高一英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题.docx
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高一英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题.docx
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高一英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题
高一英语阅读理解
(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ThesoundthatwokeDamianLanguellat8:
15inthemorningwassoloudheassumeditcamefrominsidehishouseinWade,Maine.Ashegotuptoinvestigate,heheardanothersound,thisonecomingmostdefinitelyfromoutside.Lookingoutofhisbedroomwindow,henoticedatreeenvelopedinsmokeabout500yardsaway.Acarwrappedaroundthetree'sbase,itsengineonfire.
Grabbingbucketsofwater,heandhiswiferantothecrashsite.Upclose,theaccidentlookedworse.Thecarwassplitnearlyintwo,andthetreewaswherethedriver'sseatoughttohavebeen,asifplantedthere.Nooneshouldhavesurvivedthiscrash,andyettherewas20-year-oldQuintinThompson,histerrifiedfacepressedagainstthedriver'ssidewindow,invisiblepain.
Languelltriedputtingoutthefirewithhisbucketsofwaterbutfailed.Whentheflamesgotintothefrontseats,heknewhehadtogettheyoungmanout.SoLanguellopenedthecar'sbackdoorandclimbedin.Usingapocketknifehe'dbroughtwithhim,hecutthroughThompson'sseatbelt.NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.
ItisempathythatdroveLanguelltohelp,justashesaid,"MyheartgoesouttoThompson.Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitsodirectly."Forhisheroicaction,Languellwasaddedtothelistofreal-lifeheroeschangingtheworld.
(1)Wherewasthefirstsoundactuallyfrom?
A.Ahouseonfire.
B.Acarcrash.
C.Thebedroomwindow.
D.Thebasement.
(2)WhatdoweknowaboutQuintinThompson?
A.Hesavedhiscarfromfire.
B.Hewassuccessfullyrescued.
C.Heremainedcalmallthetime.
D.Hewascapableofhelpinghimselfout.
(3)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"empathy"underlinedinthelastparagraph?
A.Honesty.
B.Wisdom.
C.Sympathy.
D.Responsibility.
(4)WhichwordscanbestdescribeDamianLanguell?
A.Daringandgenerous.
B.Caringandgrateful.
C.Courageousandnoble.
D.Ambitiousandreliable.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)B
(3)C
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,DamianLanguell勇敢地救出了一起车祸中的幸存者QuintinThompson,因为他的英勇行为,Languell被列入了现实生活中改变世界的英雄名单。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“ThesoundthatwokeDamianLanguellat8:
15inthemorningwassoloudheassumeditcamefrominsidehishouseinWade,Maine.”清晨8点15分,DamianLanguell被吵醒的声音太大了,以至于他以为那声音是从缅因州Wade的家中传出来的;以及“Acarwrappedaroundthetree'sbase,itsengineonfire.”一辆汽车绕在树的底部,发动机着火了,可推知,第一个声音实际上是车祸发出的。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.”现在Thompson自由了,Languell把他拉了出来,在整辆车起火之前把他拉到安全的地方,可知,QuintinThompson成功获救。
故选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“MyheartgoesouttoThompson.Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitsodirectly.”我很同情汤普森。
当你接近那种程度的伤害时,你会直接感受到)可推知,正是这种同情心促使Languell伸出援手的,可知,划线单词意思为“同情心”。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“SoLanguellopenedthecar'sbackdoorandclimbedin.Usingapocketknifehe'dbroughtwithhim,hecutthroughThompson'sseatbelt.NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.”他用随身携带的小刀割断了Thompson的安全带。
现在Thompson自由了,Languell把他拉了出来,在整辆车起火之前把他拉到安全的地方)可知,Languell不怕危险将Thompson从车里救了出来。
由此可知,Languell很勇敢;根据最后一段中Forhisheroicaction,Languellwasaddedtothelistofreal-lifeheroeschangingtheworld.(因为他的英勇行为,朗格尔被列入了现实生活中改变世界的英雄名单可推知,Languell的行为很高尚。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Anxietyhasnowsurpasseddepressionasthemostcommonmentalhealthdiseaseamongcollegestudents,thoughdepression,too,isontherise.Morethanhalfofstudentsvisitingcampusclinicsciteanxietyasahealthconcern,accordingtoarecentstudyofmorethan100,000studentsnationwidebytheCenterforCollegiateMentalHealthatPennState.Nearlyoneinsixcollegestudentshasbeendiagnosedwithortreatedforanxietywithinthelast12months,accordingtotheannualnationalsurveybytheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation.
Thecausesrangewidely,expertssay,frommountingacademicpressureatearlieragestooverprotectiveparentstoengagementwithsocialmedia.Anxietyhasalwaysplayedaroleinthedevelopmentofastudent'slife,butnowmorestudentsexperienceanxietysoacutethattheyareseekingprofessionalhelp.Likemanycollegeclinics,theCenterforCounselingandPsychologicalServicesattheUniversityofCentralFlorida(UCF)—oneofthecountry'slargestandfastest-growinguniversities,hasseensharpincreasesinthenumberofclients:
15.2percentoverlastyearalone.
Anxietyhasbecomecharacteristicofthecurrentgenerationofcollegestudents,saidDanJones,thedirectorofCounselingandPsychologicalServicesatAppalachianStateUniversityinBoone,N.C.Becauseofincreasinglypressuresduringhighschool,heandotherexpertssay,studentsarriveatcollegepreloadedwithstress.Accustomedtoextremeparentaloversight,manyseemunabletogovernthemselves.Andwithparentssoaccessible,studentshavehadlessincentivetodeveloplifeskills.“Theycan'ttoleratediscomfortorhavingtostruggle,”DrJonessaid.
