在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二.docx
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在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二.docx
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在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二
在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二
Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofthebladder(膀胱)andtheoralcavity(口腔).Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.
Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.Themajorityofphysiciansandresearchersconsidertheserelationshipsprovedtotheirsatisfactionandsay.“Giveupsmoking.Ifyoudon’tsmoke,don’tstart”.Somecompetentphysiciansandresearchworkers-thoughtheirsmallnumberisdwindling(减小)evenfurther-arelesssureoftheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.Theyconsidertheincreaseinrespiratory(呼吸的)diseasesandvariousformsofcancermaypossiblybeexplainedbyotherfactorsinthecomplexhumanenvironment-atmosphericpollution,increasednervousstress,chemicalsubstancesinprocessedfood,orChemicalpesticidesthatarenowbeingusedbyfarmersinvastQuantitiestodestroyinsectsandsmallanimals.Smokerswhodevelopcancerorlungdiseases,theysay,mayalso,bycoincidence,liveinindustrialareas,oreatmorecannedfood.Gradually,however,researchisisolatingallotherpossiblefactorsandprovingthemtobestatisticallyirrelevant.Whilealltobaccosmokingaffectslifeexpectancyandhealth,cigarettesmokingappearstohaveamuchgreatereffectthancigarorpipesmoking.However,nicotine(尼古丁)consumptionisnotdiminishedbythelatterforms,andcurrentresearchIndicatesrelationshipbetweenallformsofsmokingandcancerofthemouthandthroat.Filtersandlowtar(焦油)tobaccoareclaimedtomadesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlymarginallyreduce,noteliminate,thehazards.
1.Malesmokingaremoreaffectedbysmokingthanfemaleonesbecause_____.
[A]Malesmokerssmokemorethanfemaleones
[B]Malesmokersaremorelikelytobeaffectedbysmoking
[C]Malesmokersbreathinthesmokedeeperthanfemaleones
[D]Malesmokersaremorelikelytobeaffectedbyotherfactorsinhormoneenvironment
2.Accordingtothepassage,cigarettecandoharmtoallthefollowingEXCEPT_____.
[A]lung
[B]mouth
[C]heart
[D]eye
3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardssmokingis_____.
[A]critical
[B]approving
[C]questioning
[D]subjective
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?
[A]Moreandmoreresearchworkbelievetheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.
[B]Filtersandlowtartobaccocannotgetridofthehazard.
[C]Cigarettesmikinghasagreatereffectonhealththan.
[D]Allformsoftobaccosmokingaffectslifeexpectancyandhealth.
5.Theauthorspurposeofwritingthepassageisto_____.
[A]offeradviceonhowtogiveupsmoking
[B]explaintheinfluenceofcigarettesmokingonhealth
[C]listthefactorsthatcancausecancer
[D]comparetheopinionsontheeffectofsmoking
参考答案:
CDACB RepresentativesofCallahanMediaAssociates(CM [A]announcedtodaythatthenewsagencywouldattempttobuytheNationalBroadcastingSystem(NBS),thesecondlargesttelevisionandradionetworkintheUnitedStates.RonaldCallahan,sonofJessicaCallahan,whostartedCMA,toldreportersthatheexpectshiscompany’sofferingpricetobehighenoughtowinoutoverotheroffers.HeindicatedthatNBSexecutiveshadalreadydiscussedreorganizationplansthatmightresultfromaCMAtakeover.
AnativeoftheUnitedKingdom,JessicaCallahanbegantobuynewspapers,magazines,andradiostationsintheUnitedStateseightyearsago,andCMAnowownsorcontrolsmorethanfifteennewsorganizationshere.Beforeshebecamealeaderinmediainthiscountry,shehadestablishedherfamily-ownedcompanyasoneofthemostimportantforcesinBritishTVandnewspapers.Callahanstartedhernewscareermorethantwenty-fiveyearsago,andshehadworkedasareporteronthreedifferentpaperswhenshetookthejobofeditorofEngland’sBirminghamHerald(伯明汉先驱报),anewspaperthathadbeenexperiencingfinancialdifficultiesforseveralyears.HersuccessinraisingthenewsreportingstandardsaswellasmakingtheHeraldintoaprofitablebusinessgainedCallahantheattentionandrespectoftheBritishnewsestablishment.Bythetimeshewas35,shehadbecomeapublisherandstartedCMA,whichisnowoneofthelargestmediaorganizationsintheworld.
CallahanhadnevervisitedtheUnitedStatesbeforeshecametoMiamiandbecamethepublisheroftheMiamiJournalalmosteightyearsago,butshehadbeenreadingthenewspaperforseveralyears,andshesaidthatshelikedthepaper’sstyle.AftershehadownedtheJournalforjustoverayear,sheboughtasmallradiostationinGeorgia,andinthenextfiveyearsshewentontoacquirenewsorganizationsinseveraldifferentpartsofthecountry.
