山西省永济中学高二英语下学期期末考试试题.docx
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山西省永济中学高二英语下学期期末考试试题.docx
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山西省永济中学高二英语下学期期末考试试题
山西省永济中学2020高二英语下学期期末考试试题
(本试题满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
考查范围与高考相同。
)
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)
第一节 (共15小题,每小题3分,共45分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Therearemanyuniversitiesthathavebeeninexistenceforalongtimeandarestillverypopularfortheirqualityeducation.Thefollowingarethreeofthem.
UniversityofOxford,England
Thefoundationyearofthisuniversityisaround1096.Thereisevidenceofteachingbeingundertakenthen.Itgainedalotofpopularityintheearly1167,asHenryⅡputabanonEnglishstudentsfromenteringtheUniversityofParis.Itisregardedasoneofthebestplacestogetahighereducationtoday,anditconsistsof38differentcollegesspecializinginvariousfieldsofstudy.
UniversityofSalamanca,Spain
ThisistheoldestuniversityinSpain,andislocatedinthetownofSalamanca,westofMadrid.ItisthethirdoldestuniversityinEuropethathasbeenincontinuousoperationsinceitwasfoundedin1218.Today,itisthemostimportantinstitutionintheworldforstudyinghumanitiesandlanguages.ChristopherColumbusissaidtohaveconsultedwithitsscholarswhenhewasseekingaroutetoIndies.
UniversityofPadua,Italy
ThisisthechiefuniversityofItaly.Itwasstartedasalawschool.Itissaidtobefoundedin1222byagroupofstudentsandprofessors.Theology(神学)andlawwerethefirstsubjectstaughthere.Thefieldsofbotany,history,andtheaterarethemostwell-knownandpursuedcourseshere,andithasestablisheditsgreatnessintheeducatedworld.In2020,itwasrankedasthebestuniversityamongallItalianeducationalinstitutionsforhighereducation.
1.HowdidtheUniversityofOxfordbecomequitepopular?
A.ItreceivedalotoffinancialsupportfromHenryⅡ.
B.Itdecidedtorunmorecoursestoeducatemorestudents.
C.HenryⅡallowedtheuniversitytoacceptforeignstudents.
D.HenryⅡforbadeEnglishstudentstoattendtheUniversityofParis.
2.TheauthormentionsChristopherColumbustoshow.
A.scholarsintheUniversityofSalamancaareknowledgeable
B.ColumbusgraduatedfromtheUniversityofSalamanca
C.Columbuswasgratefulforthehelpprovidedbytheuniversity
D.someofhisfriendsintheuniversityheldafarewellpartyforhim
3.WhatdoweknowabouttheUniversityofPadua?
A.ItislocatedinthewestofMadrid.
B.ItisthethirdoldestuniversityinEurope.
C.Theologyandlawwerethefirstsubjectstaughtthere.
D.Itisthepremierinstitutionintheworldforstudyinghumanities.
B
Everysummerthereareafewreportsofsharkattacksatbeaches,andeveryyearpeopleseemshocked.Herearethefacts:
Sharksliveinthewater,andwhenpeoplegointhewatertheybecomeapotentialfoodsourceforsharks.Sharksattackhumansforthesamereasontheydoanything:
becausetheyaretryingtosurvive.Still,sharkattacksarenotcommon,andifyouheadtothebeachyourchancesofgettingeatenaren’tveryhigh.Mostsharks,especiallythoseclosetoshore,aren’tbigenoughtothreatenyou.
Thewhalesharkistechnicallythelargestsharkintheworldatamaximumlengthofaroundfiftyfeet.However,thewhalesharkisafilterfeeder(滤食动物),andunlessyouareplankton(浮游生物),youhavenothingtofearfromit.
Sharksaredangerousanimals,andifyoudecidetogointothewater,youareenteringtheirarea.Butthesadtruthisthatsharkshavefarmoretofearfromhumansthanwedofromthem.Illegalfishingpracticeshavedecreasedthesharkpopulationaroundtheworld,andfewspeciesgounscathed.Whenasharkattacksahumantheyareonlytryingtosurvive,buthumanshavedestroyedthesharkpopulationfornoreasonotherthangreed.Asmuchasyoumayfearsharks,theyareaveryimportantpartofthenaturalworld.Withpropereducationandconservationeffortsmanyspeciescancomeback,butonlyifenoughpeopleareinterestedinmakingadifference.
Ahealthyfearofsharksoranywildanimalisagoodthing.Itremindsusofourplaceintheworldfromtimetotime.And,remember,thesurestwaytoavoidasharkattackistostayoutofthewater!
4.Whydosharksattackhumanseverysummer?
A.Theywanttodrivehumansaway.
B.Theywanttosurvive.
C.Theytreathumansasinterestingtoys.
D.Theybecomestrongafterattackinghumans.
5.Whatcanweknowaboutthewhalesharkfromthetext?
A.Itmainlyfeedsonplanktonintheoceans.
B.Itisthesecondlargestsharkintheworld.
C.Itcangrowtoaminimumlengthof50feet.
D.Itisthemostdangerousanimalforhumans.
6.Whatshouldhumansdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?
A.Benefitfromallwildanimals.
B.Avoidfearingsharksofallkinds.
C.Liveinharmonywithwildanimals.
D.Stayinsharks’areawhileswimming.
7.Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?
A.Protectiveeffortshaven’tmadeanydifference.