Moreoften,anxietyismildandtemporary,theindicationofastudentunderthecontrolofanormaldevelopmentalissue-learningtimemanagement,forexample,orhowtohandlerejectionfromasorority.Mildanxietyisoftentreatablewithearly,modestinterventions.Buttocareforrisingnumbersofseverelytroubledstudents,manycounselingcentershavemovedtotriageprotocols(分诊措施).Thatmeansthatstudentswithlessurgentneedsmaywaitseveralweeksforfirstappointments.
Likemanycollegecounselingcenters,UCFhasdesignedavarietyofdailyworkshopsandtherapygroupsthatimplicitlyandexplicitlyaddressanxiety,depressionandtheirtriggers.Nextfallthecenterwilltestanewappfortreatinganxietywithaseven-modulecognitivebehavioralprogram,accessiblethroughastudent'sphoneandaugmentedwithbriefvideoconferenceswithatherapist.Italsoofferssemester-long,90-minuteweeklytherapygroups,suchas“KeepingCalmandinControl”,“MindfulnessforDepression”and“BuildingSocialConfidence”-forstudentsstrugglingwithsocialanxiety.
(1)Whichofthefollowingcontributestoanxietyaccordingtothetext?
A. Protectionfromteachers.
B. Anappinstudents'phones.
C. Increasinglylearningpressure. D. Managementoftimelearning.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph3probablymean?
A. Prevention.
B. Motivation.
C. Acquisition.
D. Direction.
(3)What'sthepurposeofthosetherapygroupsmentionedinthelastparagraph?
A. Tohelpstudentssufferinganxiety.
B. Totestwhatsocialanxietyis.
C. TointroducethecognitivebehavioralprogramofUCF.
D. Toemphasizetheimportanceofcalmandconfidence.
(4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. Tipsondealingwithanxiety
B. Causesofanxietyanddepression
C. Differentmentaldiseasesthreatencollegestudents
D. Collegementalhealthcentersoverburdenedwithanxiousstudents
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】焦虑症已经超越抑郁症成为大学生中最常见的心理健康问题,文章分析焦虑可能产生的原因,以及某些大学为此采取的措施。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第二段内容Thecausesrangewidely,expertssay,frommountingacademicpressureatearlieragestooverprotectiveparentstoengagementwithsocialmedia(专家称焦虑症的原因多种多样,从早年积累下来的学业压力、家长的过度保护到对社交媒体的强迫性依赖)可知,C项(增加的学习压力)会导致焦虑,故选C。
(2)词义猜测题。
根据上句内容Accustomedtoextremeparentaloversight,manyseemunabletogovernthemselves.(很多学生都习惯于父母无微不至的监督,几乎没有自制能力。
)故这里递进的句子Andwithparentssoaccessible,studentshavehadlessincentivetodeveloplifeskills.(由于家长总在身边,学生们普遍缺乏学习独立生活技能的________。
),B项“动力”最符合语境,故划线单词意思为“动力”,选B。
(3)细节理解题。
根据本段表述的内容:
像许多大学的心理咨询中心一样,U.C.F.也设置了多种日常研讨会和治疗小组,以直接或间接的方式解决焦虑、抑郁问题及其触发源。
明年秋天,该中心将对一种新的拥有七个模块的认知行为疗法应用程序进行测试,学生可以通过手机获取该应用,并可与治疗师进行简短的视频谈话。
故这些治疗小组的目的时为了帮助那些患焦虑症的学生。
故选A。
(4)主旨大意题。
通读全文可看出,文章介绍了焦虑症已经成为美国大学生中最常见心理问题,大学的心理咨询中心已经超负荷,故选D作为标题最合适。
3.阅读理解
Onacollegecampingtrip,curiosityaboutwavesandsandcausedRobThielertostudyshorelinesaroundtheworld.ThirtyyearslaterandnowaU.S.GeologicalSurveyresearchgeologist,Thieler,iscombiningscienceandsmartphonetechnologytohelpstudyanendangeredbird,theAtlanticCoastpipingplover.
Thepipingploverisashorebirdthatbreeds(繁殖)alongtheAtlanticCoast,theGreatLakesandtheGreatPlains.Risingsealevelsassociatedwithclimatechange,aswellasincreaseddevelopmentintheirbeachhabitats(栖息地),threatenthespecies(物种).Tohelptrackchangesinpipingploverhabitats,ThielerdevelopedafreeappcallediPloverin2012.Thisisamarkedchangefromthetypicalwayscientistscollectdata,whichinvolvesgatheringinformationusingspecializedequipmentorwritinginnotebooksandthenputtingintospreadsheets.
SincereleasingiPlover,scientistshavegathereddataacross1500kmofbreedingrange.ThatequalsaboutathirdofthedistanceacrosstheU.S.,whichisalargeareatocoverforonlytwothousandbreedingpairsofpipingploversontheeastcoast.Insteadofhavingtotravelandspenddaysateachsite,anumberofcooperatorsinthefieldusetheapptocollectandsenddata,allowingscientiststogatherdatamoreefficiently.Italsoallowsthemtocollectdataatthesametimeduringeachbreedingseason,providingabetterpictureofchangesthathappenoverlongerperiodsoftime.Andfast,centralizedaccessmeansscientistscanlookatdataquicklytogetareal-timeideaofwhereandhowpipingploversareusingtheirhabitats.
WhileiPloverisusedbytrainedfieldstaff,otherappsliketheU.S.Ge
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