江苏专版版高考英语考前保分训练专题4任务型阅读练习牛津译林版.docx
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江苏专版版高考英语考前保分训练专题4任务型阅读练习牛津译林版.docx
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江苏专版版高考英语考前保分训练专题4任务型阅读练习牛津译林版
专题4任务型阅读
题组训练一
1
话题:
完美主义
难度:
★★★
建议用时:
15分钟
Ifyouareaperfectionist,you’reprobablyfamiliarwiththefeelingofwantingtogeteverythingjustright.Accordingtoresearchers,perfectionistsholdthemselvestounrealisticallyhighstandardsandbecomeself-criticaliftheybelievetheyhaven’tmetthesestandards.Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltyiftheyexperiencefailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedthattheymightfail.
Inonestudy,researcherslookedathowperfectionismchangesovertime.Theresearchersreviewedpreviouslycollecteddatafromover41,000collegestudents.Theyfoundthatcollegestudentsreportedincreasinglevelsofperfectionism:
theyhelpedthemselvestohigherstandards,andfelttherewerehigherexpectationsplacedonthem.Moreimportantly,whatincreasedthemostwasthesocialexpectationsthatyoungadultspickeduponfromthesurroundingenvironment.Theresearchersassumedthatthiscouldbebecausesocietyisincreasinglycompetitive:
collegestudentsmightpickuponthesepressuresfromtheirparentsandsociety,whichwouldincreaseperfectionisttendencies.
Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthatinextremecases,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtopoorermentalhealth.Inonestudy,researcherslookedatatotalof284studiesandfoundthatperfectionistsfeltdepressedandanxiousandevenhadeatingdisorders.Theyalsofoundthatpeoplehigherinperfectionismalsoreportedhigherlevelsofoverallpsychologicaldistress(痛苦).Inotherwords,althoughpeoplemaythinkoftheirperfectionismassomethingthathelpsthemsucceed,itappearsthattheirperfectionismmayactuallybeharmfultotheirmentalhealth.
So,isperfectionismalwaysharmful?
Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutbeinginvolvedinself-criticismovermistakestheymake.However,otherpsychologistssuggestthatperfectionismisn’tadaptive:
accordingtotheseresearchers,perfectionismismorethanjustholdingyourselftohighstandards,andtheydon’tthinkperfectionismisbeneficial.
Anyhow,althoughperfectionismislinkedtonegativeoutcomes,thegoodnewsisthatperfectionismissomethingthatcanbechanged.Onepossiblealternativetoperfectionisminvolvesdevelopingwhatpsychologistscallagrowthmindset.Intheiropinion,weshouldbelievethatourabilities,includingintelligence,canbedevelopedwitheffortandgoodlearningstrategiessothatwearemotivatedtoworkhardandwon’tgiveupwhenthingsgetchallenging.Anotherpotentialalternativetoperfectionismistodevelopself-compassion(自我同情)—thatistosay,weshouldtreatourselveskindlywhenwemakemistakes,remindourselvesthatmistakesarepartofbeinghumans,andavoidbeingconsumedwithnegativeemotions.Overall,aslongaswetakeefforts,it’spossibletoovercomeperfectionismanddevelopahealthierwayofsettinggoalsforourselves.
Perfectionism
Introduction
•Perfectionismreferstosomeone’s1.foreverythingtoberight.
•Perfectioniststendtosethighandunrealisticstandardsforthemselves.
•Whenperfectionistsdon’t2.,theywillblamethemselvesandstayawayfromsituationswheretheymayexperiencefailures.
Astudyof
perfectionism
Thelevelsofperfectionismincollegestudentsareonthe3..
•Theyexpecttoomuchofthemselves.
•Theybecome4.becausetheyareawareoftheirparents’highexpectationsandthecompetitivesociety.
5.of
perfectionism
•Perfectionistskindofexperiencedepression,anxietyandeatingdisorders.
•Peoplewhoarestronglyidentifiedwithperfectionistqualitiessuffermore6..
Argumentsover
perfectionism
•Thereis7.perfectionismwhereperfectionistscansethighstandardsforthemselvesbutwon’tblamethemselvesfortheirmistakes.
•Perfectionismisn’tlimitedtoholdingoneselftohighstandardsanditcan’tbeof8.topeople.
Approachesto
9.over
perfectionism
•Developagrowthmindsetsothatyouhavemotivationtoworkhardandgetthroughtoughsituations.
