BW术语表.docx
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BW术语表.docx
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BW术语表
A
Aggregate
AnaggregateisasubsetofanInfoCube.TheobjectivewhenusingaggregatesistoreduceI/Ovolume.TheBWOLAPprocessorselectsanappropriateaggregateduringaqueryrunoranavigationstep.Ifnoappropriateaggregateexists,theBWOLAPprocessorretrievesdatafromtheoriginalInfoCubeinstead.
Forexamples,assumeyoumayhave10dimensionsandeachonehave10value,thatmeansyoumayhaveupto10^10possiblerecords.Ifhighlevelmanageroftenaccessthereportfocusrevenuein2008bycustomer,that'smeanonly2dimensionareinvolved.Youcandoaggregateanditmayonlycontain2dimensionswith100records.ItreducetheI/Oandimprovetheperformance.
Aggregaterollup
Aggregaterollupisaproceduretoupdateaggregateswithnewdataloads.ReferenceAggregate
Applicationcomponent
ApplicationcomponentsareusedtoorganizeInfoSources.TheyaresimilartotheInfoAreasusedwithInfoCubes.Themaximumnumberofcharactersallowedforthetechnicalnameis32.
Authorization
Anauthorizationdefineswhatausercando,andtowhichSAPobjects.Forexample,auserwithanauthorizationcandisplayandexecute,butnotchange,aquery.Authorizationsaredefinedusingauthorizationobjects.
Authorizationobject
Anauthorizationobjectisusedtodefineuserauthorizations.Ithasfieldswithvaluestospecifyauthorizedactivities,suchasdisplayandexecution,onauthorizedbusinessobjects,suchasqueries.Themaximumnumberofcharactersallowedforthetechnicalnameis10.
Authorizationprofile
Anauthorizationprofileismadeupofmultipleauthorizations.Themaximumnumberofcharactersallowedforthetechnicalnameis10.
B
BEx
ShortforBusinessExplorer.Itincludesfollowingtoolstopresentthereportstoenduser:
Analyzer /WebApplicationDesigner/ReportDesigner/WebAnalyzer.
Bitmapindex
Abitmapindexusesmapsofbitstolocaterecordsinatable.BitmapindicesareveryeffectiveforBooleanoperationsoftheWHEREclauseofaSELECTstatement.Whenthecardinalityofacolumnislow,abitmapindexsizewillbesmall,therebyreducingI/Ovolume.
AnotherpossiblechoiceinBWonthistopicisB-treeindex.
BusinessContent
BusinessContentisacompletesetofBWobjectsdevelopedbySAPtosupporttheOLAPtasks.Itcontainsroles,workbooks,queries,InfoCubes,keyfigures,characteristics,updaterules,InfoSources,andextractorsforSAPR/3,andothermySAPsolutions.
Youcansimplyusebusinesscontentdirectly,ortakeitastemplateforyourprojecttospeedupimplementations.
BW
BWisaDataWarehousingsolutionfromSAP.
WhenwetalkingaboutBW,itoftentalkingaboutBW3.5.ThelatestversionisSAPBusinessIntelligence7.0.
BWMonitor
BWMonitordisplaysdataloadingstatusandprovidesassistanceintroubleshootingiferrorsoccur.T-code:
RSMO
BWScheduler
BWSchedulerspecifieswhentoloaddata.ItisbasedonthesametechniquesusedforschedulingR/3backgroundjobs.
BWStatistics
BWStatisticsisatoolforrecordingandreportingsystemactivityandperformanceinformation.
BWA/BIA
BW/BIAccelaratorisatoolthatimprovestheperformanceofBW7.xqueriesonInfoCubes.Itenablesquickaccesstoanydatawithalowamountofadministrativeeffortandisespeciallyusefulforsophisticatedscenarioswithunpredictablequerytypes,highdatavolumeandhighfrequencyofqueriesC
Cache/OLAPCache
Atechnologytoimprovetheperformance.Cachebuffersqueryresultdata,inordertoproviderthemforfurtheraccesses.
CacheMode
Determineswhetherandinwhatwaythe queryresultandnavigationalstatesaretobesavedintheOLAP Cache.
Changerun
Changerunisaprocedureusedtoactivatecharacteristicdatachanges.
Characteristic
Characteristicsaredescriptionsoffields,suchasCustomerID,MaterialNumber,SalesRepresentativeID,UnitofMeasure,andTransactionDate.Themaximumnumberofcharactersallowedforthetechnicalnameis9.
Client
AclientisasubsetofdatainanSAPsystem.Datasharedbyallclientsiscalledclient-independentdata,ascomparedwithclient-dependentdata.WhenloggingontoanSAPsystem,ausermustspecifywhichclienttouse.Onceinthesystem,theuserhasaccesstobothclient-dependentdataandclient-independentdata.
Communicationstructure
ThecommunicationstructureisthestructureunderlyingtheInfoSource.
Compoundattribute
Acompoundattributedifferentiatesacharacteristictomakethecharacteristicuniquelyidentifiable.Forexample,ifthesamecharacteristicdatafromdifferentsourcesystemsmeandifferentthings,thenwecanaddthecompoundattribute0SOURSYSTEM(sourcesystemID)tothecharacteristic;0SOURSYSTEMisprovidedwiththeBusinessContent.
