全国研究生考试英语一试题附答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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全国研究生考试英语一试题附答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6
theparticipants’susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing
7
tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome
8
withacold,andtheresearchers
9
thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging
10
about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect。
11
amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere
12
.
“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe
13
riskforcoldsthat’susually
14
withstress,"
notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie。
Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps
15
thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp
16
difficulty."
Someexperts
17
thestress-reducing,health—relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone”
18
itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies。
Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream。
Butsomeofit
19
inthebrain,whereit
20
mood,behaviorandphysiology。
1。
[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite
2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior
3.[A]view[B]host[C]lesson[D]choice
4.[A]avoid[B]forget[C]recall[D]keep
5。
[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving
6。
[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of
7.[A]devoted[B]attracted[C]lost[D]exposed
8.[A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out
9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated
10。
[A]served[B]restored[C]explained[D]required
11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even
12。
[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests
13。
[A]highlighted[B]increased[C]controlled[D]minimized
14.[A]presented[B]equipped[C]associated[D]compared
15.[A]assess[B]generate[C]moderate[D]record
16.[A]in
the
name
of[B]in
form
of[C]inthe
face
of[D]in
way
of
17。
[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return
18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until
19。
[A]remains[B]emerges[C]vanishes[D]decreases
20。
[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts。
AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.
(40points)
Text1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S。
airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.
Americansarewillingtotoleratetime—consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety。
ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:
WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'
economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.
Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried。
Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago’sO’HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious。
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline。
Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes。
Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked—baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis。
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:
EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram。
PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes。
ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved。
TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.
Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:
Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck’sfatalflaw。
Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel。
ButCongress
shouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines。
Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto_________.
[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks。
[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.
[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.
[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection。
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry—onbags.
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.
[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.
23.Theword“expedited"
(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto_________。
[A]quieter.
[B]cheaper。
[C]wider.
[D]faster。
24。
OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis_________。
[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.
[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.
[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebest
titleforthetext?
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety。
[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution。
[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines.
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes.
Text2
“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii’slastreigningmonarch,in1897。
StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday。
ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'
sviewofthecosmos.
AtissueistheTMT'
splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepikothatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'
smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity。
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation。
Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers。
Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld。
TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'
inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;
itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'
sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing。
Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes。
TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMauna—Kea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate。
ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars。
26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates_________。
[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy。
[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety。
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.
[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'
featsinhertime。
27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto_________。
[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.
[B]itsprotectivesurroundings。
[C]itsreligiousimplications.
[D]itsexistinginfrastructure。
28。
Thecon
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