•Bekindtoyourselfdespiteyourmistakesorfailuresand10.yourselffromnegativeemotions.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了完美主义的相关内容。
1.答案 desire/wish
解析 根据第一段中的“you’reprobablyfamiliarwiththefeelingofwantingtogeteverythingjustright”可知,完美主义者往往想把一切都做得恰到好处。
故填desire/wish。
2.答案 succeed
解析 根据第一段中的“...becomeself-criticaliftheybelievetheyhaven’tmetthesestandards.Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltyiftheyexperiencefailures...mightfail.”可知,当完美主义者没有达到既定标准时,他们会指责自己;当他们失败时,他们会感到内疚。
也就是说,当完美主义者未能获得成功时,他们会责备自己。
故填succeed。
3.答案 increase
解析 根据第二段中的“collegestudentsreportedincreasinglevelsofperfectionism”可知,大学生的完美主义呈上升趋势。
故填increase。
ontheincrease是固定搭配,意为“在增长”。
4.答案 stressed
解析 根据第二段中的“felttherewerehigherexpectationsplacedonthem”“collegestudentsmightpickuponthesepressuresfromtheirparentsandsociety,whichwouldincreaseperfectionisttendencies”可知,大学生们感觉到父母、社会对他们的期望很高,这让他们感到很有压力。
故填stressed。
5.答案 Harm
解析 根据表格右栏的内容可知,此处讲的是完美主义的危害。
此处首字母应大写,故填Harm。
6.答案 psychologically
解析 根据第三段中的“peoplehigherinperfectionismalsoreportedhigherlevelsofoverallpsychologicaldistress(痛苦)”可知,高度完美主义者反映说自己会忍受心理上的痛苦。
故填psychologically。
7.答案 adaptive
解析 根据第四段中的“therecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism”可知,此处说的是适应性完美主义,故填adaptive。
8.答案 benefit/help
解析 根据第四段中的“theydon’tthinkperfectionismisbeneficial”可知,一些心理学家认为完美主义对人们无益。
故填benefit/help。
9.答案 getting
解析 根据表格右栏的内容及文章最后一段的内容,尤其是最后一段中的“Overall...it’spossibletoovercomeperfectionism”可知,此处探讨的是克服完美主义的方法,故填getting。
getover解决,克服。
10.答案 protect/keep
解析 根据最后一段中的“weshouldtreat...avoidbeingconsumedwithnegativeemotions”可知,我们应避免自己被负面情绪所影响。
故填protect/keep。
protect/keepsb.from...是固定用法,意为“保护某人免受……伤害”。
2
话题:
流行音乐
难度:
★★★
建议用时:
15分钟
Weblasttheupbeat(快乐的)tunesforpartiesandworkoutsatthegym,andwesavethelow-keyballadsforromanticorsadmoments.It’shardlyanewideathatmusichasacloselinkwithouremotions.Buthowhaveourfavoriteschangedoverthedecades,andwhatdothesechangessayaboutAmerica’sshiftingemotionallandscape?
Musicisaformofnaturalisticdatathat,muchlikepopulartelevisionandsalesofconsumergoods,scientistscansampleforinsightintoourmindsandvalues.ResearchersE.GlennSchellenbergandChristianvonSchevesetouttoexaminesongspopularinAmericaduringthelastfivedecades,hopingtolearnhowemotionalcuesinmusic,suchasthetempo(slowtofast)andmode(majororminorkey),havechangedsince1960.
Themoststrikingfindingisthechangeinthekey.Songscomposedinamajorkeytendtosoundwarmandhigh-spirited,whereassongsinaminorkeycansounddarkerandsadder.Overthelastfewdecades,popularsongshaveswitchedfrommajortominorkeys.Broadlyspeaking,thesoundhasshiftedfrombeingbrightandhappytosomethingmorecomplicated.It’simportanttonote,though,thatalthougholdersongsarefrequentlyinamajorkey,thisdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthelyrics(歌词)arecheerful.
America’spopularsongshavealsobecomeslowerandlonger.Evenmoreinteresting,perhaps,isthatourcurrentfavoritesaremorelikelytobeemotionallyambiguous,suchassad-soundingsongsbeingfastorhappy-soundingsongsbeingslow.
