单片机点阵制作心得Word文件下载.docx
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单片机点阵制作心得Word文件下载.docx
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2
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列(从左到右为)
列1
列2
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13
3
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测出引脚编号之后,就是巨量的工作了,要飞线将相应的教连在一起,最后用排针引出行和列的规则编号引脚,下图是焊好后点阵显示屏,一共飞了132跳线,工作量很大,当时焊这个用了不少时间,背面有点乱,目前市场上好像有做好的16*32点阵屏,之就不用自己飞线了,不过想挑战焊接难度的童鞋们,可以自飞线做,做出来之后很有成就感的,哈。
现实的部分搞定了,接下来就是控制部分,控制部分的主芯片我选用的是STC12C5AS60这款51单片机,看重的就是其内存大有64k,学过单片机的都知到单片机的i/o口可以直接驱动一些负载,像led发光二极管之类的,那这样能不能直接用单片机来驱动点阵呢?
开始时我就有些疑问,在网上看别人做的点阵都没有直接用单片机驱动的,要知道发光二极管的点亮电流在5-10mA,按最大电流算,点阵每一行都要亮起来就是10*32=320mA,远远超出了单片机的负载能力,所以要加一些驱动能力强的逻辑芯片。
由于逻辑芯片的驱动能力有限,为了保护电路,在行线上加了pnp型的8550三极管,让大电流到地上。
其中R为限流电阻,三极管起到开关作用,由于逻辑电平的0并非是最对的0v,一般都是稍高于0v,故B端为低电平是三极管导通。
接下来就是行列驱动芯片的选取,网上很多高手们用的都是移位寄存器74HC595这款芯片,采用的是数据串口发送方式,这样占用的i/o资源非常少,接线也少。
但对于595的操作方式不太习惯,以及减少编程的复杂度,就没有采用595这个芯片,而是采用行驱动用的是两片74HC245锁存器,操作简单,由于51单片机i/o资源不丰富,只有P0P1P2P3四组i/o口,列驱动要是也采用245,那么接口远远不够,所以就采用两片74HC145四到十六线译码器作为列驱动,这样列控制端仅占用一组i/o口,请看下面的原理图,图中只画出了接线图,单片机最小系统就没画,大家凑合着看吧。
图中可能大家注意了在154的两个使能端及cs1和cs2是接到单片机的引脚上,先留个悬念,后面解答。
以上介绍了点阵的工作原理及引脚连接图,现在说说硬件制作方面要注意的地方吧
在飞线焊显示屏时,最好将行和列用不同颜色的线加以区分,万一焊错了,也好检查电路,制作过程要求有足够的细心和耐心,千万不要急于求成,每天花点时间做,这样可以保证自己不会因疲倦而导致频繁出错。
尽量做到零错误,否则检查起来会很麻烦。
单个的点阵之间最好不要留缝隙,要注意点阵单元的平整,为了显示的美观。
最好控制和显示部分分别放在两块板子上,在点阵显示的时候就只看到点阵屏,更加美观,为追求简洁美观,我采用两块一样的板子叠在一起
一边用排针=引出接口,一块用排插引出接口,两块板子刚好可以插进去叠在一起,避免了使用杜邦线连接,这样简洁美观,正面是点阵屏,背面是控制部分,背面只留两个接口,一个5v电源插口,和一个下载接口。
下面给大家展示一下最后成品。
说完了硬件部分,再说说软件部分,首先行发送高电平信号,通过控制列B01~B32来使得在任何时刻只有唯一的列导通以点亮该列,当列切换的速度足够快时,由于人眼的视觉暂留现象,看上去整个屏都是亮的,这就是动态扫描的基本原理。
一个国标汉字是由16X16即256个点(像素)来构成的,显示一个汉字该亮哪些点这些复杂的工作都交给取模软件来完成(PCtoLCD2002这个取摸软件还可以),同时,取模软件也负责把要显示的汉字转化成程序中要用到的显示代码,代码以一定的规律表征了该亮的点(一般用“1”表示)与不该亮的点(一般用“0”表示),一共256位。
单片机负责将这些代码一段一段有规律地送到LED屏,比如第一次输出表示第1列的16位代码点亮第1列、紧接着再输出16位代码去点亮第2列……直到点亮第16列然后再重新点亮第1列……,如此循环,就完成了这个汉字的显示。
单片机输出的速度足够快时,由于视觉暂留现象使得人眼在同一时刻感受到了这16列输出的信息,也就是看到了这个汉字。
由于AT89S52单片机是8位总线结构,一次不能输出16位代码以显示完整的一列,这样我们把一个字拆分为上下两部分,一次送8位,一共送32次,这样同样完成了一个汉字的显示。
事实上这个汉字区域也可以是在256象素范围内的任何图形,。
点阵有三种扫描方式,分别是列扫描,行扫描,和点扫面,顾名思义,列扫描就是一列一列的进行扫描,行扫描就是一行一行的扫描,点扫描就不用说了,由于我硬件电路的选取是列采用145译码器,故列扫描较容易实现,写程序时还是采用列扫描。
