职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案051410Word文档下载推荐.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案051410Word文档下载推荐.docx
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freedom,familyandcommunitylife"
.
Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice,trafficcongestion(拥挤),genderinequality,andthehighcostofliving,Irelandscoredanimpressive8.33pointsoutof10.
Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.Zimbabwe,troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest(最差的),pickinguponly3.89points.
"
Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued,"
thereportsaid,"
someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernizationsuchasthebreakdownintraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact.
Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife."
Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.
No.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.
TheUKispositionedatNo.29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics.TheUS,whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDPafterLuxembourg,tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey.Chinawasinthelowerhalftheleagueat60th.
For2,005years,Irelandhasbeenthebestplaceforhumanstolivein.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
句子中的时间状语结构恰恰就是我们所说的一种可作为线索的特征结构(因为数字容易在文章中被查找到),我们利用2,005作为答案线索,在文章中找到答案相关句中提到的是“for2005(对2005年而言)”,不是问题句中说的“for2,005years(在2005年的时间里)”,而且画线结构说“爱尔兰2005年被选为世界上最适合居住的地方”,显然这个内容与问题句的内容不一致,判断问题句的说法错误。
2、HumanHeartCanMakeNewCells
Solvingalongstandingmystery,scientistshavefoundthatthehumanheartcontinuestogeneratenewcardiaccellsthroughoutthelifespan,althoughtherateofnewcellproductionslowswithage.
Thefinding,publishedintheApril3issueofScience,couldopenanewpathforthetreatmentofheartdiseasessuchasheartfailureandheartattack,expertssay.
Wefindthatthebeatingcellsintheheart,cardiomyocytes,arerenewed,"
saidleadresearcherDr.JonasFrisen,aprofessorofstemcellresearchattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholm,Sweden."
Ithaspreviouslynotbeenknownwhetherwewerelimitedtothecardiomyocyteswearebornwithoriftheycouldberenewed,"
hesaid.
Theprocessofrenewingthesecellschangesovertime,Frisenadded.Ina20-year-old,about1percentofcardiomyocytesareexchangedeachyear,buttheturnoverratedecreaseswithagetoonly0.45percentbyage75,
Ifwecanunderstandhowthegenerationofnewcardiomyocytesisregulated,itmaybepotentiallypossibletodeveloppharmaceuticalsthatpromotethisprocesstostimulateregenerationafterforexample,aheartattack,"
Frisensaid.
Thatcouldleadtotreatmentthathelpsrestoredamagedhearts.
Alotofpeoplesufferfromchronicheartfailure,"
notedco-authorDr.RatanBhardwaj.
RatanBhardwaj,alsofromtheKarolinskaInstitute."
Chronicheartfailurearisesfromheartcellsdying,"
Withthisfinding,scientistsare"
openingthedoortopotentialtherapiestohavingourselveshealourselves,"
Bhardwajsaid."
Maybeonecoulddeviseapharmaceuticalagentthatwouldmakeheartcellsmakenewandmorecellstoovercometheproblemtheyarefacing."
Butbarriersremain.AccordingtoBhardwaj,scientistsdonotyetknowhowtoincreaseheartcellproductiontoaratethatwouldreplacecellsfasterthantheyaredyingoff,especiallyinolderpatientswithheartfailure.Inaddition,thenumberofnewcellstheheartproduceswasestimatedusinghealthyhearts-whethertherateofcellturnoverindiseasedheartsisthesameremainsunknown.
Inpeopleintheirmid-70s,only0.45percentofcardiomyocytes____.【单选题】
A.arestillfunctional
B.arereducedeachyear
C.arereplacedeachyear
D.aredamagedeachyear
C
第四段说,一个人20岁时,其每年被更替的心肌细胞为1%,随着年龄的增长,该更替率(turnoverrate)不断下降,等到75岁时,只有0.45%。
3、Earlychildhoodeducation
InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofindinmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondentslisted"
togivechildrenagoodstartacademically"
asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.
IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented(强调个性发展的)Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.
LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren'
schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.
MostAmericanssurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto____.【单选题】
A.problemsolving
B.groupexperience
C.parentalguidance
D.individually-orienteddevelopment
这道题从第二段的第二句可以直接选出答案B。
4、LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears
Ahundredyearsago,lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47intheearly21stcentury,menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74.Womentoabout80,andtheseagesarerisingallthetime.Whathasbroughtaboutthesechanges?
Whenwelookatthelifespanofpeople100yearsago,weneedtolookatthegreatestkillersofthetime.Intheearly20thcentury,theseweretheacuteandoften
____infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers,andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk.
Inthedevelopedworldthesediseasesarefarlessdeadlytoday,andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberoffactorshaveledtothis:
improvementsinsanitationandhygiene,thediscoveryanduseofantibiotics,whichmakebacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous,andvaccinationsagainstcommondiseases.Inaddition,people'
sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:
cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood,betterandwarmerhousing,andbetterunderstandingofnutrition.
Genetically,weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85butwhilepeopledolivelongertoday,therearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingUSfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses,suchasheartdiseaseandstrokes,andthosespreadbyviruses,suchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcourse,cancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffectolderpeople,butthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesityleadingtomoreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages.
Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"
lifestylediseases"
whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress.
【单选题】
A.more
B.less
C.high
D.highly
D
本句举了天花的例子,下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病,所以此处应为一个表严重的词。
high是形容词,不能修饰后面的形容词。
acute不是比较级,所以and后面也不应用比较级。
5、Nurse!
IWantMyMummy
Whenachildisillinhospital,aparent'
sfirstreactionistobewiththem.
Mosthospitalsnowallowparentstosleepovernightwiththeirchild,providingabedorsofarontheward.
Butuntilthe1970sthispracticewasnotonlyfrownedupon,itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staffworriedthatthechildrenwereupsetwhentheirparentsleft,andsotherewasablanketban.
Aconcernednurse,PamelaHawthorn,disagreedandherstudy"
Nurse!
Iwantmymummy"
publishedin1974,changedthefaceofpaediatricnursing.
MartinJohnson,aprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalford,saidthattheworkofnurseslikePamelahadchangedthefaceofpatientcare.
Pamela
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