔德小说中的三个悲剧性主题:
幻灭感,孤独感和死亡进行依次探讨。
全文共分3章。
第一章简单介绍了
关键词:
主题悲剧性幻灭感孤独感死亡
Abstract
Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,modernstorywasbeingformulatedandlotsoffreshmeans,includingperspectivefrommulti-angles,streamofconsciousnesscameintothestorywritingworld,andKatherineMansfieldwasoneofthepioneersinthefieldoftheEnglishshortstory.
AsaconsequentialroleinthemodernEnglishliteraryhistory,Mansfieldcompletedanumberofworkswhichenjoyedgreatpopularity.TheseworksmostlytakeherhometownNewZealandasbackgroundandtakeherearlierpersonalexperienceasthesourceofmaterial.Becauseoftheroughlife,Mansfield'
workalwayshadthecoloroftragedy.ThispaperwillexploreMansfield'
sthreepessimisticthemes:
disillusion,lonelinessanddeathwiththeillustrationofherstories.
Keywords:
themes;
pessimism;
disillusion;
loneliness;
death
Introduction
Asanaccomplishedwriterofshortstory,KatherineMansfield(1888-1923)isnowconsideredoneofNewZealand’sgreatestliteraryfigures.
Mansfield'
sshortstoriesarealwaysthesubjectsofcriticalresearch,especiallyherpessimisticshortstories.Whatshewrotemostprofoundlyinherworksarethethreepessimisticthemes—disillusion,lonelinessanddeath.Sherevealedthetruthandcrueltyoflifethroughapparentlyordinaryevents,whichmadeherstoriesrealandlife-like.Whenwereadthesetragedies,weseemedtoenterintoMansfield'
sinnerworld.Wewouldfindthatallherlifewashauntedbydisillusion,lonelinessanddeath.
Mansfield’spessimismiscloselyrelatedtoherlifeexperience.Sheherselfsufferedmuchsetbackinherlife.Herfirstmarriagefailedcompletely,asaresult,sheseparatedwithherhusbandsoon.In1918theydivorcedofficially.AndshewaspregnantinGermany,butunfortunatelymiscarried.Inthissituationshefinishedherfirstbook"
InaGermanPension"
(1911)withasorrowfulfeeling.DuringWorldWarI,shelostherbrother,whojoinedarmy.ShewassogrievedandwenttothesouthofFrenchwhereshewrote"
Prelude"
withastrongemotionofhomesicknessanditwaspublishedin1918.
In1920hercollectionofshortstoriesBlissAndOtherStorieswaspublishedandthistookagreatfametotheauthoress.In1912heroutstandingworkGardenPartyAndOtherStorieswasissued.FromthensheestablishedherstatusintheliteraryworldofBritain.ItisapitythatwhileshewasinherprimeofartistictalentandpowerMansfield'
shealthdeteriorated.ShehadtostopwritingandtorecuperateinsomeplacessuchasthesouthofFrench,Switzerlandandsoon.OnJanuary9,1923,shedied.
Withsucharoughlife,Mansfieldcouldonlyexpressherfeelinginwriting.Sheconcentratedongriefonherworks.Andallthesesetbacksbecamethesourceofinspiration."
Bliss"
"
TheTirednessOfRosabel"
TheFly"
andherothershortstorieswerethereflectionoftheroughlifeofMansfield.
Thispaperwillbedividedintofourparts.ItwillstudyMansfield'
sthreepessimisticthemesinturnthroughherseveralworks.Thefirstpartwilldiscussthethemeofdisillusionthrough"
HerFirstBall"
MissBrill"
and"
GardenParty"
.Thesecondpartwillstudythethemeoflonelinesswithananalysisof"
TheDoll'
sHouse"
TheTirednessofRosbel"
Picture"
TheCanary"
.Thethirdpartwillconcentrateonthethemeofdeathandtherelevantworks,suchas"
LifeofMaParker"
.
ChapteroneDisillusion
DisillusionseemstobethethemewhichwasMansfield’sveryfavorite.Shewroteaboutitagainandagain.Disillusionisalossofillusion.Itisthesenseoflossandmelancholythatisbroughtaboutbyasuddenfeelingofdisenchantmentinone'
slife.Itisasuddenawakeningfromone'
sdream,oralossofthepassionofpursuingideals.DisillusionisadominantthemeinMansfield'
sshortstories,amongwhich"
and"
aremostrepresentativeworks.
1.1.TheDisillusionofLove
"
wasoneofMansfield'
srepresentativeworks.ThestorydepictedBerthaYoung’sdisillusionoflove.Bertha,a30-year-oldwoman,hadbeenimmersingintheblissofloveallday,onlytofindherselfafoolforherhusbandcommittedfornicationwithherfriend.Itwasastoryaboutthedisillusionoflovethatwascausedbythelossofhappiness.
