新高考版高考英语二轮复习第一编一阅读理解题型四主旨大意题练习新人教版.docx
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新高考版高考英语二轮复习第一编一阅读理解题型四主旨大意题练习新人教版.docx
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新高考版高考英语二轮复习第一编一阅读理解题型四主旨大意题练习新人教版
题型四 主旨大意题
语篇出处:
原创 语篇类型:
记叙文 主题语境:
学校生活
IwasninewhenIarrivedattheChildren'sHomeinNashua,NewHampshire,in1965.Ifailedthirdgradethatyear,barelymadeitthroughasecondtime,andhadmerelypassedthroughfourthgradebythetimeIreachedPaulineJambard'sfifthgradeclassatCharlotteAvenueElementarySchool.
IbelievedIwasn't“smart”andpopularliketheotherkids,andIhopedIcouldmakeitthroughfifthgrade.MsJambardtookaninstantlikingtome.Ofallthesubjectsinschool,readingwasmyfavorite.Shewouldtellme,“Terry,youkeepreading.Ifyoucanunderstandwhatyou'rereading,you'llbesmarterthanmostkids.”AfterIreadallthebooksinourprogram,Istartedreadingtheclassroom'ssetofEncyclopaediaBritannica.Icouldn'tfindenoughtoread,andIstartedtoreallylikeschool.
ThatDecember,thechildren'shomethrewaChristmaspartyforfamilyandcommunitymembers.MybrotherandIhadnofamilytoinvite.IstillrememberlookingupandseeingMsJambardwalkthroughthefrontdoorsofthechildren'shomeandIrealizedthatshewasthereonbehalfofmyparent.ThatmademefeelitwasthebestChristmasofmylife.
Wehavestayedintouch,andIcallPaulineatleastonceayear.Becauseoftheconfidencesheinstilled(灌输)inme,Iwentontohaveasuccessfulcareerinengineering
题1:
题干关键词为“thewriter'sformerschooling”,根据文中细节“failedthirdgrade”“barelymadeitthroughasecondtime”“hadmerelypassedthroughfourthgrade”“Iwasn't‘smart’andpopularliketheother
andlawengagement.Idon'tknowifPaulinerealizeshowmuchshehelpedme,butI'llneverforgetherkindnessandfaithinme.Itreatherasmyfamilymember.
1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethewriter'sformerschooling?
A.Hewasfondofreading.
B.Hepassedalltheexamseasily.
C.Hewassmarterthanmostkids.
D.Hewaspopularamongstudents.
2.HowdidPaulineJambardhelpthewriterimprovestudies?
A.Takegoodcareofthewriter.
B.Helphimwithallthesubjects.
C.Guidehimtoreallylikeschool.
D.Advisehimtodomorereading.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?
A.Thewriter'smakingitthroughfifthgrade.
B.Thewriter'slookingupandseeingMsJambard.
C.MsJambard'sattendingthepartyashisparent.
D.Theschool'sthrowingaChristmaspartyforthem.
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?
A.OneofMyRespectedTeachers
B.PaulineJambardBecameMyFamily
C.MyFavoriteTeacheratPrimarySchool
D.TheTeacherTaughtMeKindnessandFaithkids”以及“Ofallthesubjectsinschool,readingwasmyfavorite.”可知选A。
题2:
题干关键词为“How...improvestudies”,由文中细节“Terry,youkeepreading.Ifyoucanunderstandwhatyou'rereading,you'llbesmarterthanmostkids.”可知老师建议作者多读书。
选D。
题3:
从本段可知,学校举办晚会,作者没有家庭成员可以邀请,而MsJambard代表他的家长出席晚会,这使作者认为这是他一生中最棒的圣诞节。
选C。
题4:
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是作者在小学时的经历。
由于成绩不好,每次都勉强升级,作者认为自己不聪明。
遇到五年级的老师以后,老师鼓励他多读书,并且老师代表他的家长参加了圣诞聚会;老师给作者灌输的自信铸就了作者日后的事业成功,所以作者把老师看作自己的家人。
选B。
考法1 标题归纳题——“精准定位”法
典例片段 (2019·安徽押题卷)IfyouhadtoguesswhichdirectionApplewouldbeheadedin2019,whatmightyousay?
Thecompany'siPhonebusinesshasbeenstricken....
...
Butwhat'smorelikelytohappenisthis:
iPhoneswillgetevenmoreexpensive....
...
...Forthefuture,Applewillcontinuetoputmoreemphasisonthosecategories.Andlookingevenfurtherout,itisalmostcertainthatApplewillenternewsectors.
Applehasmadesomemistakesinitspoliciesinrecentyears.Butthecompanyisnotdownandout.Farfromit:
Byfocusingonhighend,highprofittech,plusservices,allwhilekeepinganeyeonthefuture,Applewilllikelykeepitsdominantpositionformanyyearstocome.
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.iPhonesWillBeMoreExpensive
B.TheAdvantagesApplesWillHave
C.iPhonesWillWorkHarder
D.AppleIsFacingDifficulty
第一步 主旨大意:
议论文。
苹果手机销售出现低谷,但作者认为苹果手机的价格会越来越高。
第二步 原因分析:
通过专注于高端、高利润的技术和服务,同时着眼于未来,苹果很可能在未来的许多年里保持其主导地位。
第三步 对比选项:
“手机的价格会越来越高”与选项A中的信息一致,故选A。
考法2 段落大意题——“首尾兼顾”法
典例片段 (2019·山东泰安模考)Cafesareeverywherethesedays,offeringasmanyvarietiesofcoffeeastherearewaystohaveitserved.Andthisleadstoarangeofprices,fromcheapgrabandgocoffee,totheultraexpensiveartisanalcoffee(匠人咖啡).However,anincreasingnumberofWesternconsumersarehappytopayalittlemorefortheircupinordertoensurethatitcomesfromanethically(道德地)producedandsustainablesource.
