福克纳和《爱米丽的玫瑰》心理分析.docx
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福克纳和《爱米丽的玫瑰》心理分析.docx
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福克纳和《爱米丽的玫瑰》心理分析
ABSTRACT
WilliamFaulknerisacclaimedasthegreatestAmericanwriterinthe20thcentury,andhismostfamousshortstory“ARoseforEmily”hasengagedalotofattentionfromliterarycriticsandhasgotvariousinterpretationsfromthem.SofartheresearchonthisstorymainlyfocusesontheimageofEmily,thetheme,thenarratingtechniquesanditstragicroot.SofarcriticsmostlydiscussthetragicrootwiththeapproachofexploringEmily’soutsidefactorssuchasthesocialsurroundingsandsocialclassshebelongsto;whileveryfewcriticsregardtheinnermostfactorsasdecisivetothetragedy.ThepsychoanalyticalcriticismrepresentedbyFreudconcerningliteratureisveryvaluableintheresearchofthisstorywithoutwhichtheanalysisofEmilyorthecreativemotivationhiddenbehindthelinescannotbecarriedoutsufficiently.Thoughafewcriticshavestretchedouttoit,theanalysessofarmadearenotinasystemic,multi-levelway.
Freud,therecognizedfounderofmodernpsychoanalysis,hasmadehisinfluencefarbeyondhisownfield.Histheoryoftheworkingsofhumanbeingsanditsdescriptiveterminologyfindapplicationinalmostallbranchesofhumanitiesandsocialsciences.Heproposedthe“topographicalmodel”ofthemindinvolvingthreestructuresoftheconsciousexperience,namely,preconscious,consciousandunconscious.Laterheproposedthreestructuresofpersonality:
id,ego,andsuperego,whichisbasedontheabovestructureofconsciousness.Theenergyfortheoperationofidcomesfrom“instinctualneeds”,whichurgeidtostriveforthesatisfactionofdesire.Theegohastakenoverthetaskofrepresentingtheexternalworldfortheid,andsoofsavingit.Thesuperegoholdsupcertainnormsofbehavior,withoutregardtoanydifficultiescomingfromtheidandtheexternalworld;andifthesenormsarenotactedupto,itpunishedtheegowiththefeelingoftensionwhichmanifeststhemselvesassenseofinferiorityandguilt.
Freudhasalsomadeaneffortontheinvestigationonwriter’sliterarycreation.Insteadoflookingdirectlyintoartistry,hechoosestoinvestigateitssource.Heholdstheopinionthatliteraryimaginationcomesfromfantasyordaydream,whichisthefulfillmentofunsatisfiedwishes.Andeverysinglefantasyisthefulfillmentofawish,acorrectionofunsatisfyingreality.
ThisthesisattemptstomakearesearchwithFreud’stheoryinamulti-levelviewofpointandfindoutamorerationalexplicationforEmily’sabsurdlifeandtragicresult.Besides,basedonFreud’stheoryartisticcreation,thisthesisalsomakesananalysisonthemotivationwhenFaulknerwrotethisstory,hencefindsoutthepsychologicalconditiononwhichFaulknerobtainshisgreatachievements.Hereistheframeworkofthisthesis:
inthefirstchapter,first,thereisabriefintroductiontotheauthorFaulknerandhisachievements;then,itisanintroductionto“ARoseforEmily”,includingthesummary,thewritingtechniques,andtheresearchsofarhasbeenmadeonit;inthesecondchapter,itisanintroductiontoFreudandhispsychoanalysis;andinthethirdchapter,thisdissertationbeginstoanalyzethisstoryindetailthroughtheapproachofFreud’spsychoanalyticaltheory;inthefourthchapter,Freud’stheoryisusedtoexplorethemotivationwhenFaulknermadehiscreation.Thelastisaconclusionofthedissertationinwhichthereisasummaryabouttheresultoftheresearch.
WiththeapproachofFreud’spsychoanalysisandconsciousconstructiontheory,thetragicofthestoryisdecipheredtoadeeperandmoreextensivedegree.AllkindsoftheabsurdandgrotesquebehaviorsofEmilyalsogetamorerationalinterpretation.Theresearchofthisthesisfindsoutthat,thetragedyofEmilyresultsfromthestrugglebetweenherid,egoandsuperegowhichleadstoherabnormalpsychologyandbehaviors.AddtothisisFaulkner’screationmotivationfromwhichhewrotethisstory.AccordingtoFreudiantheory,thisshortstoryisthereflectionofFaulkner’segoisticdesiresandwishes.
