耶鲁大学第一讲英语txtWord格式文档下载.docx
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耶鲁大学第一讲英语txtWord格式文档下载.docx
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SolookatGame1andfilloutthatformforme,okay?
Sowhileyou'
refillingthatout,letmetellyoualittle
bitaboutwhatwe'
regoingtobedoinghere.
SowhatisGameTheory?
GameTheoryisamethodofstudyingstrategicsituations.
Sowhat'
sastrategicsituation?
Welllet'
sstartoffwithwhat'
snotastrategicsituation.
InyourEconomics-inyourIntroEconomicsclassin115or110,
yousawsomeprettygoodexamplesofsituationsthatwerenotstrategic.
Yousawfirmsworkinginperfectcompetition.
Firmsinperfectcompetitionarepricetakers:
theydon'
tparticularlyhavetoworryabout
theactionsoftheircompetitors.
Youalsosawfirmsthatweremonopolists
andmonopolistsdon'
thaveanycompetitorstoworryabout,
sothat'
snotaparticularlystrategicsituation.
They'
renotpricetakersbuttheytakethedemandcurve.
Isthislookingfamiliarforsomeofyouwhocanremember
doing115lastyearormaybetwoyearsagoforsomeofyou?
Everythinginbetweenisstrategic.
Soeverythingthatconstitutesimperfectcompetition
isastrategicsetting.
Thinkaboutthemotorindustry,themotorcarindustry.
FordhastoworryaboutwhatGMisdoingandwhatToyotaisdoing,
andforthemomentatleast
whatChryslerisdoingbutperhapsnotforlong.
Sothere'
sasmallnumberoffirmsandtheiractionsaffecteachother.
Soforaliteraldefinitionofwhatstrategicmeans:
it'
sasettingwheretheoutcomesthataffectyoudependonactions,
notjustonyourownactions,butonactionsofothers.
Allright,that'
sasmuchasI'
mgoingtosayforpreviewrightnow.
We'
regoingtocomebackandseeplentyofthis
overthecourseofthenextsemester.
SowhatIwanttodoisgetontowherethisapplies.
ItobviouslyappliesinEconomics,butitalsoappliesinpolitics,
andinfact,thisclasswillcountasaPoliticalScienceclass
ifyou'
reaPoliticalSciencemajor.
YoushouldgocheckwiththeDUSinPoliticalScience.Itcounts.
GameTheoryisveryimportantinlawthesedays.
Soforthoseofyou--forthehalfofyou
#NAME?
GameTheoryisalsousedinbiology
andtowardsthemiddleofthesemester
reactuallygoingtoseesomeexamplesof
GameTheoryasappliedtoevolution.
Andnotsurprisingly,GameTheoryappliestosport.
Solet'
stalkaboutabitofadmin.
Howareyoudoingonfillingoutthosegames?
Everyonemanagingtomultitask.
FillinginGame1?
Keepwriting.
Iwanttogetsomeadminoutoftheway
andIwanttostartbygettingoutoftheway
whatisobviouslytheelephantintheroom.
Someofyouwillhavenoticedthatthere'
sacameracrewhere,okay.
Soassomeofyouprobablyknow,
Yaleisundergoinganopeneducationproject
andthey'
revideoingseveralclasses,
andtheideaofthis,
istomakeeducationalmaterialsavailablebeyondthewallsofYale.
Infact,ontheweb,internationally,
sopeopleinplaces,maybeplacesintheU.S.
orplacesmilesaway,maybeinTimbuktuorwhatever,
whofinditdifficulttogeteducationalmaterials
fromthelocaluniversityorwhatever,
canwatchcertainlecturesfromYaleontheweb.
Someofyouwouldhavebeeninclassesthatdothatbefore.
What'
sgoingtodifferentaboutthisclassisthat
regoingtobeparticipatinginit.
Thewayweteachthisclassiswe'
regoingtoplaygames,
regoingtohavediscussions,we'
regoingtotalkamongtheclass,
andyou'
regoingtobelearningfromeachother,
andIwantyoutohelppeoplewatchingathometobeabletolearntoo.
Andthatmeansyou'
regoingtobeonfilm,attheveryleastonmike.
Sohow'
sthatgoingtowork?
AroundtheroomarethreeT.A.Sholdingmikes.
Letmeshowyouwheretheyare:
onehere,onehere,andonehere.
WhenIaskforclassroomdiscussions,
mgoingtohaveoneoftheT.A.Sgotoyouwithamicrophone
muchlikein"
Donahue"
Orsomething.Okay.
Atcertaintimes,you'
regoingtobeseenonfilm,
sothecameraisactuallygoingtocomearoundandpointinyourdirection.
NowIreallywantthistohappen.
Ihadtoargueforthistohappen,causeIreallyfeelthat
thisclassisn'
taboutme.
mpartoftheclassobviously,
butit'
saboutyouteachingeachotherandparticipating.
Butthere'
sacatch,thecatchis,
thatthatmeansyouhavetosignthatlegalreleaseform.
Soyou'
llseethatyouhaveinfrontofyoualegalreleaseform,
youhavetobeabletosignit,andwhatthatsaysisthat
wecanuseyoubeingshowninclass.
