在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案.docx
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在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案.docx
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在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案
2013在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案
Everyartistknowsinhisheartthatheissayingsomethingtothepublic.Notonlydoeshewantsosayitwell,buthewantsittobesomethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.Hehopesthepublicwilllistenandunderstand-hewantstoteachthem,andhewantsthemtolearnfromhim.Whatvisualartistslikepainterswanttoteachiseasytomakeoutbutdifficulttoexplain,becausepainterstranslatetheirexperiencesintoshapesandcolors,notwords.Theyseemtofeelthatacertainselectionofshapesandcolors,outofthecountlessbillionspossible,isexceptionallyinterestingforthemandworthshowingtous.Withouttheirworkweshouldneverhavenoticedtheseparticularshapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedelightwhichtheybroughttotheartist.Mostartiststaketheirshapesandcolorsfromtheworldofnatureandfromhumanbodiesinmotionandrepose;theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthlookingat,thattheycontainbeautifulsights.Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoosesubjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,thatthereisnothingmoreinit.Yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects.Ifonepainterchoosestopaintagangrenous(生坏疽的)legandanotheralakeinmoonlight,eachofthemisdirectingourattentiontoacertainaspectoftheworld.Eachpainteristellingussomething,showingussomething,emphasizingsomething---allofwhichmeanthat,consciouslyorunconsciously,heistryingtoteachus.
1.Allartistsarecommoninthat_____.
[A]theyuseshapesandcolorsinsteadofwords
[B]theyaretryingtoteachthepublic
[C]whattheywanttoteachisdifficulttoexplain
[D]theywanttolearnfromthepublic
2.Apainterchoosescertainshapesandcolorsoutofthecountlessbillionspossiblebecausehebelievesthey_____.
[A]arebeautiful
[B]canbringdelighttohim
[C]areworthshowingtothepublic
[D]areparticular
3.Contemporaryartistschoosesubjects_____.
[A]withoutreferencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects
[B]thatonlyprovideaninterestingpattern
[C]thatthereisnomeaninginit
[D]partlyforthemeaningofthesubjects
4.Comparingthepainterwhopaintsagangrenouslegwiththeonewhopaintsalakeinmoonlight,wecandrawtheconclusionthat_____.
[A]bothconveythesamemeaning
[B]bothshowcertainaspectsoftheworld
[C]thelatterismoremeaningful
[D]theformerismoremeaningful
5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollwoingstatementsistrue?
[A]Thepubliccouldsharetheartist’sfeelingsthroughtheirchoiceofshapesandcolors.
[B]Thepaintershouldnotchoosetopaintuglythings.
[C]Contemporaryartistsarecompletelydifferentfromotherartists.
[D]Allartistsareteachingthepublicconsciously.
参考答案:
BCBBAInSwitzerland,sixmileswestofGeneva,liesacollectionoflaboratoriesandbuildings,andmostcuriousofall,acircularmoundofearthmorethan650feetindiameter.Thisclusterhasuniqueimportance.ItisEurope’soneandonlyatomiccitydedicatedtoinvestigatingtheatomforpeacefulpurposes.ThestrangebuildingsbelongtotheEuropeanCouncilforNuclearResearch,morepopularlyknown,fromitsFrenchinitials,asCERN.ThecouncilwasbornwhenahandfulofstatesmanandscientificexpertsmetinParisin1950.Theiraimwasto“establishanorganizationprovidingforcollaborationamongEuropeanstatesinnuclearresearchofapurescientificandfundamentalcharacter”.TheCERNagreementwassignedin1953,andworkontheatomiccitybeganin1954.TodayCERN’sfacilitiesareamongthemostmodernandthemostdiversifiedonesintheworld.Impressiveasthescientificaspectmaybe,therealsignificanceofCERNmayliewiththethousandpeople---thescientists,labworkers,andadministrativecrewdrawnfromthefourteenmembernations---whopopulateit.BritishengineersworksidebysidewithSwisselectricians,Yugoslavnuclearphysicists,andDutchmathematicians.TheofficiallanguagesareFrenchandEnglish,withGermananunofficialthird.ButCERNisnotowerofBabel---thelanguageofscienceisuniversalandallembracing.
1.Thelaboratoriesandbuildingsdiscussedinthepassagebelongto_____.
[A]aprivateresearchorganization
[B]Switzerland
[C]theEuropeanCouncilforNuclearResearch
[D]theUnitedNationa
2.Theclusterhasuniquesignificancebecauseitis_____.
[A]Europe’sonlyatomiccity
[B]acitydevotedtonuclearresearch
[C]acitydedicatedtoinvestigatingtheatomforpeacefulpurposes
[D]aclearinghousefortheworld’snuclearresearch
3.CERN’sfacilitiesforresearchare_____.
[A]limitedbuteffective
[B]amongthebestintheworld
[C]rapidlyexpanding
[D]bothaandc
4.ThepassagesaysthatCERNisnotatowerofBabelbecause_____.
[A]workisthecommondenominatorofallthestaff
[B]thelanguageofscienceisuniversal
[C]CERNhadadoptedonlytwoofficiallanguages
[D]alltheworkersaredrawnfromonecountry
5.TherealsignificanceofCERNmaylieinitsstaffbecausethey_____.
[A]workininternationalharmony
[B]comefromallovertheworld
[C]areinvestigatingallphasesofhumanconduct
[D]areeliminatingtheproblemsofindividualrationalism
参考答案:
CCBBA Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknownisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actions,andthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtorepresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown,thesesounds,whetherspoken,orwritteninletterswecallwords.
Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociations-thethingstheybringupbeforeourminds,Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotions.Thischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle(文体).Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar(粗俗的).
1.Whichistrueaboutoriginoflanguage?
[A]Men,aswellasanimals,inventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughts.
[B]Theoriginoflanguageisacomplicatedquestion.
[C]Wordsdidnothavewrittenform,atfirst.
[D]Wordswereinventedtorepresentmeanings.
2.Thepowerofwordsliesin_____.
[A]thefactthatitcanassociatethethingsintheworldwiththeideasinourmind
[B]thefactthatonewordisconnectedwithanother
[C]thefactthatitcanassociateonepersonwithanother
[D]thefactthatitcanrecalltoustheeventsofourpast
3.Inordernottomakeourspeechsillyandvulgar,weshould_____.
[A]usewordsthatcanmovementotears
[B]choosewordswithcareandaccuracy
[C]becomeamasterofwords
[D]usewordswhichsinglikemusic
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?
[A]Themorewereadandlearn,thelargerourvocabularywillbe.
[B]Thelongerwelive,thenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.
[C]Wordscanbeusedtorepresentvariousmeanings.
[D]Literarystyleausuallyverycharming.
5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.
[A]Themeaningofwords
[B]Thecharacteristicsofwords
[C]Theoriginofwords
[D]Thepowerofwords
参考答案:
CABBD Therearevariouswayinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.
Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeracteachotherthethemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transcationsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.
Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachkindofgoodsandservicesshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan.drawnupbygovernment,showsamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleorcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.
Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:
everyperson’splacewith--intheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingroupofcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,
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