Bertha,theheroineof"
wasacharacterwholivedindream.Inhervieweverythingwasprefect.Shethoughtthatshehadbeenhappyenoughandeverythinginherlifewascompletelyglidingthelilytoherheartwhichhadbeenfilledwithhappiness.InfactthearticleusedmanywordstopaintapicturebeforeBerthaknowingherhusband'
sbetraying.Atfirstthecontentofthisstorygivesthereadersawarmfeeling.Thereaderswouldeasilyregardthisworkasatypicalcomedy.However,attheendofthestory,Mansfieldrevealedthetruthbehindtheblisswithoutanyomen.ThishugecontrastimmediatelybroughtaboutanintensefeelingofdisillusionmenttobothBerthaandthereaders.AndthefactthatthedescriptionabouttheblestlifeofBerthaintheprecedingpartofstorywhichseemsexceedinglylong,andevenabitmeaninglessplayedagreatroletorenderBertha’sillusoryblissevenmoreironicattheendofthestory.
Berthashowedherhappyfeelingseveraltimesinthestory:
...thatallofherfeelingifblisscamebackagain,andagainshedidn'
tknowhowtiexpressit...'
I'
mtoohappy--toohappy!
'
shemurmured...really--really--shehadeverything.Shewasyoung.Harry(Bertha'
shusband)andshewereasmuchinloveasever,andtheygotontogethersplendidlyandwerereallygoodpals.Shehadanadsolutelysatisfactoryhouseandgarden..."
(O'
Sullivan,2006:
148)Shethoughteverythingaroundherwasprefectandshewasreallyablestperson.Howeverwhenshefoundherhusbandhadanaffairwithherfriend,shejusthadalament:
Whatisgoingtohappennow?
Andthestoryendshere,leavingthereadersmuchspaceforinterpretation.WecanspeculatewhatBerthawoulddoafterwards.
Onlytwopossibilitieswouldhappen.ThefirstisthatBerthahadaloudquarrelandbreaktieswithherhusbandandfriend.Thesecondisthatshekeptsilentandimmersedinthisfactitiousbliss.InmyopinionthepossibilitythatBerthachoosetheformerwillbemorethanchoosingthelatter.ThroughreadingentirestoryandanalysingthepersonalityofBertha,Ihaveenoughreasontothinklikethis.Butafterknowingthetruth,howwouldshemeetherhusbandandfriend?
Fromhavingblisstolosingbliss,thehugedifferencewillmakeherverymiserable.Althoughtimecanhealallwound,herhusbandandfriendwhoalwaysappearedaroundherwouldalwaysmakehersufferthispain.Andthiscompletelyaccordsthethemeofthestory:
Theblisscausedbyhavingsuchhusbandandfriendcontraststheagonycausedbyhavingthem.Andthisisjustthesourceofdisillusion.
1.2.TheLostFantasy
BesidesBerthawhohadthedisillusionoflove,MansfieldalsocreatedagirlLeilain"
whowasveryexcitingatherfirstballandanoldunmarriedwomanBrillin"
wholookedateverythingaroundherwithawell-meaningsight.AndwhyIwilldiscussthemtogetheristhatbothofthemlosttheirfantasybyotherpeople'
swordswhentheywereimmersinginecstasy.Theysuddenlyfoundlifewasnotsoprefectastheirimagination.
isacaseinpoint.Theheroineof"
Leilawasaneighteenyearsoldgirl.Shewasinvitedtotakepartinherfirstballofherlifebyhercousins.Althoughshewasalittlenervous,shestillenjoyedandtreasuredthisballverymuch.Ifthatfatmandidnotsaythosewordstoher,thisballwouldbeanicememoryinherlife."
..youcan'
thopetolastanythinglikeaslongasthat.'
'
...longbeforethatyou'
llbesittingupthereonthestage.Andtheseprettyarmswillhaveturnedintolittleshortfatones...youwillsmileawaylikethepoorolddearsupthere,andpointtoyourdaughter,andtelltheelderlyladynexttoyouhowsomedreadfulmantriedtokissherattheclubball.Andyourheartwasache,ache--becausenoonewantstokissyounow...'
(O'
240)Howcruelthesewordsweresaidtoagirlwhowasinflowerage.Thiswasherfirstball,whichwassoimportantandsignificant,justlikethebeginningofbeautifullife.Butthisfatman'
swordsmadeherdreamdisillusion.EvenLeilaansweredobstinately:
AsifIshould!
(takeseriouslytoth
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