大学英语2 第8课Word文档下载推荐.docx
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大学英语2 第8课Word文档下载推荐.docx
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oneformofcheating.As409studentsfiledoutoftheirexam,theyfound
allbutoneexitblocked.ProctorsaskedeachstudenttoproduceanIDcard
withanattachedphoto.Studentswhosaidthey'
dlefttheirsinthedormor
athomehadamugshottaken.Thepurposeofthecampaignwastocatch
"
ringers,"
studentswhotaketestsforotherstudents.
ThemajorityofstudentsattheUniversityofMarylandapplaudedthe
campaign.Thecampusnewspapereditorialsaid,"
Likepolicearresting
speeders,theintentisnottocatcheveryonebutrathertocatchenoughto
spreadtheword."
Wefrequentlyhearabout"
thegoodolddays,"
whenAmericanswere
better,happier,andmorehonest.Butweretheymorehonest?
Maybeyes,a
longtimeagowhenlifewasverydifferentfromwhatitistoday.
SchoolchildrenusedtoknowthestoryofhowAbrahamLincolnwalked
fivemilestoreturnapennyhe'
doverchargedacustomer.It'
sthekindof
storywethinkofasmyth.ButinthecaseofLincoln,thestoryistrue...
unlikethestoryofGeorgeWashingtonandthecherrytree.Washington'
s
firstbiographerinventedthetaleoflittleGeorgesayingtohisfather,
Icannottellalie.Ididitwithmyax."
Whatisimportantinboth
stories,however,isthathonestywasseenasanimportantpartofthe
Americancharacter.
Andthesearejusttwostoriesoutofmany.Studentsinthelastcentu-
ryusuallydidn'
tread"
fun"
stories.Theyreadstoriesthattaughtmoral
values.Suchstoriespointedoutquiteclearlythatchildrenwholied
cheated,orstolecametobadends.
Parentsmayhavefurtherreinforcedthosevalues.It'
sdifficultto
know.Wedoknowthatchildrendidn'
theartheirparentstalkofcheating
thegovernmentonincometaxes-thereweren'
tany.
AclueastowhyAmericansmayhavebeenmorehonestinthepastlies
intheAbeLincolnstory.Lincolnknewhiscustomer.Theybothlivedina
smalltown.Wouldacheck-outpersonatalargesupermarketreturnmoney
toacustomer?
It'
slesslikely.Ontheotherhand,wouldovernightguests
ataninnrunbyahusbandandwife,stealtowels?
slesslikely.
Perhapsthistellsusthatpeopleneedtoknowoneanothertobeat
theirhonestbest.
ThevastmajorityofAmericansstillbelievethathonestyisanimportant
partoftheAmericancharacter.Forthatreason,therearenumerous
watch-dogcommitteesatalllevelsofsociety.Althoughsignsofdishonesty
inschool,business,andgovernmentseemmuchmorenumerousinrecent
yearsthaninthepast,coulditbethatwearegettingbetteratrevealing
suchdishonesty?
Thereissomeevidencethatdishonestymayebbandflow.Whentimes
arehard,incidentsoftheftandcheatingusuallygoup.Andwhentimesget
bettersuchincidentstendtogodown.
Cheatinginschoolalsotendstoebbandflow.Butitdoesn'
tseem
linkedtotheeconomy.
Manyeducatorsfeelthatasstudentsgainconfidenceinthemselvesand
theirabilities,theyarelesslikelytocheat.Surprisingly,someefforts
topreventcheatingmayactuallyencouragecheating-apersonmayfeel
theydon'
ttrustmeanyway,"
andbetemptedto"
beatthesystem."
Distrust
canbecontagious.But,socantrust
Clickthebuttontolistentothepronunciationsofnewwords
NewWords
honestyn.
freedomfromdeceit,cheating,etc.诚实
stylen.
fashion时髦
polln.
surveyofpublicopinionbyputtingquestions
toarepresentativeselectionof
persons民意测验
admitv.
stateoragreetothetruthof;
confess
承认,供认
admissionn.
temptationn.
theactoftemptingorbeingtempted引诱,
诱惑
peekvi.
look(atsth.)quickly,esp.whenone
shouldnot偷看
behavio(u)rn.
wayofbehaving行为
behavev.
indicationn.
signorsuggestion迹象
competencyn.
ability;
beingcompetent能力;
胜任
diploman.
officialpapershowingthatapersonhas
successfullyfinishedacourseofstudy
orpassedanexamination文凭
correspondinga.
matching相应的
criminala,
ofcrime
misdemeano(u)rn.
