版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版浙江话题Unit 27.docx
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版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版浙江话题Unit 27.docx
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版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版浙江话题Unit27
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Improperuseoffireextinguisherscandestroy(破坏)theapartment.(2018·天津)
2.Allhavecaused(导致)manylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
3.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarmclimate(气候).
4.Thedamage(损害)isusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
5.Shedecidedtopursueherstudyafterobtainingherfirstdegree(学位).
6.Therewereallsortsofdisasters(灾难)thatusedtooccuronthewaytoandfromwork.
7.Someoftherescue(营救)workersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.
8.Workingoutinthemorningprovides(提供)additionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
9.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredicting(预测)whatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.(2018·天津)
10.InPeru,localfarmerslivearoundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictim(受害者)toclimatechange.(2017·江苏)
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangerous(danger)trend.
(2017·北京)
2.Dawsondidnothaveanyofthenatural(nature)conveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
3.Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipandsurprisingrecovery(recover).(2018·江苏)
4.Noneoftheselanguages,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft,seemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival(survive).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
5.Authenticfiregear(服装)isprovidedforyourwarmth(warm)asourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFrancisco.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
6.Holkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonation(donate)youcantakeatourwithourgardenguide.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
7.Twomenwerefrozen(freeze)todeathonthemountainyesterday.
8.Presentprediction(predict)issimplyscientificresearchonunderstandingtheworkingsofearthquakes.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1.Thoughhewas caught inaheavyrainonhiswaytotheinterview,hemanagedtogetthere.
2.Thathousewiferemainedcalminfaceoffireandtelephonedthefiredepartmentimmediately;otherwisethewholehousemightburn down.
3.Explainyourfrustrationscalmlyandsensibly—seeitasanopportunitytoclear upanydifficultiesyoumayhavewiththisperson.(2017·天津)
4.Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatarein need?
(2017·江苏)
5.Don’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopick upawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
6.Juststay putwiththesuitcase,whileIgoandfindacab.
Ⅳ.同义词语替换
1.Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetakenoffthankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.environment
2.Thisservesasahugeblowtothetraditionalheritage,whichmakesthepublicconcerned.hit
3.Therewasadistantlookinhereyesfromtimetotime,whichkeepsothersaway.cold
4.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecovered.were/got back on their feet
5.Iturnedaroundandsawapleasantwomanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.Nice
causen.原因;起因;理由;根据;事业
v.使发生;造成;引起;导致
(1)thecauseof……的原因
causeandeffect因果关系
(2)causesb. sth. (=causesth. for/tosb. )给某人引来某事
causesb. todosth. 使某人做某事
(1)Whatcausedherto change(change)hermind?
(2)Isincerelyapologizetoyouforanyinconveniencecaused(cause)bytheunexpectedchange.
(2018·山西太原二模)
(3)[同义句改写] Thechildcausedhisparentsalotoftrouble.
→Thechildcauseda lot of trouble for/to his parents.
易错点拨
cause后可接不定式作宾补,但不接形容词作宾补。
(1)Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.(2018·天津)
(2)Natalie’sschoolwassodamaged(damage)thatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.(2016·北京)
(3)Actually,severedamagedone(do)toourlandisfairlyrecentinthehistoryofourevolution.
(4)Theearthquakecaused/did damage topropertyestimatedat
6million.
地震造成大约600万美元的财产损失。
[熟词生义] 选择句子中damage的汉语意思
(5)Heclaimeddamagesforhislostgoods. A
A.赔偿费 B.损害 C.破坏
(1)destroyone’shealth/career/hopes有害健康/事业/希望
destroyoneself自杀;毁掉自己
(2)destructionn.破坏
destructiveadj.破坏性的;有害的
(1)Manybuildingswere destroyed(destroy)bytheearthquake.
(2)Itseemshe’sdestroyinghimself(he).
(3)Theenemybombscausedwidespreaddestruction(destroy).
(4)Theyounghusbandlefther,destroying(destroy)herlifeandallherhopes.
(5)Drinkingisdestructiveto/ofhealth.
[根据语境用destroy,damage的正确形式填空]
(6)Thebridgewas destroyedbythefloodyesterday.
(7)Thestrongsandstormdamagedmostoftheyoungtrees.
[易混辨析] destroy,damage
※destroy表示毁灭性的破坏,多指无法修复。
※damage指不同程度的损害、毁坏;作名词时,表示“损害”。
(1)predictdoing...预言做……
Itispredictedthat...据预测……
(2)predictionn.预测,预报
makeaprediction做出预测
(1)Ipredictedtheirgetting(get)intotrouble.
