高一英语Unit 5 Theme Parks构词法人教实验版必修4知识精讲Word格式文档下载.docx
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高一英语Unit 5 Theme Parks构词法人教实验版必修4知识精讲Word格式文档下载.docx
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Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.
他不辨是非。
Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5.形容词转化为副词
Howlonghaveyoulivedthere?
你在那儿住多久了?
Howhardthestudentsstudy!
这些学生学习多刻苦啊!
6.个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
Warmclothesareamustinthemountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
即学即用
You’dbetterputyour_______________inthebank.
A.valuablesB.valuesC.valuableD.value
(二)合成法(composition)
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。
合成词的写法由习惯决定,可以写在一起,也可以用连词符号连接。
1.合成名词
名词/代词+名词newspaperbloodtestshe-wolf
动词+名词typewriterpickpocketdaybreak
形容词+名词greenhousehighway
副词+名词overcoatoutside
名词+v.-ing/v.-ing+名词
handwritingreadingroomfreezingpoint
动词+副词/副词+动词
breakthroughget-togetheroutbreakoutcome
名词+介词+名词:
sister-in-laweditor-in-chief
2.合成形容词
名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famousduty-freelarge-scalelong-term
副词+形容词over-anxiousevergreen
名词+过去分词man-madesun-burnt
名词+现在分词peace-lovingEnglish-speaking
形容词+现在分词good-lookingeasy-going
副词+过去分词well-informedwidespread
副词+现在分词hardworkingfar-reaching
形容词+名词+edwarm-heartedabsent-minded
数词+名词+edthree-leggedten–storied
数词+名词one-wayfive–star
数词+名词+形容词ten-year-old800-meter-long
名词+to+名词face–to-facedoor-to-door
3.合成动词
名词+动词baby-sitsleepwalk
副词+动词outnumberunderestimateoverwork
形容词+动词whitewash
4.合成副词
形容词+名词meanwhileanyway
形容词+副词everywhereanyhow
副词+副词however
介词+名词beforehandoverhead
介词+副词forever
5.合成代词
代词宾格+self/selvesherselfthemselves
物主代词+self/selvesmyselfyourselves
形容词+名词anythingnothing
6.合成介词
副词+名词insideoutside
介词+副词withoutwithin
副词+介词into
①The___________isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.
A.bicycle’sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycles’shop
②—Whatareyoudoinghere?
—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageofabout__________inEnglish.
—Youcanwritea_____________passageinEnglish?
A.600words;
600-wordsB.600-words;
600-words
C.600words;
600-wordD.600-words;
600-word
③Hewasfilledwithenvyathis________wealth.Hedecidedtogodownsouthtoseekhisfortune.
A.brother-in-law’sB.brother’s-in-law
C.brother-inlawD.brothers-in-law
④Hefoundalotof_______________were_____________.
A.passers-by;
grown-upsB.passers-bys;
growns-up
C.passers-bys;
grownupsD.passers-by;
⑤Youmustputyourheartintoyourstudies.Don’tbe______inclass.
A.absent-mindedB.absent-minding
C.absent-mindD.absence-minded
(三)派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1.前缀
除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
un-unhappyunfinishedundress
dis-disagreedisbelieve
in[il-(在字母l前),im-(在字母m,b,p前),ir(在字母r前)]-
inaccurateillegalimpoliteimbalanceirregular
mis-misbehavemisleadmistake
non-nonstopnonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……”enrichenlargeencourage
inter-“相互”internationalintercontinental
re-“再,又,重”rethinkretellrecycle
tele-“远程的”telescopetelephonetelegraph
auto-“自动的”automaticautomobile
co-“共同”coworkercooperatecoexist
anti-“反对,抵抗”antiwarantifreezeantinuclear
multi-“多”multistorymulticulturalmulticolor
bi-“双,二”bicyclebilingualbilateral
micro-“极小的,微小的”microwavemicrocomputer
over-“太多,过分”overworkoverdooverestimate
self-“自己,本身”self-centeredself-confidentself-control
under-“在……下面,……下的,不足的”underline,underground,underestimate,underrate
2.后缀
(1)形容词后缀
-able“可……的,具有……的”acceptabledrinkableknowledgeablereasonable
-al“与……有关的”physical,magical,political
-an“属于某地方的人”AmericanAfrican
-ern“方向”southern,northern,eastern
-ful/less“(没)有……的”helpful,useful,homeless,hopeless
-ish“如……的;
有……特征的”foolishchildishselfish
-ive“有……倾向的”activeattractiveexpensive
-en“由……制成的”goldenwoodenwoolen
-ous“有(性质)的”famous,dangerous,poisonous
-ly“有……性质的”friendlyyearlydaily
-y“构成形容词”noisydustycloudy
(2)名词后缀
-er/or“表人或用具”farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container
-ese“某国(人)的”Chinese,Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人;
精通……的人”musician,Asian,Russian,technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者”physicist,scientist,communist,socialist
-ess“表女性,雌性”hostess,actress,princess
-ment“行为或其状态”government,movement,achievement
-ness“性质,状态”illness,sadness,carelessness
-tion“动作,过程,结果”invention,organization,translation
-ance/ence“抽象;
行为、性质、状态”importance,appearance,absence,existence
-th“性质、情况”depth,warmth,truth
-ful“(满的)量”handful,spoonful,mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态”possibility,disability,reliability
-al“过程、状态”survival,arrival,approval
-y“性质、情况”modesty,delivery,honesty
-dom“处于……状态;
性质”freedom,boredom
-age“状态,行为,身份及其结果”courage,storage,marriage
(3)动词后缀
-fy/ify“使得;
变得”simplify,beautify,purify
-en“使成为……;
变得”shorten,deepen,sadden
-ize“使成为”apologize,realize,specialize
(4)副词后缀
-ly“方式,程度”freely,truly,angrily
ward(s)“向……”towards,forward,upwards
(5)数词后缀
-teen“十几”fourteen,eighteen,thirteen
-ty“整十位数”forty,fifty,sixty
-th“序数词”twelfth,twentieth
1.—Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!