KEYWORDS:
psychoanalysis;id;ego;superego
Contents
Acknowledgements…………………………………….………………………………i
摘要……………………………………………………………………………….…ii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………….….…………………….iv
Chapter1Introduction………………….………….…………..………….…..1
1.1AnintroductiontoWilliamFaulknerandHisAchievements………….………..1
1.2Faulkner’sAchievementsinStoryWriting…………...………………...…………3
1.3AnIntroductiontoARoseforEmily.........................................................................3
1.4Faulkner’sWritingTechniquesDisplayedintheStory…….…………...………..6
1.5AnOverviewofCriticismonARoseforEmily………………...…...…………….7
1.6TheAimsofthisThesis………….……………..……..………….…..……………10
1.7TheOrganizationoftheThesis………………..…..……………………………..11
Chapter2FreudianTheoryanditsSignificanceinLiteraryCritics.……………………………………………………………..………………12
2.1OriginandDevelopmentofFreudianCriticism…………………..……………..12
2.1.1Psychoanalysis………………………………..……………………...….……12
2.1.2Id,Ego,Superego………………………………….………………………..….13
2.1.3OedipusComplex………………………………………………………………15
2.2TheApplicationofFreudianTheorytoLiteraryCriticism…………….....16
2.2.1FreudiantheoryonCreativeWritersandDaydreaming……….….………..16
2.2.2FreudianTheoryAppliedinLiterature…………………………………………18
2.2.3FreudianPsychoanalysisasatoolforLiteraryCriticism……………………..19
Chapter3AnalysisonARoseforEmilybyFreudism…………………….21
3.1AnalysisonthePsychologyoftheCharactersintheStory……………………..21
3.1.1AnalysisonEmily’sPersonality……………………………………………….21
3.1.2DeathandLove——theInstinctfromEmily’sId…………….………………..24
3.1.3TheMurder——AStrugglebetweenSuperegoandId…………...……………26
3.1.4Emily’sOedipusComplex……………………….……………………………..27
3.1.5TheEconomicStruggle——AStrugglebetweenSuperegoandEgo……….…29
3.1.6TheChina-paintingClass—ARealizationofEgoisticValue…………………..31
3.2.AnalysisontheOldGrierson………………………………………………....…31
3.2.1ASelfishFather…………………………………………………………..…….31
3.2.2Grierson’sOedipusComplex.…………………………………………...……..33
3.3TheTownspeople:
StrugglingbetweenEgoandSuperego……..……….…….33
Chapter4AnalysisontheAuthor’sWritingMotivation………..…………..37
4.1Historical&CulturalConditionintheSouthanditsInfluenceonFaulkner....37
4.1.1TheIdentificationasaSoutherner……………………………………….……..38
4.1.2FaulknerasaForerunnerintheSouthernRenaissance……………………...…38
4.2TheArtisticCreationoutofUnfulfilledWishes………………………….….…..39
4.2.1TheSignificanceofTerritorytoFaulkner…………………………………….40
4.2.2Faulkner’sEgoRepresentedbyhisHeroine……………………..….……...….41
4.2.3AnotherWish:
LamentingovertheRuinedNature…………………...……….42
Chapter5Conclusion……………………………..…………….....…………...….48
Bibliography……………………………………...………………………….……….52
AnAnalysisonWilliamFaulkner’s“ARoseforEmily”fromFreudianTheory
ChapterOneIntroduction
1.1AnIntroductiontoWilliamFaulknerandHisAchievements
WilliamFaulkner(1897-1962)isoneofthemostinfluentialwritersintheSouthofUSA.HewontheNobelPricein1949forLiteraturefor“hispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel.”GrowingupandstronglyinfluencedbythestateMississippi,andalsobythehistoryandcultureoftheSouth,Faulknersetmostofthestoriesofhisworksinhishometownandwonaperpetualfamethroughhiscreativenovels,novellasandshortstories.Thoughfamousasanovelist,healsodevotedgreatefforttowritingpoemsandscreenplays.SoinfluentialarehisworksthathisnameisputtogetherwithMarkTwain,RobertPennWarren,FlanneryO’Connor,EudoraWeltyandTennesseeWilliams.However,beforehewasawardedthe1949NobelPrize,hisnamewasrelativelyunknownwhilenowheisregardedasoneofthegreatestAmericanwritersinhistory.
FaulknerlivedinOxfordonandoffformostofhislife,andhetookOxfordasthearchetypeforthetownof“Jefferson”inhisfiction,andLafayetteCounty,Mississippi,whichcontainsthetownofOxford,isthemodelforhisfictionalYoknapatawphaCountywhichFaulknercalledashis"postagestamp".Inanexperimentalstyle,Faulkner’sworksarewidelyagreedbycriticsasoneofthemostimmortalfictionaloutputsinthehistoryofliterature.UnlikehiscontemporarywriterErnestHemingway,Faulknerused"streamofConsciousness"veryofteninhisworks,andwrotealotofhighlyemotional,subtle,complicated,andsometimesGothicorgrotesqueworks,andconsequentlycreatedavarietyofcharacterspeculiartotheSouth,includingformerslaves,poorwhite,agrarian,working-class,andSouthernaristocrats.
Itisoutoftheinfluencefrom“thelostgeneration”aftertheWorldWarIthatFaulknerbeganhiswriting.Duringhislifetime,Faulknerhadpublishednineteennovelsandabouteightyshortstories,andmostofthestorieshappenedinhisYoknapatawphacountywithitstownJeffersonandthecountriesinitsvicinity,presentingtoreadersthestoriesofseveralgenerationsindifferentfamiliesbelongingtodifferentclasses,fromtheyear1800totheyearswhentheworldwarIIended.Mostofthestoriescanbereadasisolated,whiletheyareinterweavedwithoneandanothermoreorless(DongHengxun,2003:
427).
AfterreceivingtheNobelPrice,Faulknergotmanycommentsonhisachievementsfromcriticsinwesternworld,mostofwhicharepositive.Researchesabouthisworksbeganfromthenonandsodidthetranslationandintroductionofhisworkstoothercountries,andheisconsideredasoneofthemodernclassicnovelists.
Tospeakitinamoregeneralway,Faulkner’simportanceandgreatnesscanbesummedupinthreeaspects:
1)Hemadeapresentationtohisrea
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