绿色建筑英译汉Greenbuilding.docx
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绿色建筑英译汉Greenbuilding.docx
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绿色建筑英译汉Greenbuilding
Greenbuilding
Greenbuilding (alsoknownas greenconstruction or sustainablebuilding)referstoastructureandusingprocessthatisenvironmentallyresponsibleandresource-efficientthroughoutabuilding'slife-cycle:
fromsitingtodesign,construction,operation,maintenance,renovation,anddemolition.Thisrequiresclosecooperationofthedesignteam,thearchitects,theengineers,andtheclientatallprojectstages. TheGreenBuildingpracticeexpandsandcomplementstheclassicalbuildingdesignconcernsofeconomy,utility,durability,andcomfort.
Althoughnewtechnologiesareconstantlybeingdevelopedtocomplementcurrentpracticesincreatinggreenerstructures,thecommonobjectiveisthatgreenbuildingsaredesignedtoreducetheoverallimpactofthebuiltenvironmentonhumanhealthandthenaturalenvironmentby:
Efficientlyusingenergy,water,andotherresources
Protectingoccupanthealthandimprovingemployeeproductivity
Reducingwaste,pollutionand
Asimilarconceptis ,whichisusuallyonasmallerscaleandtendstofocusontheuseof thatareavailablelocally. Otherrelatedtopicsinclude and.Sustainabilitymaybedefinedasmeetingtheneedsofpresentgenerationswithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds. Althoughsomegreenbuildingprogramsdon'taddresstheissueoftheretrofittingexistinghomes,othersdo.Greenconstructionprinciplescaneasilybeappliedtoretrofitworkaswellasnewconstruction.
A2020reportbythe.GeneralServicesAdministrationfound12sustainablydesignedbuildingscostlesstooperateandhaveexcellentenergyperformance.Inaddition,occupantsweremoresatisfiedwiththeoverallbuildingthanthoseintypicalcommercialbuildings
Reducingthe
Greenbuildingpracticesaimtoreducethe ofbuildings,sotheveryfirstruleis:
thegreenestbuildingisthebuildingthatdoesn'tgetbuilt.Newconstructionalmostalwaysdegradesabuildingsite,sonotbuildingispreferabletobuilding.Thesecondruleis:
everybuildingshouldbeassmallaspossible.Thethirdruleis:
donotcontributetosprawl(thetendencyforcitiestospreadoutinadisorderedfashion).Nomatterhowmuchgrassyouputonyourroof,nomatterhowmanyenergy-efficientwindows,etc.,youuse,ifyoucontributetosprawl,you'vejustdefeatedyourpurpose.Urbaninfillsitesarepreferabletosuburban"greenfield"sites.
Buildingsaccountforalargeamountofland.AccordingtotheNationalResourcesInventory,approximately107millionacres(430,000 km2)oflandintheUnitedStatesaredeveloped.The releasedapublicationthatestimatedthatexistingbuildingsareresponsibleformorethan40%oftheworld’stotalprimaryenergyconsumptionandfor24%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.
Goalsofgreenbuilding
Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentcanbetracedtotheenergy(especiallyfossiloil)crisisandtheenvironmentpollutionconcerninthe1970s. Thegreenbuildingmovementinthe.originatedfromtheneedanddesireformoreenergyefficientand constructionpractices.Thereareanumberofmotivesforbuildinggreen,includingenvironmental,economic,andsocialbenefits.However,modernsustainabilityinitiativescallforanintegratedandsynergisticdesigntobothnewconstructionandinthe ofexistingstructures.Alsoknownas ,thisapproachintegratesthebuildinglife-cyclewitheachgreenpracticeemployedwithadesign-purposetocreateasynergyamongthepracticesused.
Greenbuildingbringstogetheravastarrayofpractices,techniques,andskillstoreduceandultimatelyeliminatetheimpactsofbuildingsontheenvironmentandhumanhealth.Itoftenemphasizestakingadvantageof,.,usingsunlightthrough , ,and techniquesandusingplantsandtreesthrough , ,andreductionofrainwaterrun-off.Manyothertechniquesareused,suchasusingwoodasabuildingmaterial,orusingpackedgravelorpermeableconcreteinsteadofconventionalconcreteorasphalttoenhancereplenishmentofgroundwater.
Whilethepractices,ortechnologies,employedingreenbuildingareconstantlyevolvingandmaydifferfromregiontoregion,fundamentalprinciplespersistfromwhichthemethodisderived:
, , , , , ,and . Theessenceofgreenbuildingisanoptimizationofoneormoreoftheseprinciples.Also,withthepropersynergisticdesign,individualgreenbuildingtechnologiesmayworktogethertoproduceagreatercumulativeeffect.
Ontheaestheticsideof or isthephilosophyofdesigningabuildingthatisinharmonywiththenaturalfeaturesandresourcessurroundingthesite.Thereareseveralkeystepsindesigningsustainablebuildings:
specify'green'buildingmaterialsfromlocalsources,reduceloads,optimizesystems,andgenerateon-siterenewableenergy.
Lifecycleassessment(LCA)
A (LCA)canhelpavoidanarrowoutlookon
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