再结合硬件电路来理解本文的LED屏:
显示代码是通过驱动电路送至LED屏的,列的切换则是通过译码器控制三极管VT1~VT32依次轮流导通来实现的,也就是列扫描。
由于译码器每次只能将输出口的一位置0,所以在显示完左半屏的字后,假如不关闭左半屏,而右半屏要接着显示后面的字,在滚动显示时,左半屏会出现乱码,所以要通过cs2置高电平,来关闭左半屏,同样在左半屏显示时要关闭右半屏,扫描的速度很快,加上人眼的视觉停留作用,看起来就是连续显示的。
下面附上我写的滚动显示汉字的程序程序,程序有一点小问题,希望对大家有所帮助。
/**************************************************************************************
16*32点阵滚滚动显示代码
行驱动采用两片74hc245锁存器,控制端接到P2,P0口;
列驱动采用两片74hc1544-16线译码器,
控制端接到P1口;
***************************************************************************************/
#include<
reg52.h>
#defineuintint
#defineucharchar
sbitcs1=P3^2;
sbitcs2=P3^3;
codeunsignedchardate[1200]=
{0x00,0x80,0x00,0x40,0xC0,0x37,0x40,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x40,0x14,0x7F,0x64,0x48,0x04,
0x48,0x14,0x48,0x64,0x48,0x04,0xC8,0x07,0x08,0x10,0x08,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
点"
0*/
0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xFF,0x02,0x08,0x22,0x10,0xDA,0x08,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x08,
0xB8,0x08,0x8F,0x08,0xE8,0xFF,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,/*"
阵"
1*/
0x10,0x04,0x60,0x04,0x02,0x7E,0x8C,0x01,0x00,0x20,0x24,0x10,0x94,0x08,0xCC,0xFC,
0xA5,0x42,0x96,0x24,0xC4,0x08,0x8C,0x15,0x14,0x22,0x24,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,/*"
滚"
2*/
0x40,0x10,0x44,0x3C,0xC4,0x13,0x44,0x10,0x44,0x14,0x44,0xB8,0x40,0x40,0x10,0x30,
0x10,0x0E,0xFF,0x01,0x10,0x40,0x10,0x80,0x10,0x40,0xF0,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
动"
3*/
0x40,0x80,0x48,0x60,0x48,0x1F,0x48,0x20,0xFF,0x7F,0x48,0x44,0x48,0x44,0x00,0x40,
0xC4,0x4F,0x44,0x50,0x44,0x50,0x44,0x50,0xFC,0x50,0x00,0x5C,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,/*"
起"
4*/
0x00,0x21,0x08,0x21,0x08,0x11,0x28,0x11,0xC8,0x09,0x08,0x05,0x08,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,
0x08,0x03,0x08,0x05,0x88,0x09,0x68,0x11,0x08,0x11,0x08,0x21,0x00,0x21,0x00,0x00,/*"
来"
5*/
0x00,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x02,0x40,0x02,0x80,0xE2,0x7F,
0x22,0x00,0x12,0x00,0x0A,0x00,0x06,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
了"
6*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x33,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
!
