全国通用版版高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Meetingyourancestors讲义新人教版选修8.docx
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全国通用版版高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Meetingyourancestors讲义新人教版选修8.docx
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全国通用版版高考英语大一轮复习Unit5Meetingyourancestors讲义新人教版选修8
Unit5 Meetingyourancestors
1alternative adj.供选择的;其他的
n.可能的选择;选择对象
Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday?
(教材P37)
你能想到我们今天使用的替代品吗?
(1)alternativeenergy可替代能源
(2)
(3)alternativelyadv.可供选择地
(4)
①Doyouhaveanalternativesolutiontotheproblem?
你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题?
②Wehadtogoon,becausetherewasno(other)alternative.
我们只能继续下去,因为没有其他的选择。
③Thesoldiershavenoalternativebutto_fight(fight)tillthevictory.
战士们没有选择,只有战斗直到胜利。
【比较网站】
alternative
一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。
choice
泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择。
selection
有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。
2interrupt vt.&vi.打断……讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止
I'msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?
(教材P38)
对不起,打断了你的讲话,请问他们怎么能住在这里呢?
(1)interruptsb/sth(withsth)(因某事)打扰/打断某
人/某事
(2)
你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事,你本可以会后告诉我。
②Theywere_interrupted(interrupt)byasuddenandurgentknockatthedoor.
他们被突然而急促的敲门声打断了。
③Anysmallinterruption(interrupt)islikelytothrowmeoffinmycalculations.
一点小小的干扰都有可能使我在计算上出错。
④Let'sgosomewherewherewecantalkwithoutinterruption.
我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。
3assume v.假定;设想;假装;承担;揣想;装出……的样子
Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.(教材P38)
因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒,就住在这些洞穴里。
(1)
(2)
①ImadeamistakeandIwouldassumeresponsibilityforit.
我犯了错,我愿为此承担责任。
②Wemustassumehimto_be(be)innocentuntilheisprovedguilty.
我们必须假定他是清白的,直到他被证明有罪。
③Assume/Assuming(assume)thatourplanisturneddown,whatshallwedo?
假定我们的计划被拒绝了,我们该怎么办?
④Itis_assumed(assume)thatmentalhealthiscloselyrelatedtophysicalhealth.
一般认为心理健康与身体健康是密切相关的。
【提示】部分分词可以转化为连词,引导条件状语从句,表示“如果;假定”。
常见的还有:
supposing(=suppose),providing(=provided),given,considering等。
⑤Alotofpeoplemaketheassumption(assume)thatpovertyonlyexistsintheThirdWorld.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
4significance n.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义
Hisuniversitywasawareofthesignificanceofhiswork.(教材P40)
他所在的大学意识到了他工作的重要性。
(1)
(2)
①Shecouldn'tgraspthefullsignificance(significant)ofwhathehadsaid.
她未能充分领会他那番话的意思。
②Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificant(significance)roleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.
食物也可能有特定的含义,在家庭、文化庆典或传统活动中起重要作用。
③Thefactorysetuplastyearisofgreatsignificancetothisarea'seconomy.
去年建的这家工厂对这个地区的经济发展有重大意义。
5arrest vt.逮捕;吸引;使……停止
n.逮捕;拘留
Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.(教材P43)
她几乎到达目的地时,一股美味的香味阻止了她的前进,她停了下来。
(1)
(2)
①Theyaretryingtomakeanewmedicineto_arrest(arrest)thespreadofthedisease.
他们正尽力研制一种新药来控制这种疾病的蔓延。
②Theyoungmangotarrested(arrest)forcausingthatseriousaccident.
因造成那起严重事故,这个年轻人被捕。
③Fifteenpersonswereunderarrestbecauseoftheseriousviolence.
由于严重的暴乱,十五人被捕。
1regardlessof 不管;不顾
(1)
(2)regardingprep.关于;至于
①Thelawrequiresequaltreatmentforall,regardless(regard)ofrace,religion,orsex.
