名词和冠词.docx
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名词和冠词.docx
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名词和冠词
名词和冠词
名词考点的设置:
一、名词的数;
二、名词作定语;
三、名词的所有格;
四、近义名词的辨析;
一、名词的数;
1.可数名词变复数:
1)book--books
2)bus--______;box--______
3)church--_______;brush--_______
4)city--_______
5)potato--_______;tomato--_______
hero--_________;negro--_______
(“黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯”+es)
radio--_______;photo--________
特殊形式:
6)man--_______;woman--_________
7)Frenchman--___________
German--____________
British--_____________
Chinese--_____________
Canadian--____________
8)knife/life--____________
leaf/wolf--____________
gulf/chief/roof/safe/proof/________
belief/relief___________________
9)father-in-law______________
passer-by____________
store-keeper__________
tooth-brush___________
editor-in-chief__________
grown-up__________
go-between__________
2.下列复数名词的意以:
thegreens________
thefruits
thesilks
thewaters
thesands
theirons
thegoods
thewoods
theglasses
theworks
thearms
theforces
thepapers
thetimes
thegreyhairs
themanners
themeans
thedirections/instructions
theashes
thecustoms
3.注意不可数名词—〉具体化后变可数
takesb.bysurprise
giveasurprise
Enjoyyourtime.
Haveagoodtime
(一个/一次/一股)
4.注意以下的集体名词:
(谓语是单数还是复数?
看情形)
people;police;class;family;staff/crew/
government/company/group/team/
audience/cattle…
二、名词作定语:
1)表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语,一般用单数形式。
abookstore(s)awatchcounter
trafficlightssummerholidayseveningdresses
2)但在个别情况下,也有需用复数的。
sportsmeet(/meeting/clothes/car)
theUnitedStatesgovernment
studentsreading-room
goodstrain
twomendoctors
aclothesshop
thecustomsoffice
三、名所有格:
Peter’smother
PeterandMary’smother
Peter’sandMary’smother
注意:
1.无生命的名词所有格:
thewindowsofthehouse
2.表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格
today’snewspaper
anhour’sride
theearth’ssurface
China’stea
Haikou’spopulation
3.双重所有格
thephotosofme
thephotosofmine
4.表示店铺或某人的家时:
thetailor’s
theWang’s
theflorist’s
冠词
1.定冠词(the)的基本用法:
①表示上文提到过的人或事物。
Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisvery
useful.
②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或
事物。
Closethewindow,please.
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld
④用于表示方位的名词之前。
theeast,theright.
⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。
thefirst,thetallest
⑥用于形容词之前,使其名词化。
thesick,thewounded
⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。
theUnitedStates,theUnitedNation
thestudents’union,
theWorldHealthOrganization
⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。
theChangjiangRiver,theEastLake
⑨用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。
theSmiths;theTangs
⑩用于乐器的名词前。
playthepiano;playtheviolin
⑾ 发明物。
ThecompasswasinventedinChina.
⑿ 年代名词前。
Helivedinthecountrysideinthe1970s.
⒀ 固定词组中。
inthemorning(afternoon,evening),
ontheotherhand,atthesametime
2、不定冠词的基本用法:
①泛指一个。
如:
Thereisabookonthetable.
②指人或事物的某一种类。
如:
Hisfatherisadriver.
Longjingisawonderfultea.
③指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。
如:
MysisterwassavedbyaPLAmaninthefire.
④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。
如:
Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.
⑤表示同样的。
如:
Theyareofanage.
⑥表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。
如:
Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.
⑦使抽象名词具体化。
如:
Thelittlegirlisahelptohermother.(ahand译"帮手")
⑧用于否定句的比较级中,表示最高级
如:
Youcannot/neverfindabetterone.
但amostvaluable–>averyvaluable
(9)固定搭配。
如:
asamatteroffact,
inahurry,
inaword
3、不用冠词的情况:
(零冠词)
①表示总称的复数名词之前。
如:
Childrenlovecartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。
)
②不含普通名词的专有名词前。
如:
WearestudyingEnglish.cf.theGreatWall
③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。
如:
Ilikethispicture.
Idonothaveanymoney.
Astimewenton,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.
④季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。
如:
Shelikesspringmost.
⑤呼语前不用冠词。
如:
WhatshallIdonext,Mother?
⑥三餐饭前不用冠词。
如:
Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?
⑦节假日前不用冠词。
如:
ChristmasDayFather’sDay
但theChineseSpringFestival
theLantern’sDay
⑧球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。
如:
Sheisfondofplayingbasketball.
⑨在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。
如:
arminarm(手挽手);
handinhand(手牵手);
sidebyside(肩对肩);
dayandday(日日夜夜);
youngandold(老老少少);
fromdoortodoor(挨门挨户);
frombeginningtoend(从头到尾);
frommorningtillnight(从早到晚);
fromhandtomouth(现挣现吃地;仅够糊口地)
名词和冠词的强化练习
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示填空。
1.It’sbad_____(礼貌)toshowoffyourlearningbeforeothers.
2.TheGreenshavetwo____(孩子).
3.The____(怀特一家)willmakeajourneyaroundtheworldduringthewintervacation.
4.TheIndiangirlmadeforty____(男)friendsandfifty_____(女)friends.
5.Iwastoldtoreadthe____(说明书)onthebottlecarefullybeforetakingmedicine.
6.Americanscientistshavedonelotsof_____(分析)tofindoutwhethertheUFOdoesappearamongus.
