大学英语一复习题.docx
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大学英语一复习题.docx
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大学英语一复习题
大学英语
(一)复习题
Directions:
Therearesixpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
Passage1
Whocoinedthetermpersonalcomputer?
TheOxfordEnglishDictionarysaysBytemagazineuseditfirst,initsMay1976issue.ButYaleLawSchoollibrarianFredShapirodecidedtodosomediggingonhisown--withhelpfromJSTOR,anonlineelectronicdatabaseforacademic(学术的)journals.JSTOR'sartsandsciencesarchive(档案)offersscansof5millionpagesfrom117journals,somedatingback150years.Usingcharacter-recognitionsoftware,JSTORcreatessearchablefilesforeachdocument(文件),allowingfull-textsearchesacross15academicfields.
(S3)Whilesearchingfortheoriginofpersonalcomputer,Shapirouncoveredseveralcompetingclaims.StewartBrand,founderofWholeEarthCatalog,saysonhisWebsitethathefirstreferredtoa"personalcomputer"ina1974book;andGUIpioneerAlanKayissaidtohaveusedtheterminapaperpublishedin1972.
ButasearchonJSTOR'sgeneralsciencearchiveturnedupwhatShapirosaysistheearliestrecordeduseofpersonalcomputer,intheOctober4,1968,issueofScience.TheissuecontainsaHewlett-PackardadvertisementforitsnewHP9100A."ThenewHewlett-Packard9100Apersonalcomputer,"theadvertisementsays,is"ready,willingandable…torelieveyouofwaitingtogetonthebigcomputer."The$4,900device--adesktopscientificcalculatorequippedwithmagneticcards-doesn'tseemlikemuchofacomputernowadays.Andat40pounds,itwasn'tverypersonal,either.ButaccordingtoShapiro,itwasthefirstdevicetobecalledapersonalcomputer.
1.Theterm"personalcomputer"firstappeared________.
A.inBytemagazine
B.inaHewlett-PackardadinScience
C.ina1974book
D.inapaperpublishedbyAlanKay
2.WhatisJSTOR?
A.Itisanonlinedatabase.
B.Itisanacademicjournal.
C.Itisakindofcomputersoftware.
D.Itisaresearchorganization.
3.Shapirosucceededinhissearchfortheoriginofthetermpersonalcomputerby________.
A.lookingintotheOxfordEnglishDictionary
B.diggingintomagazinesthataremorethan150yearsold
C.scanningJSTOR'sgeneralsciencearchiveonline
D.ocusingonacademicjournalssuchasScience
4.WithaHP9100A,accordingtotheHewlett-Packardadvertisement,you________.
A.caneasilygetonthebigcomputer.
B.don'thavetogetonthebigcomputer
C.cansavealotofmoney.
D.willbewillingandreadytodoscientificwork
5.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthefirstdevicethatwascalledapersonalcomputer?
A.ItlookedverydifferentfromthePCweknowtoday.
B.Itwassmall,lightandeasytocarryaround.
C.Itwasasefficientasabigcomputer.
D.Itrelievedpeopleofagreatdealoftediouswork
Passage2
Thereareseveralwaysoftestingtheintelligence(智力)ofanimals.Inonetest,somescientistsputthreeplatesonthetable.Whiletheanimalwatched,theyputfoodunderoneoftheplates.Thentheytooktheanimalaway.Sometimelater,theybroughtitbacktoseeifitrememberedwhichplatehadthefood.Theideaistofindouthowlongananimal’smemorycanlast.Thescientistswouldtryshowingtheplatetotheanimalonehourlater,ortwohourslater,orevenafulldaylater.Theyfoundoutthatchimpanzeesandelephantshavethebestmemory,andre-abletorememberthecorrectplateforatleasttwentyhours.Nootheranimalisclose.Dogscomenext,buttheycanonlyrememberforninehours.Thescientistsmadealargemaze(迷宫)andranthechimpanzeesandelephantsthroughit.Themazewasverydifficultwithmanydeadends.Ittookthechimpanzeestenminutestofindtheirwayout.Theelephantsneededhalfanhour.Thetestshowedthatchimpanzeesarethecleverestanimals.
Fromthisandotherteststhescientistsfoundoutananimal’sintelligencedependsonthesizeofitsbraintothesizeofitsbody.Theelephant’sbrainistenpounds,butthisisonly1/600ofitsbody.Achimpanzee’sbrainisaboutonepound,andit’s1/120ofitsbody.Sothechimpanzeehasfivetimesasmuchbrainastheelephant–morebrain.
6.Thefirsttestwasmadetotestananimal’s_________.
A.noseB.memoryC.eyesD.patience
7.Thispassagetellsusthatelephants_________.
A.arethecleverestanimalsB.areclevererthanchimpanzees
C.haveworsememoriesthandogsD.arelesscleverthanchimpanzees
8.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Scientistshavefoundoutthesecretoftheintelligenceofanimals.
B.Dogsarelessusefulthanelephants.
C.Chimpanzeesandelephantshavebettermemoriesthanpeople.
D.Theheavierananimal’sbrainsis,theclevereritis.
9.Ifananimal’sbodyis2100poudns,andithasa3–poundbrain,itis_________.