这一法律要求平等对待每一个人,不管种族、宗教信仰或性别的差异。
②Regardlessofwhetherheisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecisions.
不论他是对还是错,我们不得不遵从他的决定。
③Herefusedtodiscloseanyinformationregarding(regard)theman'swhereabouts.
他拒绝透露任何关于那个男人下落的消息。
【提示】
(1)regardlessof强调“不认为……重要,从而不加以重视或考虑”,而despite和inspiteof有“尽管……(某客观事实或已发生某事)”之意。
(2)regardlessof后可接whether,what引导的从句,而despite和inspiteof后一般不接从句。
2datebackto(=datefrom) 追溯到……
AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.(教材P44)
所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址,它们能追溯到3000至5000年前。
datebackto(=datefrom)追溯到……(后接表过去的时间)
dateback追溯到;始于(后接一段时间,无被动语态,作 谓语常用一般现在时)
outofdate过时的;陈旧的
uptodate最近的;新式的;现代的
set/fixadatefor约定……的日期
①Myinterestinstampcollectingdatesbacktomyschooldays.
我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。
②Accordingtotheexpert,thetemplehasahistorydating(date)from/backtotheearlyTangDynasty.
那位专家说这座寺庙历史悠久,可追溯到初唐时期。
【提示】datebackto和datefrom一般不用于进行时态,作后置定语时,常用现在分词形式。
ifonly引导的虚拟混合句
Ifonlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear!
(教材P43)
要是能跟去年那样就好了!
【句式点拨】
ifonly用来表达愿望,意为“但愿……,要是……就好了”,句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气:
①Constantquarrelsbetweenmyparentsaredrivingmecrazy.IfonlyIhad(have)awarmandharmoniousfamily.
父母不停地争吵快把我逼疯了,要是我有一个温暖和睦的家就好了。
②Asmanyas150minersdiedintheaccident.Ifonlythemineownershad_paid(pay)enoughattentiontothesafetymeasures!
多达150名矿工在那次事故中丧生,要是矿主足够关注安全措施就好了!
【比较网站】
onlyif由副词only和从属连词if构成,only仅起强调作用,意为“只要;只有”,位于句首时,主句部分倒装。
③OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywillIcome.
只要你答应不邀请玛丽,我就来。
④OnlyifyoudoasItoldyoucanyousucceed.
你只有按照我说的去做,你才能成功。
Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)
1.Inordertosucceed,wehavenoalternativebutto_face(face)failurebravelyandlearnfromit.
2.HeavysmogandfogcontinuedtohitmanypartsofeastandnorthChinaonThursday,causingtrafficinterruptions(interrupt).
3.Don'tassumethatyouareaprincessanymoreandstoplivinginassumption(s)(assume).
4.Atfirstheinsistedontheaccuracy(accurate)ofhisaccount,however,heagreedwithwhatIsaid.
6.RightnowthenewpolicyinNewYorkis_being_applauded(applaud)bycivilrightsadvocateswhosayitwillreducediscriminationagainstblackandLatinoyouth.
7.Itneedsnosayingthatthismeetingisofgreatsignificance,asitservesasalinkbetweenthepastandthepresent.
8.Ifonlyyouhad_been(be)morecareful!
Thetrafficaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.
9.Thelibrariansactivelycollectedthebooksoftheworld,accelerating(accelerate)thespreadofknowledge.
10.Thenewmethodcaughtonandmanypeasantsbecameveryskillful(skill)atit.
Ⅱ.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)
1.Weshallhavenoalternativebut
referthemattertoourlawyer.
2.Regardless
whatyouthinkabouthimpersonally,hispolicieshavebeenshowntobeeffective.
3.Thecarrotshouldbecut
intosmallpiecesbeforeyouputthemintotheboilingwater.
4.It'sbelievedthattheseplantfossils
backtotheageofthedinosaurs.
5.Theadvertisersshouldmakeapointofthequalityofprogramsinsteadofcommercialprofit,preventingtheaudiencefrom
fedupwiththeexceedingadvertisements.
