自考国际商务英语课后题.docx
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自考国际商务英语课后题.docx
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自考国际商务英语课后题
一、
Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?
Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.
1.Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionsbetweenpartiesfromdiffirentcountries.
Therearefourmajordiffrencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness:
1)differencesinlegalsystem
2)differencesincurrencies
3)differencesincuturalbackground
4)differencesinnaturalandeconomicconditions
Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?
2.Commoditytrade,i.eexportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.Thiskindoftradeisalsoreferredtovisibletrade.Invisibletradeisintheformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.Invisibletradeisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade.
Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?
3.Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.
Pleaseelaborateonthetwocategoreisofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?
4.ForeigndirectinvestmentsorFDIforshortismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry.
Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.
Whatislicensing?
Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasmeansofenteringaforeignmarket?
5.Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.
Firmschooselicensingbecausetheydonotwanttomakecashpaymentstostartbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantegesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipormanagement.
Whatisfranchising?
Howisitdifferentfromlicensing?
6.Underfranchising,afim,calledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandname,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
Incomparisionwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.
Whatisamanagementcontract?
Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?
7.Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolum.
Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstobeofstrategicimportancebutlackstheexpertiseforoperation,managementcontractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanytooperateintheindustrywithoutowningtheassets..
Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?
InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentfromit?
8.Foraninterantionalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequipingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.
ForaBOTproject,afirmoperateafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.
MakingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject.
Franchise:
anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsincertainarea.
Royalty:
moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightfrpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu,atanagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.
Patent:
aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.
Non-tariffbarries:
allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.
Portfolio:
theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling.
Turnkeyproject:
oneinwhichoneofthepartiesagreestosupply,atthecontractprice,acompleteproductreadyforuse,suchasanewhome,factory,ship,etc.
Budget:
anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu,ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarragements.
Return:
thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.
Expertise:
expertknowledgeorskill,esp.inaparticularfield;know-how
Licensor:
apersonorcompanygrantingalicence
1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易,它涉及到许多因素,因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries,itinvolesmorfactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness.
2.随着经济一体化进程的发展,很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。
因此,在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的,这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,fewpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayawayforminternationalbusiness.Someknowledgeinthisrespectisnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Otherformsforpaticipatingininternationalbusinessaremanagementcontract,contractmanufaturingandturnkeyproject.
4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现,即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
Internationalbusinessfirsttooktheformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforsonsumptionorresaleinanother.
5.除了国际贸易和投资,国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
Besidestradeandinvestment,licensingandfranchisingaresometimestakenasameansofenteringaforeignmarket.
二、
ExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajordifference.Canweusetheminterchaeably?
1.GNPreferstothemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedtythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.
GDPmeasuresthemarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.
ThedifferencebetweenGNPandGDPisthattheformerfocusesonownershipofthefactorsofproductionwhilethelatterconcentratesontheplacewhereproductiontakesplace.
ThedifferencebetweenGNPandGDPcanbeignoredsinceitisverysmallinmostcases,sowecanusetheminterchangeably.
Whataremeantbyhighincome,middleincome,andlowincomecountriesaccordingtotheWorldBank?
Citesomeexaplesforeachgroup.
2.Thoseenjoyingannualpercapitaincomeof$9386andaboveareclassifiedashigh-incomecountries.Thisgroupcomprisesthreetypesofcountries.
a)mostmembersoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)
b)richoilproducingcontriesofthemiddleeast(Kuwait,SaudiArabia,UnitedArabEmirates).
c)Small-industrializedcountriesorregionssuchasIsrael,Singapore,HongKongandTaiwan.
Countrieswithannualpercapitaincomebelow$9386butabove$765areregardedasmiddle-incomecountries.
1)mostEastEuropeancountriesandmostmembersoftheCommonwealthofIndependentStates,sixOECDmembers.(Czech,Greece,Hungary,Mexico,Turkey)
2)quiteanumberofLatinAmericancountriesandsomecomparativelydevelopedcountriesinAsia.(Indonesia,Malaysia,thephilippines,Thailand)
3)AmongtheAfricancountries,SouthAfricaandoil-producingLibya,NigeriaandAlgeria.
Lowerincomecountriesarethosethathavepercapitaincomesofonly$765orevenless.
1)MostAfricancontries,someAsiancountriesandafewLatinAmericancountries.
Whyarehighincomecountriesimportanttotradeandinvestment?
Shouldweneglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness?
3.High-incomecountriesoftenhavegoodinfrastructure,highpurchasingpower,advancedtechnology,efficietmanagement,andfavorableenvironmentfortradeandinvestment.Theyofferprimemarketsforexpensiveconsumergoodsandarebothattractivesourcesanddestinationsofinvestment.
Weshouldnotneglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness,becausetheyconstitutemarketsforlower-pricedstaplegoods,providecheaplaborandareoftenrichinresources.Whatismoreimportant,marketissomethingtobedeveloped.Oncetapped,thebusinesspotentialofthesecountrieswillonedaybecomerealbusinessopportunities.
InwhatdifferentwaysareGDPandpercapitaincomesignificantinassessingthepotentialofaparticularmarket?
4.TotalGDPindicatestheoverallsizeofaneconomywhichisimportantinmarketassessmentfordurableequipmentorbulkgoodssuchasgrain,steel,orcement.PercapitaGDPrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers,whichisimportantwhenmarketingconsumerdurables.
Waschinaalow-incomecountryafewyearsago?
Howaboutnow?
5.Chinawithapercapitaincomeofover$1100isamiddle-incomecountrythoughitwasalowincomecountryjustafewyearsago.
Whatdoestheterm“Traid”referto?
WhatismeanttyQuad?
6.ThetermTriadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworldtheUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusinessopportunities.
SomepeopleextendthescopeofTriadtoincludeCanadaandnamethebroadenedgroupingQuad.
HowmuchdoyouknowaboutOECD?
Pleasemakeabriefaccount.
7.OECDmeansOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentwasestablishedin1961bythemajorcapitalimcountrieswiththeheadquarterinParis.Ithas29membercountries,amongwhich,23ofthemarehigh-incomecountriesandtheothersaremiddle-incomecou
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