Perhaps,thetworesearcherssuggest,today’slistenersaremoremusicallyexperienced.Otherresearchersinthepasthavelinkedmusicpreferencestopersonalitytraits,suchasapreferenceforsaddermusicbeingtiedtomoreempathy(同感),opennesstoexperience,andlesshumaninteractions.SchellenbergandvonSchevealsosuggestthatartistsmayemployminorkeysandcomposeslowersongstogivethemanairofmaturity.Afterall,it’schildren’smusicthatisusuallyhappy.
Thereispossibilitythatthemorecontemporarymusicreflectsthehardshipsandtragediesthatoursocietyhasgonethrough.However,SchellenbergandvonSchevebelievethatthephenomenonofsteadyincreaseindurationanddecreaseintempodoesn’tsupporttheideaofgrowingdifficultiesfullybecauseitwouldmeanourproblemshaveincreasedsteadilyoverthelastfiftyyears.PerhapspopularsongshavebecomemorecomplexovertimebecauseAmericansarebecomingmorediverseandindividualizedintheirmusicaltastes.
Thoughwecanonlyguessatthespecificcausesofthisevolutioninmusic,wecanstillviewsociety’spreferencesasameasurementofthepublicconsciousness.SchellenbergandvonScheve’sinitialobservationshaveonlyopenedthedoortoinquiriesintothelinkbetweenemotionandmusicconsumption.Perhapssomedaywe’lllearnmoreofthesecretsbehindthemusicweloveandthetimeswelivein.
PopMusicBecameMoreMoodyinPast50Years
Introduction
•It’sknowntoallthatmusiciscloselyconnectedwithouremotions.
•Ourfavoritemusichaschangedalotoverthedecades,which11.thechangingmoodsofAmericans.
•Bystudyingmusic,scientistscangetabetter12.ofourmindsandvalues.
ChangesinAmericanpopmusic
Thechangesinthekey
•Generally,songscharacterizedbymajorkeystendtobewarmandhigh-spiritedwhilethosewithminorkeyssadanddark.
•Thelastfewdecadeshas13.achangeinpopularsongsfrommajorkeystominorkeys.
Thechangesinthetempo
Popularsongstendtobecomeslowerandlongernowadaysanditismore14.totellourfavoritesemotionally,forsad-soundingsongscanbefastwhilehappy-soundingsongscanbeslow.
15.forthechanges
•Listenersnowadaysknowmoreaboutmusic.
•People’spersonalitytraits16.theirpreferencesformusicinasense.
•Artistsmayuseminorkeysandcomposeslowersongstoshowtheir17..
•Popularsongshavebecomemorecomplexduetopeople’sdifferenttastesformusic,which18.accountsforthesteadyincreaseindurationanddecreaseintempo.
Theauthor’s19.tothechanges
•Therealcausesofthesechangesstillremaina20.tous,butwecansafelysaysociety’spreferencescanbeasignofthepublicconsciousness.
•Despitethepresentknowledgeabouthowmusicrelatestoemotion,moreaboutthelinkbetweenourmusicalpreferenceandourlivingtimesistobelearned.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
文章从近半个世纪以来流行音乐在节奏以及音调方面的变化这一角度揭示了当代美国人情绪和情感的走向。
11.答案 reflects
解析 根据第一段中的“andwhatdothesechangessayaboutAmerica’sshiftingemotionallandscape”可知,几十年来音乐喜好上的变化会反映美国人在情感状态上的不断转变。
故填reflects。
12.答案 understanding
解析 根据第二段第一句“Musicisaformofnaturalisticdata...scientistscansampleforinsightintoourmindsandvalues.”可知,通过研究音乐(喜好),科学家能更好地了解人们的思想和价值观。
故填understanding。
haveagoodunderstandingofsth.是固定用法,意为“对……有很好的理解,对……有良好的认识”。
13.答案 witnessed/seen
解析 根据第三段中的“Overthelastfewdecades,popularsongshaveswitchedfrommajortominorkeys.”可知,过去的几十年见证了流行音乐从大调到小调的转变。
故填witnessed/seen。
witness是发生(某事件)的时间(地点),见证。
14.答案 difficult
解析 根据第四段中的“ourcurrentfavoritesaremorelikelytobeemotionallyambiguous”可知,人们现在的音乐喜好从情感上来看好像更难以判断。
故填difficult。
15.答案 Explanations
解析 根据第五至六段的内容和表格右栏中的内容可知,此处主要讲的是研究者对这些变化的解释。
故填Explanations。
16.答案 determine/decide
解析 根据第五段中的“Otherresearchersinthepasthavelinkedmusic
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