Compress
Compressingwillbringingdatafromdifferentrequeststogetherintoonesinglerequest(requestID0)inInfocube.
WhenyouloaddataintoInfocube,theyaregroupwithRequestsID.YoucaneasilymanagethedatawithRequestID.ButtherequestIDhavedisadvantagescausethesamedatarecord(withsamecharacteristicsbutdifferentrequestID)toappearmorethanonceinthefacttable.Itwastethetablespaceandaffectsqueryperformance.
Youcaneliminatethesedisadvantagesbycompressingdataandbringingdatafromdifferentrequeststogetherintoonesinglerequest(requestID0).
Technically,CompresswillmovethedatainFtabletoEtableandaggregatetherecordswithsamechar.automatically.
ItiswidlyusedwhenyouaresurethatthedatainInfoCubeiscorrectandyouwon'tneedRequestIDinthefuture.Andbecarefulifyoudefinedyourowndeltamechanism.
D
Datapacketsize
Forthesameamountofdata,thedatapacketsizedetermineshowworkprocesseswillbeusedindataloading.Thesmallerthedatapacketsize,themoreworkprocessesneeded.YoucansetitinSPRO
DataMining
Dataminingistheprocessofextractinghiddenpatternsfromdata.ItisoneofthefunctionprovidedbySAPBI.
Takethemostfamousstory"beeranddiapers"asexample.Wall-Martnoticedthatmenoftenboughtbeeratthesametimetheyboughtdiapers.Theymineditsreceiptsandprovedtheobservations.Sotheyputdiapersnexttothebeercoolers,andsalesskyrocketed.Thestoryisamyth,butitshowshowdataminingseekstounderstandtherelationshipbetweendifferentactions.
DataWarehouse
DataWarehouseisadedicatedreportingandanalysisenvironmentbasedonthestarschema(Extended)databasedesigntechniqueandrequiringspecialattentiontothedataETTLprocess.
DataMart
ThedistributionofcontentsofODSorInfoCubeintootherBWdatatargetsonthesameoronotherBWsystems
DataSource
ADataSourceisnotonlyastructureinwhichsourcesystemfieldsarelogicallygroupedtogether,butalsoanobjectthatcontainsETTL-relatedinformation.FourtypesofDataSourcesexist:
∙DataSourcesfortransactiondata
∙DataSourcesforcharacteristicattributes
∙DataSourcesforcharacteristictexts
∙DataSourcesforcharacteristichierarchies
IfthesourcesystemisR/3,replicatingDataSourcesfromasourcesystemwillcreateidenticalDataSourcestructuresintheBWsystem.ThemaximumnumberofcharactersallowedforaDataSource'stechnicalnameis32.
DBConnect
ABWfunction thatoffersflexibleoptionsforextractingdatadirectlyintotheBWfromtablesandviewsindatabasemanagementsystemsthatareconnectedtotheBWinadditiontothedefaultconnection.YoucanusetablesandviewsfromthedatabasemanagementsystemsthataresupportedbySAPtotransferdata.DataSourcesareusedtomakedataknowntotheBW,whereitisthenprocessedinthesamewayasdatafromallothersources.
DeltaCaching
AdditionalrequestswillbereadfromtheInfoCube's(F)facttable.TheseadditionalrequestswillbeupdatedintotheOLAPCache.Inthisway,whentheyarechangestothedatabasis,thecompletedataforthequerynolongerhastobereadfromthedatabaseagain.
Deltaupdate
TheDeltaupdateoptionintheInfoPackagedefinitionrequestsBWtoloadonlythedatathathavebeenaccumulatedsincethelastupdate.Beforeadeltaupdateoccurs,thedeltaprocessmustbeinitialized.
Developmentclass
Adevelopmentclassisagroupofobjectsthatarelogicallyrelated.
Dimensiontable
PartoftheStarSchemastructureforInfoCubes.DimtablescontainpointerstotheFacttables&totheMasterData(SIDtables).
Displayattribute
Adisplayattributeprovidessupplementalinformationtoacharacteristic.ReferenceNavigationattribute
Drill-down
Drill-downisausernavigationstepintendedtogetfurtherdetailedinformation.Forexample,youcandrill-downtodetailreportthroughfreecharacteristic
DSO
ShortforDataStoreObject.ReferenceODSinBW3.5
ADataStoreobjectservesasastoragelocationforconsolidatedandcleansedtransactiondataormasterdataonadocument(atomic)level.ThisdatacanbeevaluatedusingaBExquery.
ADataStoreobjectcontainskeyfields(suchasdocumentnumber,documentitem)anddatafieldsthat,inadditiontokeyfigures,canalsocontaincharacterfields(suchasorderstatus,customer).ThedatafromaDataStoreobjectcanbeupdatedwithadeltaupdateintoInfoCubes(standard)and/orotherDataStoreobjectsormasterdatatables(attributesortexts)inthesamesystemoracrossdifferentsystems.
Thereare3kindsofDSO:
StandardDataStoreObject/Write-OptimizedDataStoreObjects/DataStoreObjectsforDirectUpdate.Checkthedefinitionandexampleat:
DTP
TheDataTransferProcess(DTP)transfersdatafromsourceobjectstotargetobjectsinBI7.x.YoucanalsousethedatatransferprocesstoaccessInfoProviderdatadirec
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