上海市曹杨第二中学高三英语期中考试试题及参考答案.docx
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上海市曹杨第二中学高三英语期中考试试题及参考答案.docx
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上海市曹杨第二中学高三英语期中考试试题及参考答案
2021年上海市曹杨第二中学高三英语期中考试试题及参考答案
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Youmightnotexpectit,butcowsarealargesourceofthegreenhousegasesthataredrivingclimatechange.Cowsproducelotsofmethanebybreakingdownthegrass,Nowscientistshaveshownthatthepollutionfromcowscanbereducedbyaddingalittleseaweedtotheirfood.
Scientistsfirstdiscoveredthatseaweedcouldhelpcontrolmethanefromcowsseveralyearsago.Butthisworkwasdoneinalaboratory,thereweremanyquestionsaboutwhethertheideacouldworkinreallife.
Inthelabstudies,thecowsweregivenquiteabitofseaweed,andtheywouldcauselosingweight.Thatwasn'thelpful,sincecowsareoftensoldbyweight.Italsowasn'tcleariftheseaweedwouldstopworkingifitwasusedforalongerperiodoftime.
Now,scientistsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davishaveansweredseveralofthesequestions.
Theresearchersstudied21cowsonafarmforaboutfivemonths.Theytaughtthecowstogettheirfoodfrominsideaspecialhood,whichallowedthescientiststomeasurethemethanethatthecowsweregivingoff.Thistime,theyusedamuchsmalleramountofseaweed,whichtheymixedwiththecows'food.
Theresultsweresurprisinglygood.Insomecases,thecowsproduced82%lessmethane.Theimprovementdependedonthekindoffoodthecowsweregiven,buteventheworst-pollutingcowsproduced33%lessmethane.
Overthefivemonths,thescientistsdidn'tseeanysignsthatthecows'stomachsweregettingusedtotheseaweedandstartingtoproducemoremethaneagain.
Anothersurprisecamewhentheylookedattheweightofthecows.Thecowsthatwerefedseaweedgainedjustasmuchweightastheothercows,buttheydidn'tneedasmuchfood.
Buttherearestillsomebigproblemswiththeideaoffeedingcowsseaweed.Foronething,there'snotadequateseaweedtofeedallofthecowsintheworld.Sofarmerswouldhavetofigureoutawaytogrowlotsofseaweed.
Abiggerproblemisthatformostoftheirlives,cowsliveinfields,wheretheyeatthegrass.Thatmeansthere'snochancetofeedthemseaweedeveryday.Theseproblemsneedtobetakenseriouslyiftheworldisgoingtoavoidtheworsteffectsoftheclimatecrisis.
Still,it'struethatsomethingassimpleasfeedingcowsseaweedcanhelpreducesomeofthepollutioncausingtheclimatecrisis.
1.Whydidthescientistsdotheexperimentonthefarm?
A.Tocontroltheamountofseaweed.B.Torecordtheweightcowsgained.
C.Toconfirmtheeffectofseaweedinreallife.D.Tomeasuretheamountofseaweedcowsale.
2.Theunderlinedword“adequate”means________.
A.commonB.specialC.lackingD.enough
3.Thepassageiswrittento________.
A.appealtopeoplenottoraisethecowsB.encouragepeopletoplanttheseaweed
C.remindpeopleofcontrollingcows'weightD.callonpeopletotakeactionstoreducethepollution
B
SonjaReddingandherfamilywereontheirwayhometoOmaha,Nebraska,afteraweeklongvisittoWashington,D.C.withhertwosons,oneofwhom,5-year-oldXayvior,hasautism(自闭症).
Althoughalloftheotherflightshadgonefine,Xayviorbecameangryduringoneoftheflights,andReddingcouldn’tcalmhim.
“Itfeltlikeeveryoneontheplanewaslookingatusandgotangrywithmyson,”shewroteinaFacebookpostaftershegothome.“Idon’tknowwhattodowhenothersjustdon’tunderstandthatheisnotjustakidwithnodiscipline(自制力),butachildwithspecialneedswhodoesn’tknowhowtocontrolhimself.”
ThedaywassavedbyDeltaflightattendant(空乘人员)AmandaAmburgy.ShetriedtohelpXayviorwatchamovie,butwhenthatfailed,sheofferedtotakehimonatouroftheairplane.Thatworked,andsoonthechildwasnotonlycalm,buthavingagoodtime.
“Whentheycameback,Xayviorwasmuchcalmerandhappier,”wroteReddinginthepost,whichnowhas2,700likesandover500shares.“IwanttothankthisDeltaattendant.Shedidn’tjudge,andshejustshowedlove.Weneedmorepeoplelikethisintheworld.”
Itwasn’tlongbeforeAmburgywastoldaboutthepost.“We’retheretohelp,andthat’swhatwewanttodo,”shesaidinaninterview.“So,wealwayswanttomakeanythingeasierforthefamilyaswellasotherpassengers.”
ShealsosharedwhatshefeltwhenshereadRedding’sstory.“WhenIreadit,ittouchedmyheart.It’ssomethingIwoulddoforanyoneontheplane,becausethat’swhatI’mherefor.Itreallymadeadifferenceinherlife.”
4.HowdidReddingfeelontheplane?
A.Tired.B.Uncomfortable.
C.Veryangry.D.Deeplyafraid.
5.WhatdidAmburgydotohelpthefamily?
A.Sheaskedthefamilytostaybesideher.
B.Sheaskedtheotherpassengersforhelp.
C.Shetriedherbesttocalmtheboy.