7.HewenttoNewYorkby_____(手段,方法)ofplane.
8.Thenewly-electedpresidentObamaisbusydealingwithinternationalandnational_____(事务).
9.Iwasat_____(理发店)tohavemyhaircut.
10._____(丽丽和露西的)parentsaregoodfriends.
Keys:
1.manners2.children3.Whites
4.boy/men,girl/women
5.instructions/directions
6.analysisanalyses7.means8.affairs9.thebarber’s/thehairdresser’s
10.Lily’sandLucy’s
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.IdroppedinonmyuncleafterIcalledatthetailor.
2.Goingonahikeisagreatfuninspring.
3.Goodnewstoyou,everybody.Awordcamethatoursalarywastoberaised.
4.Whatpleasantsurpriseitisthatourfootballwonatlast!
5.TomandJack’sfathersarebothpresentatthemeeting.
6.XiaoWanghasmadeagreatprogressinhisEnglishstudy.
7.MyuncleisaprincipaloftheNo1MiddleSchool.
8.Itisknowntoallthatanearthmovesaroundamoon.
9.TheTaiwanStraitisinsouthofChina.
10.Thereisa“s”intheword.
11.Mysisterislearningaflute.
12.Workersarepaidbyaday.
13.There’remanycattlesandcowsonhisfather’sfarm.
14.DuringmystayinLondonIvisitedmanyplacesofinterests.
15.Thecomputerisanusefulmachinethatcandomanythingsforus.
16.Westoppedtorestforawhileandtodrinksomewatersfromastream.
17.ShehasgoodknowledgeofEnglish.
18.I’llgotoseemymother.Sheisillinthehospital.
19.Mostthegirlsarefondofbeautifuldresses.
20.Ihaveneverseenthebetterfilmbefore.
Keys:
1.tailor改为tailor’s;2.去掉great前的a;3.去掉a;4.pleasant前加a;5.Tom改为Tom’s;6.把a去掉;7.把a去掉8.a,an改为the9.south前加the10.a改为an字母11.flute前加theflute“笛子”,乐器前需加定冠词。
12.a改为the;13.cattles变为cattle;14.interests变为interest;15.an变为a16.waters–water17.has∧a18.most∧of;去掉the20.the-a
单项选择
1.Igotoworkveryearly.Idon’tusuallyhave______breakfast,butIalwayseat______goodsupper.
A.不填;a B.不填;不填
C.the;不填 D.不填;the
2.October1stis___NationalDayof____People’sRepublicofChina.
A.a;theB./;/
C./;theDthe;/
3.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist______drawingmillionsofvisitorsfromallpartsoftheworldeveryyear.
A.interest B.view C.scene D.attraction
4.Thingsof_____kindcometogether;peopleof____kindfallinto____samegroup.
A.the;the;theB.a;a;theC.the;the;aDa;a;a
5.Theyoungstudentis_____asawriter.It’s____toallhisteachers.
A.success,surpriseB.asuccess,asurprise
C.asuccess,surpriseD.success,asurprise
6.Theexperimentturnedouttobe____,whichwasn’t______theywanted.
A.acompletelyfailing;as B.acompletefailure;what
C.completelyfailure;that D.failed;不填
7.RecentlyCCTVStationhastakengreatpainstomakeaprogramthatreviewstheimportant_____ofthe60thanniversaryofChina.
A.affairsB.eventsC.mattersD.things
8.Doyouknowthe___ofthesayingIjustquoted?
A.courseB.resourceC.sourceD.cause
9.(09安徽)Wecanneverexpectbluerskyunlesswecreatelesspollutedworld.
A.the;theB.a;theC.the;aD.a;a
10.(09江西)The____________shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto__________car.
A.girl’s;Tom’sB.girls’;Toms’
C.girls’;Tom’sD.girl’s;Toms’
11.(09浙江)Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy______tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.
A.approachB.passageC.wayD.access
12.(09四川)Inordertofind_______betterjob,hedecidedtostudy_________secondforeignlanguage.
A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the
13.(2007福建)—Howabout____Christmaseveningparty?
—Ishouldsayitwas____success.
A.a;aB.The;aC.a;不填D.the;不填
14.(2007重庆卷)Gorgecouldn’trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwas_____Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat_______church.
A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;a
15.(2007全国卷)—Couldyoutellmethewayto____Johnsons,please?
—Sorry,wedon’thave____Johnsonhereinthevillage.
A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/
16.(2007山东)Ican’tsaywhichwineisbest—it’sa(n)_______ofpersonaltaste
A.affairB.eventC.matterD.variety
17.(2007安徽)Thepracticeofhangingclothesacrossthestreetisacommon_____inmanypartsofthecity.
A.lookB.signC.sightD.appearance
18.Manydriverswerepraisedfortheirexcellentworkatthemeeting,includingtwo______drivers,whohad______.
A.woman;afewwhitehairs B.women’s;whitehair
C.women;somewhitehairs D.woman’s;manywhitehairs
19.(2007福建).—Youarealwaysfullof_______.Canyoutellmethesecret?
—Takingplentyofexerciseeveryday.
A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.energy
20.一Whaton____earthdoyoulikemostin_____world?
一Ihope_____worldis_____peacefulandfairworld.
A.the;the;the;theB./;the;the;/
C./;the;the;aD.the;the;the;a
Keys:
1-5ACDBB6-10BBCDC11–15DBBCB16–20CCCDC
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