任务型阅读综合练习题docWord下载.docx
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任务型阅读综合练习题docWord下载.docx
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tjustpeoplewhosefeaturesweresavable;
itwasevents,theprecioustimesthatfamiliescherish.TheKodakmoment,washumanity'
smoment.
A.ItshowedustheshotthatkilledPresidentKennedy,andhisbrotherbleedingoutonakitchenfloor.
B.GeorgeEastmanwasnotonlyinterestedincommercialprofits,butalsointheimprovementofotherpeople'
slives.
C.Inaneraofeasydigitalphotography,whenwecantakeapictureofanythingatanytime,wecannotimaginewhatlifewaslikebeforeGeorgeEastmanbroughtphotographytopeople.
D.For20years,itsleadershavefoolishlyspentdownthepatrimony(祖传的财物)ofacentury'
sprosperity.
E.BeforeGeorgeEastmanbroughtphotographytopeople,paintingwastheonlywayforpeopletokeeparecordoftheirancestors.
F.Itisimpossibletounderstandthe20thCenturywithoutrecognizingtheroleoftheEastmanKodakCompany.
【答案】D;
F;
A;
C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,由于在财务、技术和竞争方面管理不善。
作为美国最重要的品牌之一,柯达即将消失,柯达时代已经过去。
文章同时重点描述了柯达给人们的生活所带来的重大影响和意义,作者认为几乎每一张20世纪的重要照片都是伊士曼柯达公司送给下一代的礼物。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“OneofAmerica'
sbedrockbrandsisabouttodisappear,theKodakmomenthaspassed.”美国最重要的品牌之一即将消失,柯达时代已经过去。
可知在财务、技术和竞争方面管理不善,20年来,柯达的领导人愚蠢地挥霍了一个世纪繁荣的遗产。
最终导致品牌的倒闭。
故选D。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“Fewcompanieshavedonesomuchgoodforsomanypeople,ordefinedandliftedsoprofoundlythespiritofanationandperhapstheworld.”很少有公司为这么多人做了这么多好事,或如此深刻地定义和提升了一个国家乃至整个世界的精神。
此处公司的指的是柯达公司,下文进一步强调柯达的作用:
不认识EastmanKodak公司的作用,就不可能理解20世纪。
故选F。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“ItintroducedustothemerryoldLandofOzandtostarsfromCharlieChaplintoJohnWayne,andElizabethTaylortoTomHanks.”它向我们介绍了快乐的奥兹故土,从查理·
卓别林到约翰·
韦恩,从伊丽莎白·
泰勒到汤姆·
汉克斯。
可知在列举柯达记录下的世界上重要的人物和事件,如:
它向我们展示了杀死肯尼迪总统的那一枪,以及他的弟弟在厨房地板上流血不止。
故选A。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“Virtuallyeverysignificantimageofthe20thCenturyisagifttogenerationfromtheEastmanKodakCompany.”几乎每一张20世纪的重要照片都是伊士曼柯达公司送给下一代的礼物。
可知下文应继续强调柯达给人们生活产生的影响:
在一个数码摄影简单的时代,当我们可以在任何时候拍任何东西的照片,我们无法想象在乔治·
伊士曼把摄影带给人们之前的生活是什么样的。
故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2.请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:
每个空格只填1个单词。
Pretendingyou'
resomeoneelsecanmakeyoucreative
Onegreatirony(讽刺)aboutourcollectivefascinationwithcreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself:
Weareeither"
creative"
peopleorwearen'
t,withoutmuchofamiddleground.
Pillay,atechbusinessmanandHarvardprofessorhasspentagoodpartofhiscareerdestroyingtheseideas.Pillaybelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistodismisstheconventionaladvicethaturgesyouto"
believeinyourself"
.Infact,youshoulddotheexactopposite:
believeyouaresomeoneelse.