...
WhatdoesParagraph1focuson?
A.Thevarietiesofcoffee.
B.Therangeofcoffeeprices.
C.Thepopularityofartisanalcoffee.
D.Thereasonforcustomerstopaymoreforcoffee.
第一步 段首信息:
咖啡馆琳琅满目,咖啡种类繁多,价格不一。
第二步 段尾定位:
越来越多的西方消费者宁愿多付钱确保生产的道德性和可持续发展性。
第三步 对比分析:
A、B、C三项都是顾客愿意出高价购买的原因。
D项具有概括性,故选D。
考法3 文章大意题——“主题归纳”法
典例片段 (2019·山东临沂模考)Abouttenmenineveryhundredsufferfromcolorblindnessinsomeway....
Therearedifferentformsofcolorblindness...
Colorblindnessinhumanbeingsisastrangethingtoexplain....
Someinsectshavefavoritecolors....Inasimilarwayhumanbeingsalsohavefavoritecolors.Yetwearelucky.Withtheaidoftheconesinoureyeswecanseemanybeautifulcolorsbyday,andwiththeaidoftherodswecanseeshapesatnight.Onedaywemayevenlearnmoreabouttheinvisiblecolorsaroundus.
Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Coloranditssurprisingeffects.
B.Womenbeingluckierthanmen.
C.Dangercausedbycolorblindness.
D.Someinformationoncolorblindness.
第一步 首段主旨:
10%的男人有不同程度的色盲。
第二步 段落大意:
主要介绍关于色盲的信息:
色盲有不同形式;色盲这种现象很难解释清楚;昆虫与人类都有喜欢的颜色,人在晚上可以看到形状。
第三步 对比选项:
文中信息“colorblindness”与选项D中的信息一致,故选D。
(2019·山东潍坊模考)语篇类型:
说明文 主题语境:
植物
Plantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiestoavoidbeingeaten.Somecurluptheirleaves;othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadiftheysenseanimalsdrooling(垂涎)onthem,chewingthemuporlayingeggsonthem—allsignalsofanattack.Newresearchnowshowssomefloracanfeelaplant-eatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepareapreemptive(抢先的)defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.
WhenecologistJohnOrroekoftheUniversityofWisconsin—Madisonsprayedsnailslime—aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong—intosoil,nearbytomatoplantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme(生化酶),whichisknowntopreventplanteatinganimals.“Noneoftheplantswereeveractuallyattacked.”Orroeksays.“Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”
InitiallyOrroekfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarningimpactonanotherpotentialthreat.Theinvestigatorsfoundthathungrycaterpillars(毛虫),whichusuallyeattomatoleavesgreedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnailslimeandactivatedtheirchemicalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythatbenefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroverallpossibilitiesofsurvival,saysOrroek,whoreportedtheresultswithhiscolleaguesinMarchinOecologia.
Thefindingthatasnail'sapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Itissignificantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecuesarehavingsuchfarrangingeffects,”Karbansays.Theresearchwascomprehensive,headds,buthewonderedhowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.
“That'sthemilliondollarquestion,”Orroeksays.Hehopesfutureresearchwillmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistantcues.
篇章导读:
本文是一篇说明文。
新的研究表明,植物能感知到动物即将发动的攻击。
1.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.WatchfulPlants
B.GreedyAnimals
C.ASnail'sApproach
D.ADefenseAttack
答案:
A 标题判断题。
由第一段第三句中的“Newresearchnowshowssomefloracanfeelaplant-eatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack”可知,新的研究显示,植物能感知到动物即将发动的攻击。
故A选项“警惕的植物”为最佳标题。
2.JohnOrroeksprayedaliquidintosoilto________.
A.makenearbytomatoplantsgrowbetter
B.givetomatoplantsawarning
C.keepplanteatinganimalsaway
D.informplanteatinganimalsofdanger
答案:
B 细节理解题。
由第二段中的“Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming”可知是为了警示它们攻击即将来临。
3.Whyistheexampleof“caterpillars”mentionedinParagraph3?
A.Tointroduceanotheranimal.
B.Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.
C.Toappealtopeopletoprotectanimals.
D.Toanalysedifferentresistancechemicals.
答案:
B 推理判断题。
由第三段第二句可知,饥饿的毛毛虫对接触过蜗牛黏液的叶子不再有食欲,所以判断出第三段提到毛毛虫的例子是为了确认研究结果。
4.WhatdoesRichardKarbanreallywanttoknow?
A.Howtomatoplantsbecomeawareofdanger.
B.Whatthechemicalsinthesnailslimeare.
C.Whethertheresearchisofpracticalvalue.
D.Whatthefindingoftheresearchis.
答案:
A 推理判断题。
由倒数第二段最后一句中的“buthewonderedhowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem”可知,但是他想知道番茄植物是如何感受到蜗牛粘液中的化学物质,而这些化学物质从未真正接触过它们。
所以判断出Richard想知道番茄植物是如何感知危险的。
strategyn.策略 defensen.防卫;辩护 activatevt.激活;使活动
第四段第一句:
Thefindingthatasnail'sapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.
译文:
蜗牛的接近会引起植物对不同动物的反应,这种发现使RichardKarban这位并没有参与研究的植物交流专家很好奇。
分析:
这是一个主从复合句。
第一个that引导同位语从句,说明finding的内容。
第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词response。
who引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明先行词expert。
专题强化训练(四)
(1)
(2019·山东模考)MichelleKwanisachampioniceskaterwhohaswonfiveWorldChampionships,nineUSChampionshipsandtwoOlympicmedals,inadditiontocountlessotherskatingcompetitions.Whileaudienceshaveseenh
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