最实用的语法.docx
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最实用的语法.docx
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最实用的语法
Handbook
of
Grammar
语法手册
Catalogue
Unit1TenseandVoice3
Unit2Structure4
Lesson1句子成分4
Lesson2NominalClause6
SubjectiveClause6
ObjectiveClause8
PredicativeClause8
AppositiveClause9
Lesson3Attributiveclause11
Lesson4Adverbialclause15
一、时间状语从句15
二、地点状语从句17
三、原因状语从句17
四、目的状语从句19
五、结果状语从句19
六、条件状语从句20
七、让步状语从句22
八、比较状语从句24
九、方式状语从句27
Unit3NonfiniteVerb28
Lesson1Gerund29
Lesson2Infinitive37
Lesson3Participle47
分词作定语47
分词作状语51
Unit4句子的特殊现象55
Lesson1SubjunctiveMood55
Lesson2倒装59
Unit1TenseandVoice
时态和语态
Tense
Present
(现在)
Past
(过去)
Future
(将来)
Pastfuture
(过去将来)
Simple
(一般)
Continuous
(进行)
Perfect
(完成)
Perfectcontinuous
(完成进行)
Voice
Present
(现在)
Past
(过去)
Future
(将来)
Pastfuture
(过去将来)
Simple
(一般)
Continuous
(进行)
Perfect
(完成)
Perfectcontinuous
(完成进行)
Unit2Structure
Lesson1句子成分
英语中的五种基本句型
1.S+V
2.S+V+O
3.S+V+C
4.S+V+IO+DO
5.S+V+O+C
例:
1.Hedied.
2.Iloveyou.
3.Thedreamhascometrue.
4.Heshowedhispassporttotheguard.
5.Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.
知识点:
1.S=SubjectV=VerbO=ObjectIO=IndirectObjectDO=DirectObject
C=Complement
2.动词分为:
及物动词(vt.即transitiveverb)、不及物动词(vi.即intransitiveverb)和联系动词(linkingverb)
3.系动词的几类
单纯表示主语的特征、状态的
feel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear
Therosedoesn’tsmellmuch.
表示主语又一种状态转变为另一种状态
become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come
1)Oursuppliesofsugarandricefellshort.
我们的糖、米供应不足。
2)Thejokesfellflat.
玩笑毫无效果。
3)Ihavegottoreturnthebookthisafternoon;itfallsoverdue.
我们今天下午得还书,已经过期一周了。
4)falldue到期
5)fallasleep睡着
6)gohungry饿了,挨饿
7)gomad变疯了
8)gobad坏掉了
9)gocrazy变得疯狂
10)gosour变酸
11)gowrong出错了
12)Hopeyourdreamwillcometrue.
祝你好梦成真
表示主语保持某种状态的
continue,remain,stay,keep,hold,rest,prove
1)Theweathercontinuefineforseveraldays.
天气连续几天都很晴朗。
2)Hehasfallenintothehabitofdoingmorningexercisestostayhealthy.
为了保持健康,他已经养成了晨练的习惯。
3)Ifyoudon’tstaybusy,youdie.Idon’twanttodierightnow.
如果你不辛勤忙碌,就等于死亡,我可不想现在就死去。
4)Heheldsilentforthewholeday.
他一整天都沉默不语
5)Youmayrestassuredthathewillcometotheparty.
尽管放心,他回来参加聚会的。
4.双宾语动词
1)assign,award,bring,deliver,deny,feed,give,grant,hand,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,post,read,recommend,sell,send,show,take,write.
2)book,buy,build,change,choose,cook,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order,prepare,sing
3)charge,cost,bet
●I’llbetyoutendollars.
●Therepairmanchargedmetendollars.
5.复合宾语动词
appoint,believe,call,choose,consider,declare,elect,feel,find,keep,leave,let,make,name,nominate,prove,see,suppose,vote.
●TheyappointedJohnchairman.
●Youleavethedooropen.
●Thechairmandeclaredthemeetingover.
●Ibelievehimtobetrue.
Lesson2NominalClause
(名词性从句)
名词性从句的引导词
连词that
连词whether,if
连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose
连接副词when,where,why,how
SubjectiveClause
主语从句
Itisbeyonddisputethattheplatesaremoving.
ItisanundoubtedfactthatEnglishisveryimportant.
Itisobviousthathedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.
Itiscommonknowledgethatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflight.
常见主语从句句型:
Itis+PastParticiple+thatclause
It’sreportedthat…
Itisgenerallythoughtthat…
Ithasbeenfoundthat…
It’sbelievedthat…
Itshouldbenotedthat…
Itmustbepointedoutthat…
Itis+adjective+thatclause
Itisclearthat…
Itislikelythat…
Itiscertainthat…
Itisfortunatethat….
Itispossiblethat…
Itisnaturethat…
Itisstrangethat…
Itisnecessarythat…
ItistruethatEnglishhasbecominganinternationallanguage.
Itis+nominalphrase+thatclause
Itisapitythat…
Itisgoodnewsthat…
Itisnowonderthat…
Itisanhonorthat…
Itismybeliefthat…
Itisafactthat…
Itisagoodthingthat…
Itisashamethat…
Itiscommonknowledgethat…
Itisamiraclethat…
Itisashamethatyoudidn’tpassthetest.
Itiscommonknowledgethataflashoflighteningisseenbeforeaclapofthunderisheard.
一般疑问句做主语
Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifferencetome.
Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.
特殊疑问句作主语
Whatweneediswhollynewkindofpoliceforce.
Whathetoldyouistrue.
Whenthemeetingistobeheldhasnotyetbeendecided.
Whyherefusedtocooperatewithusisstillamystery.
Howapersonmastershisfateismoreimportantthanwhathisfateis.
September11,2001startedoutasanordinaryday,butwhathappenedthatmorningwillbeforeveretchedinourmemories.
ObjectiveClause
宾语从句
Weknow(that)theworldisround.
I
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