D.Shehelpedlookaftertheotherboy.
6.WhydidReddingpostthestory?
A.Toshowherthanks.
B.Tohelpkidswithautism.
C.TogetintouchwithAmburgy.
D.Tosharehertravelexperience.
7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAmburgy?
A.Proud.B.Honest.
C.Hard-working.D.Warm-hearted.
C
Lastsummer,MariaandhermothermovedfromtheirhouseinthecountrysidetoaflatbuildinginChicago.Mariareallylikedsomethingsaboutthecity,butshemissedherhouseandyardinthecountryside.
Oneday,Mariawasinherflatbuildingwhenshenoticedherneighbor,Mrs.Garcia,carryingagardeningtoolandabagofsoil.MariawonderedhowMrs.Garciawasabletogardeninthecity.
“Mymomusedtogrowthemostdeliciousvegetables,andIknowshemisseshergardennowthatwedon’thaveayard,”saidMaria.
Mrs.Garcialaughed.“I’llshowyou,”shesaid.
MariathoughtthatMrs.Garciawouldtakehertothepark,butshetookhertotheroof.Whenthedooropened,Mariawassurprisedtoseerowsofflowersandvegetablesontheroof.
“Whatawonderfulgarden!
”saidMaria.
Mrs.GarciatoldMariathatforalongtimetheroofwasjustanemptyspace.Thensomeofthepeopleinthebuildingaskedtheownerstoturnitintoacommunitygarden.Thebuildingownerslikedtheideabecausetheplantsnotonlyhelpedtokeeptheairclean,buttheyalsohelpedtokeepthebuildingcoolerduringwarmerweather.
“Iplantflowersinmyownplace,”Mrs.Garciasaid,“butyouwouldbesurprisedbyhowdifferenttheplantsareuphere.Somepeoplegrowvegetablesjustlikeyourmom.Youcandosomeofthesamethingsinthecityasinthecountryside.Youjusthavetobecreative!
”
8.WheredidMrs.GarciatakeMariatooneday?
A.Thepark.B.Theroof.
C.Thegardeninfrontofherhouse.D.Thecountryside.
9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthegoodsideofthecommunitygarden?
A.Itmadethebuildingstronger.B.Ithelpedkeeptheairclean.
C.Ithelpedkeepthebuildingcooler.D.Itusedtheemptyspacewell.
10.AfterMariavisitedthegarden,shewouldmostprobablyaskhermomto________.
A.gobacktothecountrysideB.pickflowersfromthegarden
CshowheraroundtheparkD.growvegetablesontheroof
11.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.ACreativeLadyB.AnEmptyRoofC.ARooftopGardenD.ASpecialBuilding
D
AboutamonthafterIjoinedFacebook,IgotacallfromLoriGoler,ahighlyregardedseniordirectorofmarketingateBay.Shemadeitclearthiswasabusinesscall.“IwanttoapplytoworkwithyouatFacebook,”shesaid.“Insteadofrecommendingmyself,Iwanttoaskyou:
Whatisyourbiggestproblem,andhowcanIsolveit?
”
Myjawhitthefloor.Ihadhiredthousandsofpeopleoverthepreviousdecadeandnoonehadeversaidanythingremotelylikethat.Peopleusuallyfocusonfindingtherightroleforthemselves,withtheimplicationthattheirskillswillhelpthecompany.LoriputFacebook’sneedsfrontandcenter.Itwasakillerapproach.Iresponded,“Recruitingismybiggestproblem.And,yes,youcansolveit.”
Lorineverdreamedshewouldworkinrecruiting,butshejumpedin.Sheevenagreedtotradeearningsforacquiringnewskillsinanewfield.Lorididagreatjobrunningrecruitingandwithinmonthswaspromotedtohercurrentjob,leadingPeople@Facebook.
Themostcommonmetaphorforcareersisaladder,butthisconceptnolongerappliestomostworkers.Asof2010,theaverageAmericanhadelevenjobsfromtheagesofeighteentoforty-sixalone.LorioftenquotesPattieSellers,whocameupwithamuchbettermetaphor:
“Careersareajunglegym,notaladder.”
AsLoridescribesit,there’sonlyonewaytogettothetopofaladder,buttherearemanywaystogettothetopofajunglegym.Thejunglegymmodelbenefitseveryone,butespeciallywomenwhomightbestartingcareers,switchingcareers,gettingblockedbyexternalbarriers,orreenteringtheworkforceaftertakingtimeoff.Theabilitytocreateauniquepathwithoccasionaldips,detours(弯路),andevendeadendspresentsgreatviewsofmanypeople,notjustthoseatthetop.Onaladder,mostclimbersarestuckstaringatthebuttofthepersonabove.
12.WhydidLorimakethecall?
A.ShehelpedFacebooktosolvethebiggestproblem.
B.ShewantedtomakeabusinessdealwithFacebook.
C.ShetriedtoaskforapayriseinFacebook.
D.ShewantedtobecomeanemployeeinFacebook.
13.Whatimpressed“I”byLori?
A.Loriwasgoodatrunningrecruiting.
B.LoriattachedgreatimportancetoFacebook’sneeds.
C.LorijumpedinFacebookwithnoadequateexperience.
D.LoriwasskilledinmarketingateBay.
14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Nowallpeopledon’ttendtoclimbtheladder.
B.Noneontheladdercanenjoythegreatviews.
C.Junglegymsofferlimitedexplorationforemployees.
D.Apregnantwoman,jobless,benefitslittlefromthejunglegyms.
15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A
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