InarecentcolumnforHarvardBusinessReview,Pillaypointedtoa2016studyshowingtheimpactofstereotypes(刻板印象)onone'
sbehavior.Theauthors,educationpsychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintothreecategories,instructingthemembersofonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas"
eccentric(古怪的)poets"
andthemembersofanothertoimaginetheywere"
rigidlibrarians"
(peopleinthethirdcategory,thecontrolgroup,wereleftaloneforthispart).Theresearchersthenpresentedparticipantswith10ordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Thosewhowereaskedtoimaginethemselvesas"
eccentricpoets"
cameupwiththewidestrangeofideasfortheobjects,whilethoseinthe"
rigidlibrarian"
grouphadthefewest.Meanwhile,theresearchersfoundonlysmalldifferencesinstudents'
creativitylevelsacrossacademicmajors—infact,thephysicsmajorsinhabiting(寄生)thepersonas(伪装的外表)of"
cameupwithmoreideasthantheartmajorsdid.
Theseresults,writeDumasandDunbar,suggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualquality,buta"
malleable(可塑的)productofcontextandperspective."
Everyonecanbecreative,aslongastheyfeellikecreativepeople.
Pillay'
sworktakesthisastepfurther:
Hearguesthatidentifyingyourselfwithcreativityislesspowerfulthanthecreativeactofimaginingyou'
resomebodyelse.Thisexercise,whichhecalls"
psychologicalhalloweenism"
referstotheconsciousactionofinhabitinganotherpersona—aninnercostumingoftheself.Itworksbecauseitisanactof"
consciousunfocus"
awayofpositivelystimulatingthedefaultmode(默认模式)network,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'
renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.
Mostofusspendtoomuchtimeworryingabouttwothings:
Howsuccessful/unsuccessfulweare,andhowlittlewe'
refocusingonthetaskathand.Theformerfeedsthelatter—anunfocusedpersonisanunsuccessfulone,webelieve.Thus,weforceourselvesintoquietareas,buynoisecancelingheadphones,andhateourselvesfortakingbreaks.
WhatmakesPillay'
sargumentstandoutisitshealthy,forgivingrealism:
Accordingtohim,mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof"
unfocus"
.Thisdoesn'
tmakeuslazypeople—itmakesushuman.Theideabehindpsychologicalhalloweenismis:
Whatifwestoppedjudgingourselvesforourmentaldowntime,andinsteadstartedusingit?
Puttingthisnewideaondaydreamingmeansaddressingtwoproblemsatonce:
You'
remakingyourselfmorecreative,andyou'
regivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyou'
dotherwisefeelguiltyabout.Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.
Title:
Somemisleadingideasaboutcreativity
●Mostofusare________withtheideathatweareeithercreativeorwearenot:
theredoesn'
texistamiddlegroundinbetween.
●________topopularbelief,Pillay'
ssuggestionisthatyoushouldbelieveyouaresomeoneelse.
DumasandDunbar'
sstudy
●Onegroupwereaskedtothinkofthemselvesas"
another"
andathird________asthecontrolgroup.Theformertwogroupswererequiredtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeach________object.
●Thelevelofstudents'
________isnotalwaysindirectproportiontothetypeofacademicmajors.
●Therefore,creativityisprobablyaproductofcontextandperspectiveratherthansomething________.
Pillay'
sfurtherstudy
●Theexerciseof"
referstotheconsciousactionofbeingothersby________stimulatingthedefaultmodenetwork.
●Pillay________firmlytotheideaofimagingyou'
resomeoneelseandadvisesusnottoworryabouthowsuccessful/unsuccessfulweare.
The________significanceoftheexercise
●Weshouldstartusingitinsteadofstoppingjudgingourselvesforourmentaldowntime.
●Wehaveeveryrightto________ourselvesforbeingunfocusedbecauseitisnotonlyhumanbutalsomakesusmorecreativeandproductive.
【答案】fascinated/impressed;
Contrary;
worked/acted/served/functioned;
given;
creativity;
individual/personal;
positively;
subscribes;
realistic/practical;
forgive
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了假装你是别人会让你更有创造力。
(1)考查信息归纳。
根据第一段中的“Onegreatirony(讽刺)aboutourcollectivefascinationwithcreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.”可知,我们大多数人对自己要么有创造力要么没有创造力的想法印象深刻:
两者之间不存在中间地带。
故答案为fascinated/impressed。
(2)考查信息归纳。
根据第二段中的“Pillaybelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistodismisstheconventionaladvicethaturgesyouto’believeinyourself‘.Infact,youshoulddotheexactopposite:
believeyouares
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