crimethatislessseriousthan,for
example,stealingormurder轻罪
chargen.
accusation指控
possessvt.
have,own占有,拥有
advancea.
madeavailablebeforethedateofgeneral
publicationorrelease预先的
regentn.
memberofagoverningboard(学校董事会的)
董事
dropvt.
giveup;
discontinue放弃;
革除
traditionala.
oforaccordingtotradition传统的
traditionn.
requirementn.
sth.required;
sth.demandedasacondition
要求;
必要条件
prewrittena.
writtenbeforehand;
writteninadvance
psychologyn.
scienceofthemind心理学
psychologicala.
launchvt.
start,setgoing发起;
发动
campaignn.
seriesofplannedactivitiesforsome
specialpurpose运动
filevi
marchormoveinaline排成纵队行进
exitn.
wayoutofaplace出口(处)
proctorn.
监考人
IDcardn.
identitycard身份证
dormn.
(shortfor)dormitory宿舍
mugn.
thefaceormouth
shotn.
asinglephotograph
mugshotn.
(sl.)photographofaperson'
sface,used
forpurposesofidentification面部照片
ringern.
anypersonwhopretendstobeanother冒
名顶替者
applaudvt.
praiseesp.bystrikingone'
shands
together拍手称赞
campusn.
university;
thegroundsofauniversity,
college;
orschool大学;
校园
editorialn.
leadingarticle社论
arrestvt.
seize(sb.)inthenameofthelaw逮捕
speedern.
personwhodrivesanautomobileata
purpose;
intention.
frequentlyad.
atshortintervals,often频繁地
frequenta.
overchargevt.
chargetoomuch对…要价太高
customern.
personwhobuysgoodsfromashop,esp.
regularly顾客
mythn.
神话
unlikeprep.
notlike,differentfrom
cherryn.
樱桃
biographern
personwhowritesaboutanotherperson'
life传记作家
ax(e)n.
斧子
charactern.
mentalormoralqualitiesthatmakeone
person,race,etc.differentfromothers
性格,品质
morala.
concerningprinciplesofrightorwrong
道德的
reinforcevt.
encourageorstrengthen加强
taxn.
税
cluen.
sth.thathelpstofindananswertoa
question线索
check-outn.
deskwhereonepaysthebillofthegoods
onehaschosen结帐处
supermarketn.
largeshopwhereoneservesoneselfwith
foodandgoods超级市场
overnighta.
fororduringthenight住一夜的;
一整夜的
innn.
smallhotel小旅馆,客栈
toweln.
毛巾
vasta.
verybig
numerousa.
many
watch-doga.
organizedoractingasawatchfulguar-
dian,esp.againstunlawfulpractice起
监督作用的
dishonestyn.
thequalityofbeingdishonest
revealvt.
makeknown揭露
evidencen.
signorproof证据
ebbvi.
(ofthetide)flowbackfromthelandto
thesea;
growless;
becomeweakorfaint
落潮;
低落,衰退
flowvi.
(ofthetide)comein;
rise;
runorspread
smoothly(潮)涨;
上升;
流
incidentn.
event;
happening事件
theftn.
(theactof,aninstanceof)stealing
tendvi.
haveatendency易于,往往会
linkvt.
joinorconnect连接;
联系
economyn.
经济
anywayad.
atall;
inanycase究竟;
无论如何
temptvt.
attract(sb.)todosth.wrongorfoolish
引诱
systemn.
体制;
制度
systematica.
distrustn.
lackoftrust;
mistrust不信任,怀疑
contagiousa.
tendingtospreadeasilyfrompersonto
person传染的
Phrases&
Expressions
outofstyle
nolongerfashionable过时的,不再流行的
accordingto
asstatedorshownby;
inawaythatagreeswith
按照,根据
(be)facedwith
面对
bebardon
对…过分严厉
ontherise
increasingsteadily在增长;
在加剧
acaseinpoint
averygoodexample恰当的例子
allbut
allexcept除了…都
(be)differentfrom
unlike,notthesameas与…不同
thinkof...as
regardas
inthecaseof
就…来说,至于
cometo
arriveataparticularstateorposition变成(某
种状态)
liein
existin在于
ontheotherhand
fromtheopposedpointofview另一方面,反过来说
atone'
shest
inasgoodastateaspossible处于最佳状态
goup
rise;
increase上升;
增加
godown
fall;
decrease下降;
减少
ProperNames
StaciaRobbins
斯泰茜亚·
罗宾斯
Maryland
马里兰(
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