商务英语名词解释.docx
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商务英语名词解释.docx
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商务英语名词解释
1.BUdget—预算anaccoUntOfPrObabIefutureinCOmeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu.ayearUSedasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangements.
2.RetUrn—回扌报thegainfromaninVeStment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasPrOfitonthesaleoftheinvestment.
3.Portfolio—证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinVeStmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orCertifiCateofdepositsforPUrPOSeSotherthancontrolling
4.Royalty—专利税moneyPaidtotheownerofaCOPyrightforPermiSSiontoPUbIiShCOPyrightmaterialandtotheownerofaPatentforPermiSSiontoUSeaPatenteddesign,usu.atagreedPerCentageofthesellingPriCeoftheproduct.
5.Patent—专利权aSPeCiaIrighttoaninventortobetheonIyPerSontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeOtherStomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.
6.Non-tariffbarrier—非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeObStrUCtionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingPrOhibitiOnSandquotas,etc.
7.FranChiSe—经销权anarrangementbyWhiChamonopolyPrOdUCerorownergivesanotherPermiSSionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorsellthePrOdUCtSinaCertainarea.
8.Purchasingpower—购买力ofPerSons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.
9.PPP—购买力平价PUrChaSingpowerParity
10.tariff—关税taxIeViedbytheCUStOmS
11.barrierstotrade—贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorPreVentthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.
12.primarycommodities—初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlySIightIyprocessed,usuallyfarmPrOdUCeorrawmaterials
13.drawback—退税dutiesPaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedWhenre-exported
14.specificduties—从量税dutiesIeViedonthebasisofquantity,weight,SiZeetc.ofthegoods
15.advaloremduties—从价税dutiesIeViedonthebasisofthePriCeofthegoods
16.carriage—运费thePriCeorcostoftranSPOrtatiOn
17.voluntaryoffer—主动发盘anOfermadeOntheinitiativeoftheOferer
18.contractingPartieS—缔约方Signatoriesofanagreement
19.forcemajeure—[不可抗力]socialornaturalCaIamitieSthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingParty
20.firmoffer—持盘anoferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer
21.offeree—受要约人thePartytowhomanofferismade
22.hyperinflation—极度通货膨胀soaringofPriCeSbeyondcontrol
23.inflation—通货膨胀riseinPriCeSbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,Creditetc.
24.protectionism-贸易保护主义thetheoryoftheSyStemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedonCOmPetitiVeimports
25.bilateral—双边的oftwoSideS
26.bundling—捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorSerViCeSaretiedtogether
27.creditors—债权人aPerSontowhomoneownsmoney
28.debtor—债务人aPerSonwhoowesmoney
29.default—违约failtoCarryoutanObligation
30.draft—汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetoPayaSUmofmoney
31.remittance—汇款theSendingofmoneyorthemoneysent
32.drawer—出票人thePerSonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter
33.drawee—受票人thePerSOntowhomadraftisdrawn
34.credit-worthiness-资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyOtherSasreliableinmakingPayment
35.applicantofanL/C—出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C
36.beneficiary—受益人thecompanythatCanmakeUSeofanL/CtogetPaidforitsexport
37.confirmingbank—保兑行thebankthataddsitsOWnCOmmitmenttoanL/C
38.reimburse—退款PaybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasSPent
39.cleanCredit—光票信用证aCreditthatdoesnotrequireShiPPingdocumentsforPayment
40.sightcredit—即期信用证aCreditbyWhiChPaymentCanbemadeupon
PreSentationofthedraft
41.middleman—中间商traderthroughwhomgoodsPaSSbetweenthePrOdUCerandtheconSUmer
42.consignee-收货人thePartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareShiPPed
43.shippingmarks—唛头WhatisPrintedontheouterPaCkingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationintheCOUrSeoftranSPOrtation
44.insurancePOIiCL保险单adocumentUSedforCOVeringPOSSibIerisks
45.title—抬头righttothePOSSeSSionofaPOSitionorPrOPerty
46.insured—被保险人aPerSonCOVeredbyaninSUrancepolicy
47.premium—保险费theamountPaidbyaninSUredforCOVerageUndertheCOntraCt
48.potentialloss—潜在损失lossWhiChisPOSSibIetoinCUr
49.claim—索赔aPaymentdemandedinaccordanceWithaninSUrancepolicy
50.margin—利润amountaboveWhatisestimatedasnecessary
51.underwriter—保险公司aPerSonwhoCarrieSoninSUranceasabusiness52.invoice—发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandthePriCe
pensation—赔偿金SOmethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss
54.pooling—联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage
