史上最全高中英语语法归纳总结docWord下载.docx
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史上最全高中英语语法归纳总结docWord下载.docx
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a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.谋杀案是在早上发生的。
(强调句型)d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎的窗户。
(强调句型)2.用it作形式主语的结构
(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识
(2)Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
正确表达:
ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.错误表达:
ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.错误表达:
Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.错误表达:
Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
错误表达:
Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?
4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。
a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如:
Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。
(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:
a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么。
b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2.作介词的宾语,例如:
Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3.作形容词的宾语,例如:
Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:
that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。
也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。
4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
如:
Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.错误表达:
Iadmirethattheywonthematch.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。
Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.错误表达:
Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.7.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。
引导表语从句的that常可省略。
另外,常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。
1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;
同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)高一英语名词性从句专项练习1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyis____makesthingworkA.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Inationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thisis___theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;
hadtoleaveB.that;
shouldleaveC./;
mustleaveD.when;
shouldleave9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;
thatB.It;
thatC.there;
whetherD.It;
whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14.?
?
_____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.A.What;
whatB.That;
thatC.what;
thatD.That;
what18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:
一、It用作实词表达以下概念:
指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this,that;
替代前文中的内容;
指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;
指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;
指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It作形式主语的常见句型:
1.代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为
(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词:
easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.
(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词:
kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Itsnogood/usedoing…Its(well)worthdoing…Its(well)worthoneswhiledoing/todo…Its(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1)Itis+noun+从句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.
(2)Itisadj.+clauseItssurprisingthat…(should)………竟然……Itsapity/shamethat…(should)………竟然……例Itsimportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=Itsofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)(3)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that…例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that…=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(5)Itisv-edthat…=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know)例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat…(should)…(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.三、It作主语的句型1.Ittakessb.…todo…(=sbtakes…todo…)某人用多长时间做某事例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)2.Its(just)(un)likesb.todo…(不)像某人做某事的风格例Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.3.Its(about/high)timethat…should/v-ed…是该做某事的时候了例Its(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.4.Itsthex-thtime(that)…havev-ed…第几次做某事了例Itsthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.5.Itis/hasbeen…since…continuousv-ed(延续性动词)某动作已有多长时间不发生了例Its10yearsthathelivedhere6.Itwas(not)…before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.四、It作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It作形式宾语的常见句型:
1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyoulldothetaskonyourown.2.verb+it+adj./noun(ones)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthoneswhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Illmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat…(should)…verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat…(should)…(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.5.v.+it+prep.+that…oweittosb.that…把…归功于…leaveittosbthat…把…留给某人去做takeitforgrantedthat…想当然keepitinmindthat…例Dontbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.6.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,尤其是表示好恶的动词后,enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,dontmind,befondof,feellike,seeto宾语从句紧跟it之后例IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcant.7.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面,宾语从句紧跟it之后(exceptthat例外)例Imforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.五、强调句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who)…强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。
当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:
1.请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句例Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity?
2.在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntcometoschoolyesterday.3.在强调not…until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别例Itwasat7oclockthathecamehereyesterday.(强调句型)Itwas7oclockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定语从句)六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit
(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:
成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例Itshardtom
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