—DuringthewinterIlikemyhouse.
A.warmlyandcomfortablyB.warmandcomfortable
C.warmandcomfortablyD.warmlyandcomfortable
2.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.
A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.freeway
3.It’s____________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.
A.possibleB.impossiblyC.unlikelyD.likely
4.Don’tbe_______,youshouldshareyourtoyswithyourbrothers.
A.selflessB.selfC.selfishD.selflessly
5.Theenvironmentalistssaidwildgoats’______onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthebetterenvironment.
A.escapeB.absenceC.attendanceD.appearance
6.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklooked______aboutathisclassmates.
A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely
7.ThestorythatThomashadtoldbeforeyouarrivedsounded______butinfactitwasuntrue.
A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason
8.Thesingergavea____smiletoallaudiencewhocametogreether.
A.friendB.friendlyC.friendlessD.friendship
9.HavingaknowledgeofEnglish_______youtocommunicatewithforeigners.Atthesametimeitcan_____yourmind.
A.able;
richB.enable;
enrich
C.enables;
enrichD.enables;
richen
10.Theteachermademe______forkeepingtheclassinorderwhileshewentout.
A.responsibleB.responsiblyC.respondD.responsive
11.Cheerup!
Don’tbe____byonefailure.Youwillsucceednexttime.
A.encouragesB.discouragedC.encouragedD.discouraging
12.Hisfatherisafamous________intheITfields,soalotofbigcompanieswanttoemployhim.
A.specialistB.specialC.specializeD.specially
【典型例题】
1.Nowadaystherolesofhusbandandwifearenotasdefinedasbefore,especiallywhenbothpartnersworkandearnmoneyforthefamily.
A.clearB.clearedC.clearlyD.moreclearly
2.Workgetsdone______whenpeopledoittogether,andtherewardsarehighertoo.
A.easilyB.veryeasyC.moreeasilyD.easier
3.Mybrotherisreally____.Heoftenworksinhisofficefarintothenight.
A.open-mindedB.hard-workingC.self-confidentD.warm-hearted
4.Johnisvery——ifhepromisestodosomethinghe’lldoit.
A.independentB.confidentC.reliableD.flexible
5.Inthegoodcareofthenurses,theboyisrecoveringfromhisheartoperation.
A.quietlyB.actuallyC.practicallyD.gradually
6.Itseemsthatlivinggreeniseasyandaffordable.Asmallstepmakesabigdifference.
A.exactlyB.fortunatelyC.surprisinglyD.hardly
7.Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim,helooks_____topeoplegreetinghim.
A.friendlyB.livelyC.worriedD.cold
8.Runningacompanyisnot______amatterofhiringpeople—theyalsoneedtobetrained.
A.simplyB.partlyC.seriouslyD.equally
【模拟试题】
(答题时间:
60分钟)
一、单项选择
1.—TomisBob’sbrother.
—________thatTomandBobaresoalike.
A.NomatterB.NowayC.NoproblemD.Nowonder
2.Weknewwe_____theparkwhenwestartedseeingthetigerrightnexttotheroad.
A.weregettingclosetoB.weregettingcloselyto
C.werecomingtoD.getcloseto
3.InOctober,the____tothezoohasrisenby50yuan.
A.permissionB.admissionC.introductionD.instruction
4.Iwouldlearnalotofwordsfromthesebooks,butIhad________problemsmemorizingthem.
A.terriblyB.terrorC.terrifiedD.terrible
5.Moreandmorepeoplechoosetoshopinthesupermarkets,fortheyareespeciallyinterestedinthe_________ofgoodsonoffer.
A.priceB.varietyC.valueD.amount
6.Heiscooltowardsstrangers,butwithhisfriendshereally________.
A.comestolifeB.comesaboutC.comesupD.comesout
7.—Ihavebeenworkingfortenhours.
—_______youlookedtired.You’dbetterhavearest.
A.NoproblemB.NowonderC.NohurryD.Nomatter
8.Theorganizationwassetupto____theendangeredspeciesfromdyingout.
A.removeB.s
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