Thinkofthisasabadhairdayreleaseform.
Allright,youcan'
tsueYalelaterifyouhadabadhairday.
ForthoseofyouwhoareontherunfromtheFBI,
yourVisahasrunout,oryou'
resittingnexttoyourex-girlfriend,
nowwouldbeagoodtimetoputapaperbagoveryourhead.
Allright,nowjusttogetyouusedtotheidea,
ineveryclasswe'
regoingtohaveIthinkthesametwopeople,
soJudeisthecameraman;
whydon'
tyouallwavetoJude.
ThisisJudeokay.AndWesisouraudioguy:
thisisWes.
AndIwilltryandremembernotto
includeJudeandWesintheclassroomdiscussions,
butyoushouldbeawarethatthey'
rethere.
Now,ifthisismakingyounervous,
ifit'
sanyconsolation,it'
smakingmeverynervous.
So,allright,we'
lltryandmakethisclass
workassmoothlyaswecan,allowingforthisextrathing.
Letmejustsay,noone'
smakinganymoneyoffthis--
atleastI'
mhopingtheseguysarebeingpaid--
butmeandtheT.A.Sarenotbeingpaid.
Theaimofthis,thatIthinkisagoodaim,it'
saneducationalproject,
andI'
mhopingyou'
llhelpuswithit.
Theonedifferenceitisgoingtomean,isthat
attimesImightholdsomeofthediscussionsfortheclass,
comingdownintothispartoftheroom,here,
tomakeitalittleeasierforJude.
Allright,howarewedoingnowonfillingoutthoseforms?
Haseveryonefilledintheirstrategyforthefirstgame?
Notyet.Okay,let'
sgoondoingabitmoreadmin.
Thethingyoumostlycareabouti'
mguessing,isthegrades.
Allright,sohowisthegradegoingtoworkforthisclass?
30%oftheclasswillbeonproblemsets,
30%ofthegrade;
30%onthemid-term,
and40%onthefinal;
so30/30/40.
Themid-termwillbeheldinclassonOctober17;
thatisalsoinyoursyllabus.
Pleasedon'
tanybodytellmelate-
anytimeaftertodayyoudidn'
tknowwhenthemid-term
wasandthereforeitclasheswith17differentthings.
Themid-termisonOctober17,whichisaWednesday,inclass.
Allright,theproblemsets:
therewillberoughlytenproblemsets
lltalkaboutthemmorelateronwhenIhandthemout.
ThefirstonewillgooutonMondaybutitwillbeduetendayslater.
Roughlyspeakingthey'
llbeeveryweek.
Thegradedistribution:
allright,sothisistheroughgradedistribution.
Roughlyspeaking,asixthoftheclassaregoingtoendupwithA'
s,
asixtharegoingtoendupwithA-,
asixtharegoingtoendupwithB+,
asixtharegoingtoendupwithB,
asixtharegoingtoendupwithB-,
andtheremainingsixth,ifIaddedthatupright,
aregoingtoendupwithwhatIguesswe'
renowcalling
thepresidentialgrade,isthatright?
That'
snotliterallytrue.I'
mgoingtosqueezeitabit,
mgoingtocurveitabit,
soactuallyslightlyfewerthanasixthwillgetstraightA'
andfewerthanasixthwillgetC'
sandbelow.
llsqueezethemiddletomakethembemoreB'
s.
OnethingIcanguaranteefrompastexperienceinthisclass,
isthatthemediangradewillbeaB+.
ThemedianwillfallsomewhereintheB+'
s.
Justasforewarningforpeoplewhohaveforgottenwhatamedianis,
thatmeanshalfofyou--notapproximatelyhalf,
itmeansexactlyhalfofyou--
willbegettingsomethinglikeB+andbelow
andhalfwillgetsomethinglikeB+andabove.
Now,howareyoudoinginfillingintheforms?
Everyonefilledtheminyet?
Surelymustbeprettyclosetogettingeveryonefilledin.
Allright,solastthingstotalkabout
beforeIactuallycollectthemin-textbooks.
Therearetextbooksforthisclass.
Themaintextbookisthisone,Dutta'
sbookStrategyandGames.
Ifyouwantaslightlytougherbook,morerigorousbook,
tryJoelWatson'
sbook,Strategies.
Bothofthosebooksareavailableatthebookstore.
ButIwanttowarneverybodyaheadoftime,
Iwillnotbefollowingthetextbook.
Iregardthesebooksassafetynets.
Ifyoudon'
tunderstandsomethingthathappenedinclass,
youwanttoreinforceanideathatcameupinclass,
thenyoushouldreadtherelevantchaptersinthebook
andthesyllabuswilltellyouwhichchapterstoreadforeachclass,
orforeachweekofclass,allright.
ButIwillnotbefollowingthesebooksreligiouslyatall.
Infact,they'
rejustthereasbackup.
Inaddition,IstronglyrecommendpeoplereadThinkingStrategically.
Thisisgoodbedtimereading.Doanyofyousufferfrominsomnia?
It'
sverygoodbedtimereadingifyousufferfrominsomnia.
sagoodbookandwhat'
smore
there'
sgoingtobeaneweditiono
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