A.ascleverasachimpanzeeB.clevererthananelephant
C.lesscleverthananelephantD.ascleverasanelephant
10.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.Wanttoknowabouttheintelligenceofanimals
B.Thechimpanzee’sbrain
C.Theelephant’smemory
D.Wheretotestanimals’memory
Passage3
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thisstorybeganabout10yearsago.Iwascomingoutofaverybadmarriage.Forsevenlongyearsmyhusbandspenthiseverywakingmomenttellingmejustwhatwaswrongwithme.WhenIfinallyaskedforadivorce,heansweredbytellingmethatIwouldneverfindanyonetolovemebecauseIwasjustsounattractive.Thiswentonforabouttwoyears.Onenightoneofmyfriendsconvincedmetogooutwithher.WewenttoanightclubandthatiswhenImethim.
Clintwasplayingagamewithagirl.Isatinthecornerwatchinghim.Ididn'tfeelthatIhadwhateverittooktogetupandmixwithothersbecauseofmyself-esteem(自尊心)problem.FinallyIgotupthecouragetoorderadrinkforhim.Whenhegotit,hegavemethemostdazzling(感人的)smile.WespenttherestoftheeveningtalkinguntilIrealizedthatitwasalmostmorning.IfiguredthathewassimplybeingnicetomebecauseIhadboughthimadrink,buttheverynextdayhecalledandtoldmethathecouldnotstopthinkingaboutmeandthathewantedtomeetmykidstoo.
About3monthslater,mydivorcewasfinalandClintsatmyboysdownandaskedthemifitwasallrightwiththemifheaskedmetomarryhimbecausehecouldnotimaginelifewithoutthethreeofusanymore.Iwassotouchedthathewenttomyboysandaskedfortheirapproval(同意)becausetheywerethe"menofthehouse"attheripeoldagesof2and4.Theysaidyesandwehaveallbeentogethereversince.Clintgavemeandmyboysasecondchanceatawonderfullife.Notadaygoesbythathedoesn'ttellusthatwearethebestthingthateverhappenedtohimandthathelovesus.
11.Thewriter'sfirstmarriagewasunsuccessfulbecause________.
A.herhusbandoftenwokeherupatmidnight
B.herhusbandkeptcriticizingher
C.shewasunattractive
D.shehadaself-esteemproblem
12.Whenthewriteraskedforadivorce,herhusband________.
A.toldherthatshewouldneverfindonewholovedherashedid
B.delayedtwoyearsbeforegivingherareply
C.accusedherofhavinganaffair
D.saidthatshewasunattractiveandnotworthloving
13.WhenthewriterfirstmetClint,shefeltthat________.
A.sheshouldhavelistenedtoherfriendandmetClintearlier
B.Clintwasanice,dazzlingyoungman
C.Clintcouldnotbereallyinterestedinher
D.shewouldfindtrueloveinClint
14.ThewriterwasparticularlytouchedbyClintbecause________.
A.helovedthekidsandaskedfortheirapprovalofthemarriage
B.hesaidthathecouldnotimaginealifewithoutherandthekids
C.hebelievedthatat2and4,thetwokidswerethe"menofthehouse"
D.hekepthercompanyandtalkedwithheruntilthenextmorning
15.Thewriter'smarriagetoClintisimportanttohermainlybecause________.
A.itgaveherandhersonsasecondchancetoliveahappylife
B.everydayClintwouldtellthewriterthathelovedher
C.ithelpedhertoregainherselfrespect
D.itmadeherkidshappy,whichisallshecaredabout
Passage4
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
At26,JaneGoodallhadnocollegeeducationorsciencetraining.Butsincechildhood,shehadbeendreamingofworkingcloselywithanimalsinAfrica."Allthroughmychildhoodpeoplesaidyoucan'tgotoAfrica.You'reagirl,"Goodallsays.Butmymotherusedtosay,ifyoureallywantto,there'snothingyoucan'tdo."
In1957,the26-year-oldGoodalljourneyedtoKenyatoworkasasecretary.ShealsoarrangedtomeetthefamousscientistLouisLeakey,whowassoimpressedbyherenthusiasmthathehiredherashisassistant.ShewentwithhimonmanytripstotheAfricanjungle(丛林)andin1960LeakeysentGoodalltoliveamongchimpanzeesinaremoteanimalpreserve(禁猎地),recordingtheanimals'behaviorandinteractions.
ForthreemonthsGoodallmadelittleprogress.Butshesays,"Inevercameclosetogivingup."Herbreakthroughcameonedaywhenshesawamalechimpanzeestickabladeofgrassintoatermite(白蚁)hill,thenputthegrassinhismouth.Afterwardsheapproachedthehillanddidthesame.Pullingthegrassout,shediscovereddozensoftermitesclingingtoit.Thediscovery--thatsomeanimalsusetools--wasunknowntomostscientistsatthetime.
Goodallsawchimpanzeesexhibithuman-likeemotions,suchasjealousyandlove.Butshealsodiscoveredtheywerecapableofviolentattacksagainsteachother.
GoodallreceivedherPh.D.inthestudyofanimalbehavioratEngland'sCambridgeUniversity.Nowshetravelsaroundthegloberaisingmoneytopreservewildlife."Ilo
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