最新商务英语名词解释Word文档格式.docx
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最新商务英语名词解释Word文档格式.docx
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Franchise
—经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.
8.Purchasingpower
—购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.
9.
PPP
—购买力平价purchasingpowerparity
10.
tariff
—关税taxleviedbythecustoms
11.barrierstotrade
—贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.
12.primarycommodities
—初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials
13.drawback
—退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported
14.specificduties
—从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods
15.advaloremduties
—从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods
16.carriage
—运费thepriceorcostoftransportation
17.voluntaryoffer
—主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer
18.contractingparties
—缔约方signatoriesofanagreement
19.forcemajeure
—[不可抗力]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty
20.firmoffer
—持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer
21.offeree
—受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade
22.hyperinflation
—极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol
23.inflation
—通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.
24.protectionism
—贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports
25.bilateral
—双边的oftwosides
26.bundling
—捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether
27.creditors
—债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney
28.debtor
—债务人apersonwhoowesmoney
29.default
—违约failtocarryoutanobligation
30.draft
—汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney
31.remittance
—汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent
32.drawer
—出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter
33.drawee
—受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn
34.credit-worthiness
—资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpayment
35.applicantofanL/C
—出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C
36.beneficiary
—受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport
37.confirmingbank
—保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C
38.reimburse
—退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent
39.cleancredit
—光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpayment
40.sightcredit
—即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft
41.middleman
—中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer
42.consignee
—收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshipped
43.shippingmarks
—唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation
44.insurancepolicy
—保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks
45.title
—抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty
46.insured
—被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy
47.premium
—保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract
48.potentialloss
—潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur
49.claim
—索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy
50.margin
—利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary
51.underwriter
—保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness
52.invoice
—发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice
pensation
—赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss
54.pooling
—联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage
55.multi-modaltransportation
—多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair
56.redeem
—兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock
57.settlement
—结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc
58.exchangerate
—汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrency
59.moneycirculation
—货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices
60.devaluation
—货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies
61.reserve
—储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand
62.investment
—投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns
63.quota
—配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity
64.VER
—自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry’sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountry
65.intellectualproperty
—知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right
66.taxholiday
—免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied
67.jointventure
—合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms
68.gilts
—金边债券stocksissuedbygovernment
69.cost-effective
—成本效益好producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure
70.anti-dumping
—反倾销oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured
71.mandate
—授权authoritygiventoperformaduty
72.contractingparty
—缔约国acountryorfirmthatsignsalegalagreement
73.Visibletrade有形贸易
:
Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.(includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade)
74.Invisibletrade无形贸易
Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.
75.FDI(foreigndirectinvestments)
ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.
76.Portfolioinvestment证券投资
Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.
77.Bonds债券:
Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.
78.Licensing许可经营
Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.
79.Franchising特许经营
afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
80.Franchiser特许方
Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
81.Franchisee被特许方
Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.
82.GNP国民生产总值
GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.
83.GDP国内生产总值
GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.
84.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值
ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.
85.Incomedistribution收入分布
Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.
86.Freetradearea自由贸易区
Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy
87.Customsunion关税同盟
Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicy
88.Commonmarket共同市场
Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.
89.EconomicUnion(EU)经济同盟
Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.
90.ParentMNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司,总部
istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.
91.Homecounty母国
Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.
92.Hostcountry东道国
Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.
93.Absoluteadvantage绝对利益
Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources(capital,landandlabor)
100.Comparativeadvantage比较利益
Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.
1..Internationaltrade国际贸易
Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.
2.Importduties进口关税
Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea
3.Exportduties出口关税
Taxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea
4.Most-favored-nation(MFN)treatment最惠国待遇
Atarifftreatmentunde
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