IfCMAbecomestheownerofNBS,forthefirsttimeitwillhavecontroloveranationwideTVnetwork.Inaninterviewlastweek,PhilipRosen,thepresidentofNBS,saidthathewasnotveryhappyaboutthepurchase.HeagreedthatCallahanandCMAhaddonealottohelpAmericannewspapersbecomemorefinanciallysecure,butheexpressedfearsthatthenewmanagementwasgoingtomakenewscoverageonNBSirresponsible.HestatedthathehopedhecouldremainwithNBSbutsaidthatthismightnotbepossible.
1.ThewriterthinsthatCMA’soffertobuytheNationalBroadcastingSystemisprobably_____.
[A]theonlyone
[B]agoodone
[C]unacceptablylow
[D]ofgreatcompetition
2.JessicaCallahancapturedtheconfidenceofthepressaftershebecametheeditorofBirminghamHeraldbecause_____.
[A]shewasexperienced
[B]shehadstrongfinancialbackground
[C]sincethenitstartedtomakemoney
[D]sheenjoyedgoodpopularity
3.JessicaCallahanhasnever_____.
[A]visitedtheUnitedStates
[B]ownedanationalTVnetwork
[C]workedasaneditor
[D]readtheMiamiJournal
4.TheattitudeofNBStopexecutivetotheCMAtakeoverwasthat_____.
[A]hewasopposedtothepurchase
[B]hehopedthetakeoverwouldbotaffectthesystem’sfame
[C]hewasafraidNBSwouldsufferseriousfinancialloss
[D]hecouldnotleavehispresentposition
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?
[A]JessicaCallahan---aSuccessfulWoman
[B]CMA---fromBritishtoUSA
[C]CMABuyingNBS?
[D]CMA’sAttractiveOffertoNBS
参考答案:
DCCBB Itisplainthatintheyear2000everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday.
Therewillbeadvancesinbiologicalknowledgeasfar-reachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics.Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone.Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation:
byMalthusinabout1800,byCrookesinabout1900.ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers.Intheyear2000,starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredity(遗传)ofplantsandanimals—byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment.
NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation.Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine—theoperator.Bytheyear2000,therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines,astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago;andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion.Todaywestilldistinguish,evenamongrepetitivejobs,betweentheskilledandtheunskilled;butintheyear2000allrepetitionwillbeunskilled.Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange;itisasinevitableastheyear2000itself.
1.Thearticlewaswrittento_____.
[A]warnusoftheimpendingstarvation
[B]presentfactsaboutlifeinthenearfuture
[C]opposebiologicaladvances
[D]warnoftheevilsideofautomation
2.Advancesinbiologicalknowledgewere_____.
[A]keptpacewithadvancesinphysics
[B]beenresponsiblefortheinventionofnewmachines
[C]surpassedthoseinphysics
[D]laggedbehindthoseinphysics
3.Accordingtothepassage,starvation_____.
[A]canbepredicted
[B]isunavoidable
[C]canbeprevented
[D]ismainlycausedbypooragriculture
4.Repetitivetasksinindustryleadto_____.
[A]physicalexhaustion
[B]mentalstimulation
[C]mentalexhaustion
[D]extinction
5.Ifthepredictionsofthiswriterarerealized,thedemandfortheunskilledworkersinthetwenty-firstcenturywillbe_____.
[A]veryhigh
[B]verylow
[C]thesameastoday
[D]constantlyrising
参考答案:
BDCCB Inthesedaysoftechnologicaltriumphs,itiswelltoremindourselvesfromtimetotimethatlivingmechanismsareoftenincomparablymoreefficientthantheirartificialimitations.Thereisnobetterillustrationofthisideathanthesonarsystemofbats.Ounceforounceandwattforwatt,itisbillionsoftimesmoreefficientandmoresensitivethantheradarsandsonarsdesignedbyman.Ofcourse,thebatshavehadsome50millionyearsofevolutiontorefinetheirsonar.Theirphysiologicalmechanismsforecholocation,basedonallthisaccumulatedexperience,thereforemeritourthoroughstudyandanalysis.Toappreciatetheprecisionofthebats’echolocation,wemustfirstconsiderThedegreeoftheirrelianceuponit.Thankstosonar,aninsect-eatingbatcangetalongperfectlywellwithouteyesight.ThiswasbrilliantlydemonstratedbyanexperimentperformedinthelateeighteenthcenturybytheItaliannaturalistLazureSpallanzani.Hecaughtsomebatsinabelltower,blindedthem,andreleasedthemoutdoors.Fourof
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