"
7*/
"
8*/
0x08,0x20,0xF8,0x3F,0x08,0x21,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x08,0x21,0xF8,0x3F,0x08,0x20,/*"
H"
9*/
0x00,0x20,0x00,0x3C,0xC0,0x23,0x38,0x02,0xE0,0x02,0x00,0x27,0x00,0x38,0x00,0x20,/*"
A"
10*/
0x08,0x20,0xF8,0x3F,0x08,0x21,0x08,0x01,0x08,0x01,0x08,0x01,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
P"
11*/
12*/
0x08,0x00,0x38,0x00,0xC8,0x20,0x00,0x3F,0xC8,0x20,0x38,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
Y"
13*/
14*/
15*/
0x80,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x30,0x42,0x1E,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0xFF,0x7F,
0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,/*"
生"
16*/
0x10,0x80,0x10,0x41,0xF0,0x22,0x1F,0x14,0x10,0x08,0x10,0x16,0xF0,0x61,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x7F,0x08,0x20,0x08,0x20,0x08,0x20,0xF8,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
如"
17*/
0x00,0x80,0x01,0x90,0x01,0x88,0xFD,0x45,0x55,0x4F,0x55,0x55,0x57,0x25,0x55,0x25,
0x55,0x25,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x4D,0xFD,0x45,0x01,0x80,0x01,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,/*"
夏"
18*/
0x04,0x04,0x04,0x02,0x04,0x01,0x84,0xFF,0x6F,0x00,0x04,0x10,0x04,0x08,0x04,0x04,
0xE4,0x3F,0x04,0x41,0x8F,0x40,0x44,0x40,0x24,0x40,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x78,0x00,0x00,/*"
花"
19*/
0x00,0x00,0x10,0x40,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x28,0x11,0x44,0x16,0x42,
0x10,0x41,0x90,0x40,0x50,0x40,0x30,0x40,0x10,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,/*"
之"
20*/
0x20,0x22,0x30,0x67,0xAC,0x22,0x63,0x12,0x10,0x12,0x20,0x00,0xD0,0x1F,0x4C,0x12,
0x4B,0x12,0x48,0x12,0xC8,0x5F,0x08,0x80,0x08,0x40,0xF8,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
绚"
21*/
0x80,0x80,0x70,0x60,0x00,0x18,0xFF,0x07,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x22,0x42,
0x2C,0x42,0x20,0x42,0x20,0x42,0x28,0x42,0x26,0x42,0x20,0x42,0x20,0x40,0x00,0x00,/*"
烂"
22*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x58,0x00,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
,"
23*/
0x02,0x02,0x02,0x81,0xC2,0x40,0x3E,0x21,0x22,0x1A,0x22,0x06,0xE2,0x01,0x02,0x00,
0xFE,0x3F,0x02,0x41,0x82,0x40,0x42,0x40,0x22,0x40,0x12,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
死"
24*/
25*/
0x24,0x08,0x24,0x06,0xA4,0x01,0xFE,0xFF,0x23,0x01,0x22,0x86,0x80,0x40,0x70,0x30,
0x00,0x0E,0xFF,0x01,0x00,0x06,0x80,0x18,0x40,0x20,0x30,0x40,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,/*"
秋"
26*/
0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x0F,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0xFC,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,
0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
叶"
27*/
28*/
0x44,0x00,0x54,0xFF,0x54,0x15,0x7F,0x55,0x54,0x95,0x54,0x7F,0x44,0x00,0x20,0x09,
0x28,0x49,0x27,0x89,0xE4,0x7F,0x34,0x09,0x2C,0x09,0xE0,0x1F,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,/*"
静"
29*/
0x00,0x81,0x04,0x89,0x24,0x89,0x24,0x49,0x25,0x49,0x26,0x29,0x24,0x19,0xFC,0x0F,
0x24,0x19,0x26,0x29,0x25,0x49,0x24,0x49,0x24,0x89,0x04,0x89,0x00,0x81,0x00,0x00,/*"
美"
30*/
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0x88,0x44,0x8C,0x44,0x8A,0x44,0x89,0x44,
0x88,0x44,0x88,0x44,0x88,0x44,0xF8,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
自"
0x00,0x01,0x80,0x00,0x60,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x01,
0xFF,0x3F,0x40,0x40,0x20,0x40,0x10,0x40,0x08,0x40,0x04,0x40,0x00,0x78,0x00,0x00,/*"
化"
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x42,0x7F,0x23,0xC9,0x12,0x49,0x8E,0x49,0x42,
0x49,0x32,0x49,0x0E,0x49,0x42,0x7F,0x82,0x00,0x42,0x00,0x3E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*"
易"
0x00,0x60,0xFE,0x1F,0x22,0x22,0xFE,0xBF,0x00,0x40,0xFE,0x3F,0x22,0x82,0xFE,0xFF,
0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x13,0x16,0x12,0x25,0x12,0x84,0x52,0xFC,0x82,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x00,/*"
鹏"
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//消除所有字显示完之后出现乱码
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
};
ucharcodescan[32]={0xff,0xee,0xdd,0xcc,0xbb,0xaa,0x99,0x88,0x77,0x66,0x55,0x44,0x33,0x22,0x11,0x00,
0xff,0xee,0xdd,0xcc,0xbb,0xaa,0x99,0x88,0x77,0x66,0x55,0x44,0x33,0x22,0x11,0x00};
/*voiddelay(z)
{uintx,y;
for(x=z;
x>
=0;
x--)
for(y=110;
y>
y--);
}
voiddanxian()
{uinti,j,s=0,a,e;
for(i=0;
i<
64;
)
{
for(j=0;
j<
=10;
j++)
{
for(a=0;
a<
{
delay(6);
P2=date[i+a];
a++;
P0=date[i+a];
//for(e=0;
e<
500;
e++)
P1=scan[s++];
if(s==16){cs2=1;
cs1=0;
}
if(s==32){cs2=0;
cs1=1;
s=0;
//if(a==32)a=0;
}
}
i=i+32;
}
*/
vo
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