被动语态总结.docx
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被动语态总结.docx
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被动语态总结
被动语态复习
A.熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
其具体变化为:
一般现在时:
am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时:
was/were+p.p.
一般将来时:
shall/willbe+p.p.
现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+p.p.
现在进行时:
am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去将来时:
should/wouldbe+p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构:
情态动词+be+p.p.例如:
①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.
A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken
②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.
A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells
③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.
A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have
B.明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况:
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2.强调动作的承受者。
例如:
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
Thetree____________bythatboy.
C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。
(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
例如:
①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.
Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同义句)
②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables(改为被动语态)
Where______vegetables______
D.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
例如:
①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)
→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:
Astorywastoldtousbyhim.
②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)
Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.
2.短语动词的被动语态:
在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。
例如:
①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary.
A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway
②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)
Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).
3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。
注意:
省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。
例如:
SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动)
He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.
4.不定式的被动结构:
动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。
例如:
Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.
A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:
应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。
例如:
Whohasbrokenthecup(改为被动语态)→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken
E.注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
1)含义不同:
被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。
试比较:
Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。
(系表结构)
Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。
(被动语态)
2)用法不同:
过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。
试比较:
Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大兴趣。
(系表结构)
IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。
(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:
1.becoveredwith被……覆盖
2.bemadeof由……制作(发生物理变化)bemadefrom由……制作(发生化学变化)
bemadein由(某地)制造bemadeby被(某人)制造
3.beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作(作为)……来使用beusedtodosth.被用来做某事
4.Itissaidthat...据说……Itishopedthat...希望……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……例如:
①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton—Yes.It's_________Shanghai.
A.madeof;madebyB.madeof;madeinC.madefor;madebyD.madefor;madein
②Thismachineisused______theroomwet.
A.forkeepingB.askeepingC.keepD.tokeeping
③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.
几种特殊的被动语态
1.带不定式的被动语态。
Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。
2.带介词的动词短语的被动语态。
Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.这件事前所未闻。
3.带副词的动词短语的被动语态。
Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.收音机刚刚被关上。
4.当sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,badly来修饰时,用主动形式表达被动意义。
Thepenwriteswell.这枝钢笔写字流畅。
Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题
( )anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear
A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build
( )2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened
( )(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow
( )4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.
A.isvisited B.willbevisited C.hasbeenvisited D.wasvisited
( )5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives
( )6.Howmanytrees____thisyear
A.areplanted B.willplant C.havebeenplanted D.planted
( )lotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoing B.arebeingdone C.hasbeendone D.willbedone
( )___thiskindofcomputers______--Lastyear.
A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used
( )GreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown
( )_____thisbook_____
A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written
( )story_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldus B.wastoldtous C.istoldus D.toldus
( )monkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump
( )schoolbag___behindthechair.
A.puts B.canbeput C.canbeputted D.canput
( )people____well.
A.looksafter B.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter
( )teacher______carefully.
A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelisten C.belistened D.islistened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.
tohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.
language_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld
lostboy_____________(notfind)sofar.
yearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.
6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.
8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.
9.What_______knives ______(make)ofThey_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.
10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary
11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.
12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.
13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.
14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.
三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。
teagrowninSouthChina(改为主动语态)
_______people_________teainSouthChina
amgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句转换)
Abirthdaypresent_______ _______ _______ _______bymyparentseveryyear.
3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)
How_______ _______theworkgoingtobefinished
4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong______ ______ _______bythechildren.
5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)
It______ ________ ________byyounow.
6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal________ _________ _______makingmachines.
7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
I______ ________ ________ ______thatforhim.
8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.
Thefootballmatch_______ _______ _______ bythem.
9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago(改为被动语态)
__________abridge____________herebythemayearago
10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)
Thelightgreendresses________ _________ ___________out.
11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)
Thegame_______ ________“Lianliankan”byus.
四、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词。
(1×10=10分)
①Thenewbike______________ _____ _____(买给我)bymyparentsasapresentlastweek.
②_______yourmobilephone_______ _______ ________(是国产的吗)
③Thewholemountainis_________ _________(覆盖)thesnow.
强化训练
1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner.
A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;haveC.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;haveto
2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.
A.developed B.havedevelopedC.arebeingdeveloped D.willhavebeendeveloped
3.-____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.–Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetold C.I'mtoldtold
4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.
A.hascompletedB.completes C.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted
5.Rainforests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
A.cutB.arecut C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut
6.Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.
A.hasbeendesigned B.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesigned D.wouldbedesigned
7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.
A.breaksB.hasbroken C.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken
8.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.
A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetup
C.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup
9.Thatsuit_______over60dollars.
A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost
10.-Look!
Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for
A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuilt C.isbuiltD.isbuilding
youlikethematerial-Yes,it___verysoft.
A.isfeelingB.felt C.feelsD.isfelt
12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_______Chinese.
A.writeB.towrite C.tobewrittenD.written
13.Ihavenomoreletters_______,thankyou.
A.totypeB.typing C.tobetypedD.typed
14.Takecare!
Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_______easily.
A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout
15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto________.
A.beputupB.givein C.beturnedonD.goout
16.Thecomputersonthetable_______ProfessorSmith.
A.belongsB.arebelongedto
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