(2)Thepredicted(predict)declineinthenumberofpeopleofworkingageisthoughttohavepersuadedthegovernmenttodroptheonechildpolicy.
(3)[同义句改写] Peoplepredictthattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury.
→It is predicted thattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury.
(1)providesth. forsb. (=providesb. withsth. )向某人提供某物
provideforsb. 供养某人
(2)provided/providing(that)...假如……;倘若……
(1)I’dappreciateitifyoucoulddomeafavortoprovidemewithsomesuggestionswhichyouthinkarepractical.
(2)Heworkedhardtoprovideforhisfamily.
(3)Howdoesthespeakerdescribethefoodprovided(provide)?
(4)Provided/Providing(that)youkeepquiet,youcancometotheconcert.
ruinn.毁坏;破产;pl.废墟
v.毁坏;使破产
(1)inruins严重受损;破败不堪;崩溃,垮掉
come/fallintoruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落,败落
bring...toruin使……失败;使……毁坏
(2)ruinoneself毁掉自己
(1)Theseimageswouldn’tgetruined(ruin)bywater.(2018·四川双流中学二模)
[句式升级]
(2)Itrainedfortwoweeks,whichcompletelyruinedourholiday.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
Itrainedfortwoweeks,completely ruining our holiday.
(1)asaconsequence(=inconsequence=asaresult)结果,因此(副词词组)
asaconsequenceof(=inconsequenceof=asaresultof=becauseof)由于(介词词组)
take/suffer/facetheconsequencesof承担……的结果/后果
(be)ofno/littleconsequence无足轻重;不重要
(2)consequentlyadv.因此;结果
(1)Lastterm,myfathermetwithatrafficaccident,andhisrightleggotinjuredseriously.Consequently(consequence),hereceivedanoperationandIhadtolookafterhiminthehospital.
(2)Wemusttake/suffer/face the consequences of(承担……的后果)ourowndeed.
(3)Hisdecisionis of no consequence(不重要)tome.
(4)[同义句改写] Agreatfirebrokeout,andasaconsequence,thehousewascompletelydestroyed.
→As a consequence/result of或In consequence of a great fire,thehousewascompletelydestroyed.
catchupwith赶上
catchholdof抓住,握住
catchsightof看见
catchsb. doingsth. 发觉/发现某人在做某事
[根据语境用catch短语的正确形式填空]
(1)Iamoftencaught inaheavytrafficonmywaytoschool.
(2)Atthemomentourtechnologyismoreadvanced,butothercountriesarecatching up withus.
(3)Thechildcaught hold ofhismother’shandtightlyintheearthquake.
(4)Shecaught sight ofacarinthedistance.
[单句语法填空]
(5)Ifacookiscaughtsmoking(smoke)inthekitchen,hewillbefiredimmediately.
inneedof需要……
satisfy/meetone’sneeds=satisfy/meettheneedsofsb. 满足某人的需要
Thereisnoneedforsb. todosth. /fordoingsth. 某人没必要做某事
(1)Thereisnoneedforyouto come(come)ifyoudon’twantto.
(2)Asthesayinggoes,a friend in need is a friend indeed(患难朋友才是真正的朋友).
(3)Theprogramisdesignedtosatisfy/meet the needs of(满足需要)adultlearners.
Persuadingpeoplearoundustogiveupsmokingcanhelpimprovingtheairquality.
说服我们周围的人戒烟有助于改善空气质量。
(1)动名词(短语)作主语通常表示习惯性、泛指、经常性、不具体的动作,而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。
(2)当use,good,pity,time,fun,nice,worth等作表语时,常用it作形式主语,把作主语的动名词后置。
其他情况下,当将动名词移至句尾时,通常改为不定式。
(3)动名词的复合结构作主语时,其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
(1)Beingconstantlyexposed(expose)toadvertisementsisannoying,butitcanbepleasantsometimes.
(2)It’snousearguing(argue)withhimoversuchanunimportantmatter.
(3)His(he)cominghomelateworrieshismothergreatly.
(4)[一句多译] 他的爱好之一是集邮。
①Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.
②One of his hobbies is to collect stamps.
(2016·江苏,C)
ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild,”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.
Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby
15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:
farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.
ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.
ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth
36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.
Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.
61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?
A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.
B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.
C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.
D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionint
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