6.Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhensomething
herattention.
7.Ifonlyshe
toldDavidaboutthat,everythingwouldhavebeenallright.
8.
isannouncedintoday'spaper,theyhavesucceededinsolvingmanyproblemswiththenewtheory.
9.WhenDonpaidabriefvisittomeyesterdayafternoon,I
beenwritingafilmreviewforhours.
10.
thatyouarechosentobeavolunteerattheOlympicGames,whatwillyoudo?
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
AgroupofstudentsfromEnglandhascometoZhoukoudiancavesforavisit.1.Anarchaeologistisshowingthemaround.Thearchaeologists2.have_been_excavating(excavate)hereformanyyears.Afterfindinghumanandanimalbones3.inthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellastoolsandornaments,theythink4.itisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardless5.ofthecold.Theydiscoveredfireplacesinthecenterofthecaves6.wheretheymadefires.Someevidencesuggeststhatourancestorsdidwearclothes7.made(make)fromanimalskins.Thearchaeologistalsoshowsthestudentsaprimitivenecklace8.preserved(preserve)verywell.Indeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshave9.specially(special)shownus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.Perhapstherewastradebetweenearlypeoples10.ortheytraveledtotheseasideontheirjourneys.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
HowDidtheAncientChineseKeepFoodWarminWinter?
Facilitieslikeelectricricecookers,microwaves,andelectrickettles,makeiteasyforpeopletokeepfoodwarmandenjoyacomfortablewinter.SohowdidChinesepeopleinancienttimeskeepfoodwarminwinterwithoutthese?
Infact,ancientChinesepeopleusedtheirownmethodsofheatpreservationasearlyastheShangandZhoudynasties.
●“WenDing”,ancientricecooker
Oneofthemajorfunctionsofanelectricricecookeristokeepfoodwarm.The“WenDing”,anancientcookingcontainer,servedthesamepurpose,butinsteadofusingelectricenergy,theancientcookingcontainerpreservedheatbyburningfuelslikecharcoal.
The“WenDing”unearthedinNanjingin1989isthoughttobetheoldestofitskinddiscoveredinChina,datingbacktotheStoneAge.Thecraftsmanshipofmakingthe“WenDing”wasdevelopedintheBronzeAge.ThebronzeDingfromShangandZhoudynastiestookondifferentshapesandstructures.
●“RanLu”,ancientsmallhotpot
The“RanLu”isasmallsizecookingvessel(器皿)madeofbronze,whichcanbedividedintothreeparts.Acharcoalstoveformsthemainstructure,withabottomtraytoholdcharcoalashes,andamovablecupatthetop.Someexpertshaveconcludedthatthevessel'sstructuresuggestsitmayhavebeenusedasasmallhotpotandthatthesevesselsbecamepopularintheWarringStatesPeriod(475~221BC).
●BronzeYou,ancientkettle
TheBronzeYouwasoneofthemostcommonwinecontainersduringtheShangandZhoudynasties.TheBronzeYoucanalsobeusedtowarmwine.Forexample,theBronzeYouwithbeastmaskdesign,unearthedinJiangxiProvince,hasanopeningwherecharcoalcouldbeplaced.Justaspeopletodaycan'tdowithoutanelectrickettle,theBronzeYouallowedpeopletoenjoyahotdrink.
●BronzeYan,ancientsteamer
Althoughthe“WenDing”waseffectiveatkeepingfoodwarm,theancientChinesepeoplelaterfoundthatitsburningprocessproducedpollution.Asaresult,theBronzeYanwasmadewithatwo–tierstructureandusedtosteamriceandothergrains.AftertheEasternHanDynasty(25AD~220AD),furtherimprovementstotheBronzeYanledtothemodern–daysteamer.
语篇导读 本文为说明文,介绍了中国古代用来保温食物的四种器皿。
1.Whendidthe“RanLu”becomepopular?
A.IntheZhouDynasty.
B.IntheWarringStatesPeriod.
C.IntheEasternHanDynasty.
D.IntheStoneAg
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