55.multi-modaltranSPOrtation—多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,Seaandair
56.redeem—兑换torepayorPayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandPreference
ShareSorstock
57.settlement—结算theactOfPayingabill,debt,charge,etc
58.exchangerate—汇率thePriCeatWhiChOneCUrrencyCanbeexchangedforanotherCUrrency
59.moneyCirCUIation—货币流通moneyinthehandsofthePUbIiCandbeingUSedtoPayforgoodsandSerViCeS
60.devaluation—货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitsCUrrencyinUnitsofgoldorasCOmParedWithotherCUrrencies
61.reserve-储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand
62.investment—投资theactofPUttingmoneytoUSeinSOmethingOfferingPrOfitabIereturns
63.quota—配额alimitPIaCedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity
64.VER—自动出口限制anagreementbyaCOUntry'SexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanotherCOUntry
65.intellectualPrOPerty—知识产权Certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,PrincipallyCOVeringtheareasofPatentPrOteCtion,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right
66.taxholiday—免税期aPeriOdoftimeduringWhiChtaxisnotIeVied
67.jointventure—合资企业abusinessWherethePrOViSionofriskCaPitaIisSharedbetweentwoormorefirms
68.gilts—金边债券StOCkSissuedbygovernment
69.cost-effective—成本效益好PrOdUCingOPtimUmresultsfortheexpenditure
70.anti-dumping—反倾销oneformofactionWhiChmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoPrOteCtindustriesfromUnfairCOmPetitiOnbyWhiChgoodsaresoldataPriCelowerthanintheCOUntryWheretheyaremanufactured
71.mandate—授权authoritygiventoPerfOrmaduty
72.cOntraCtingParty—缔约国aCOUntryorfirmthatSignsalegalagreement
73.VisibIetrade有形贸易:
Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsPrOdUCedormanufacturedinoneCOUntryforconSUmPtionorresale
inanother.(inCludingCaShtranSaCtion-bymeansOfmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade)
74.1nvisibletrade无形贸易:
TheformoftranSPOrtation,communiCation,banking,inSUrance,COnsulting,informationetc.iscalledinViSibIetradeorSerViCeindustries.
75.FDI(foreigndirectinvestments)ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinVeStedinahostcountry.
76.Portfolioinvestment证券投资:
PUrChaSeSofforeignfinancialassetsforaPUrPOSeotherthancontrolling.
77.Bonds债券:
ThePaPerSissuedbyagovernmentorafirmWithPrOmiSetoPaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherWithinterest.
78.Licensing许可经营:
Inlicensing,afirmIeaSeStherighttoUSeitsintellectualPrOPertytoafirminanothercountry.TheychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakeCaShPaymentstoStatbusiness,andCanSimPIyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.
79.Franchising特许经营:
afirmcalledthefranChiSee,isallowedtoOPerateinthenameofanother,calledthefranChiSerwhoPrOVideStheformerWithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andOPeratingtechniqUeSforroyalty.
80.Franchiser特许方:
AfirmwhoPrOVideSthefranChiSeeWithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandOPeratingtechniqUeSforroyalty.
81.Franchisee被特许方:
AfirmisallowedtoOPerateinthenameofanother.
82.GNP国民生产总值:
GrossnationalProduct.ThemarketvalueofgoodsandSerViCeSPrOdUCedbythePrOPertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.
83.GDP国内生产总值:
GrossDOmeStiCProduct.ThemarketvalueofallgoodsandSerViCeSPrOdUCedWithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.
84.PerCaPitaGDP人均国内生产总值:
ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,WhiChrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconSUmers.
85.lncomedistribution收入分布:
Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.
86.Freetradearea!
由贸易区:
Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy
87.CustomsUnion关税同盟:
ThemembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadopttheSameexternalpolicy
88.Commonmarket共同市场:
ThemembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofPrOdUCtionandadopttheSameexternalpolicy.
89.EconomicUnion(EU)经济同盟:
ThemembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofPrOdUCtion,adopttheSameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandUSetheSameCUrrency.
90.ParentMNCheadquarte跨国公司母公司,总部istheoriginalinVeStingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.
91.HomeCOUnty母国:
TheCOUntryWheretheheadquarteroftheinVeStOrislocated.
92.HostCOUntry东道国:
ThehostCOUntryisaforeignCOUntryWheretheinvestoroperates.
93.Absoluteadvantage绝对禾U益:
ItholdsthatacommoditywillbePrOdUCedintheCOUntryWhereitcostsleastintermsofresources(CaPital,landandlabor)
100.Comparativeadvantage:
匕较禾U益:
EVenifaCOUntryislessefficientthananotherinthePrOdUCtionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.
1.」nternationaltrade国际贸易:
TheexchangeofgoodsandSerViCeSPrOdUCedinoneCOUntry
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- 商务英语 名词解释