B.Humanshavemoretofearfromsharksthantheydofromus.
C.Thesharkpopulationhasdecreasedgreatlybecauseofhumangreed.
D.Humanshavebecomegreediereversincesharksbegantoattackhmans.
C
Withtheriseofdigitaltechnology,papermapshavegraduallygivenwaytosatellite-aidedtravel.Ofcourse,therearenumerousadvantagesofGPS.Youdonotneedtounderstandcomplexmapsymbolsorplotoutyourroute.You’relesslikelytogetlostbecauseGPSannouncesturn-by-turndirectionsinrealtime.GPSautomaticallyupdatesitself.Itinformsyouoftrafficjamsandchangesyourrouteifnecessary.
Butevenwithsomanypluses,GPSisn’tasreliableoraccurateasyoumightthink.Physicalmapsstillofferafewadvantagesthattechnologycan’t.Foronething,studyingamapallowsyoutohaveawholeviewofwhereyou’regoing,includingtheroads,forests,towns,historicsites,rivers,mountainsandcitiesyou’llrunintoalongtheway.Yousimplydon’tgetthatfromasmallGPSscreenthatshowslittlemorethanyournextexit.AccordingtoBetsyMason,authorof“AllOverTheMap:
ACartographicOdyssey”,mapscanbefarmorethanjustnavigational(导航的)aid.Hethinksmanyoldermapsarebrilliant,offeringalovelyfeastfortheeyes.Plus,theycantakeyoubackintime,showingyouhowplacestransformacrosstheages.
Mapsevenoccasionallybringaboutsurprisingresults.Forexample,whengeologistscomparedmapsofdamagefromthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewithmapsofthegeologicstructureundertheseareas,theyquicklynoticedaconnectionbetweenthetypeofrockandsediment(沉积物)beneathbuildingsandtheirpossibilityoffallingdown.
Apapermapisamust-haveforyourtravels.Sonexttimeyougetaround,alsocarryapapermaporabookofmapsasahandybackup.Itwillincreaseyourtravelexperiencesandcouldevenbealife-saver.
8.OneadvantageofGPSisthat.
A.itisregularlyupdatedB.itguaranteesnotrafficjams
C.itofferstotallyreliableinformationD.ithelpsyouunderstandmapsymbols
9.WhatdoesMasonthinkaboutoldmaps?
A.Theyareworthalotofmoney.B.Theyhelpusexploreaplace’spast.
C.TheytellussomelocaltraditionsD.Theyofferafullpictureofthedestination.
10.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusbytheexampleinParagraph3?
A.Mapsplayedaroleinsavingvictims.B.Mapsmayleadtoimportantdiscoveries.
C.WeshouldusemapstopredictthequakeD.Weshouldlearnlessonsfromthedisaster.
11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.AdvantagesofUsingGPSB.WaysofUsingPaperMaps
C.AreDigitalMapsontheRise?
D.WhyWeStillNeedPaperMaps?
D
Itsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue,butanewstudyonsleepingbrainssuggeststhatlisteningtolanguageswhileyousheepcanactuallyhelpyoutolearnthem.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatthesleepingbraincanactuallyencode(编码)newinformationandstoreitforalongterm,”saidMarcZüst,co-first-authorofthepaper.
Forthestudy,researchersplayedrecordingsofforeignwordsandtheirtranslationstosleepingsubjectsenjoyingdeepsleep,astagewhenapersonhaslittleconsciousness(意识)oftheirenvironment.Toensurethattheresultswerenotcompromisedbyforeignlanguagewordsthatsubjectsmayhavehadsomeconnectionwithatsomepointintheirwakinglives,researchersmadeuptotallyartificialforeignwords.Whenthesubjectswokeup,theywerepresentedwiththeartificialwordsagainwithouttheirtranslations.Thesubjectswerethenaskedtoimaginewhethertheymeantanobjectthatwassmallerorlargerthanashoebox.
Unbelievably,thesubjectswereabletocorrectlyclassifythewordsinthiswayatanaccuracyratethatwas10percenthigherthanrandomchance.That’snotaratehighenoughtohavethemsuddenlyspeakinaforeigntongue,butitisenoughtosuggestthatthebrainisstillabsorbinginformationonsomelevel,evenduringsleep.
“Ifyoupresent‘biktum’and‘bird’tosleepinghumans,theirbrainscanmakeanewconnectionbetweentheknownconcept‘bird’andthecompletelynewandunknownword‘biktum’,”Züstexplained.“Thissleep-formedmemorytrace(痕迹)lastsuntilthefollowingwakefulnessandcaninfluencehowyoureactto‘biktum’eventhoughyouthinkyou’venevermetwiththatwordbefore.“Ifinditamazingthathumansarecompetentatsuchcomplexinformationprocessingwithoutconsciousness,”saidZüst.
Thenextstepforresearcherswillbetoseeifnewinformationcanbeacquiredquickerduringwakefulnessifitisalreadypresentedduringsleep.Ifso,itcouldforeverchangehowwetrainourbrainstolearnnewthings.Sleeplearningmightbecomeawidespreadpractice.
12.Whatcanwedoaccordingtothenewstudy?
A.Improveourmemorygreatly.B.Learnlanguageswhilesleeping.
C.Changeoursleepinapositiveway.D.Speaknewvocabularyduringdeepsleep.
13.Whatdoestheunde
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