应试写作学与练.docx
- 文档编号:25950523
- 上传时间:2023-06-16
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:24
- 大小:30.33KB
应试写作学与练.docx
《应试写作学与练.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《应试写作学与练.docx(24页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
应试写作学与练
应试写作学与练(第一期)原因篇
分析原因是英语议论文写作的一个常见题型。
例如:
Whydotoday'syoungpeoplehavedifficultyinreadingandwriting?
Whyistheworldgettingsmallerandsmaller?
WhyhasthedivorcerateinChinaincreasedinrecentyears?
作文要求考生对这类社会现象或社会问题进行解释。
先给大家归纳这种类型的作
文的基本结构模式如下:
Paragraph1.
Sentence
(1)Problem(general)
S
(2)problem(specific)
Paragraph2
S(3)Thesis
S(4)Cause1.
S(5)Detail1.
S(6)Detail2.
S(7)Cause2
S(8)Detail1.
S(9)Detail2.
Paragraph3
S(10)Conclusion
第一段中的S
(1)、S(6)是引出文章要进行解释的某一现象或问题。
第二段中的S(3)是作者对这一现象或问题的基本看法,也即文章的论点句。
S(4)、S(5)两个句子是揭示这一现象的两个主要原因。
这两个原因可以是并行的第一、第二原因,也可以是客观的和主观的原因,或间接的和直接的原因。
其中S(5)、S(6)时详细阐述S(4)第一个原因的;S(8)、S(9)则具体说明S(7)第二个原因的。
第三段S(10)是总结句。
一般说来,这句是提出解决问题的一些建议或方法。
本模式可供大家参考使用,也可选择自己的写作方式写作。
本期写作题目:
ABoominAdulteducation
Directions:
Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicABoominAdultEducation.Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:
1.现在许多成年人都利用业余时间去大学或夜校读书
2。
出现这种成人教育热的原因是。
。
。
3。
结论
给大家列出一些在原因作文里的常用句型,最好能记住多用噢!
用于开头的句子:
Inthelastfewyears,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberof……..
Inrecentyears,Chinahasexperiencedagrowingtendencyin………
引用调查资料等依据时说:
Accordingtoarecent/newsurvey/study/research,thenumber/percentageof………hasalmostdoubled/tripled/increased/jumpedfrom5%to8%/decreasedcomparedwith……….
列举原因时说:
Anumberof/Severalcausesmightcontributeto/leadto/accountforthephenomenon/problem/suddenrise.
Partoftheexplanationsforitisthat……
Oneofthemostcommonfactors/causesisthat……
……..isalsoresponsiblefortheproblem.
Anothercontributingfactor/causesisthat…….
Perhapstheprimary/fundamentalfactor/causeisthat……
用于结尾的句子:
S(10)
Wemightdomorethanidentifythecauses/factors;itisimportanttotakeactionto……..
Thesignificanceof…….isfar-reaching;itmightexertsaprofoundinfluenceon………..
范文:
ABoominAdultEducation
EveryTuesdayandFridayeveningseesMissLi,myneighborandasecretaryinacompanyrushhomeafterahardday’swork,gulpdownhermealsandthenhurryouttocatchthebusforherEnglishclass.
MissLi’scaseisnotunique,andnowmoreandmorecityadultsspendtheirleisuretimetryingtoimprovethemselvesatschoolorcollege.Thereareanumberofreasonsforpeopletogobackfortheireducation.Somepeople,likeMissLi,aredoingittoacquireanotherdegreeordiplomatoimpressthesociety.Tothemmoreknowledge,orrather,morecredentialsmeansmoreopportunitiesforbetterjobsandquickerpromotion.Otherpeople,especiallythosewhoarelaidofforoutofemploymentgotovocationalschooltopreparetoreturntothejobmarket.Theyareeagerfornewskillssothattheycanbequalifiedforthejobsinretailtrade,administration,educationandotherservicecategoriestowhichtheyarestrangebecausemostofthemwereblue-collarworkersinthefactory.
TherearealsopeoplewhocometotakesuchcoursesasChinesetraditionalmedicine,painting,calligraphyandphotography.Astheirworkingweeksdeclinepeoplebegintohavetimetofulfilltheirolddreamoftheirheart’sdesire.
Outofnecessityoroutofinterest,peoplegobacktoschoolforthecommongoal-----toimprovethemselves,andthisboominadulteducation,inturn,helpstoraisetheintellectualstandardofthewholecountry.
应试写作学与练(第二期)理由篇
叙述理由的文章需要先对某观点表明自己的态度和立场,然后再解释为什么要这
么做,列举理由。
例如:
WhydoIprefertospendmostofmytimereading?
WhyteachingisthejobIlikebest?
Whyisitagoodplaceforyoutolivein?
这种类型的作文基本结构如下:
Paragraph1
S
(1)Topic
S
(2)Thesis:
Myattitudetowardsit
Paragraph2
S(3)Thesis(morespecific)
S(4)Reason1
S(5)Supportingdetail
S(6)Reason2.
S(7)Supportingdetail
…………….
Paragraph3
Conclusion
第一段中的S
(1)引出文章要讨论的主题,如职业选择、交友、娱乐等等。
S
(2)则是作者对这个主题的基本态度,如选择A事情,不要B事情,赞成或反对等。
第二段中S(3)是一个承上启下的句子,即更具体的重复S
(2)论点的内容,有简略的点一下为什么吃这样态度的一般理由。
之后是几个具体的理由。
可以用事实依据和数据等作论据解释理由。
最后一段是全文的总结,可以再次声明自己的态度,也可提出某些建议等等。
本期写作题目:
ALettertotheUniversityPresident
Direction:
Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
Alettertotheuniversitypresidentaboutthecanteenserviceoncampus,youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:
假设你是李伟,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写了一封信,内容涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之。
应试写作学与练第二期参考范文:
January11th,2003
DearMr.President,
Asaregularstudentatourcollege,Ihavesomecomplainttomakeaboutthecanteenserviceoncampus.
Firstly,thecanteenenvironmentisverybad.Actually,itisbecomingmoreandmorecrowdedandnoisywithaneverlargerpresenceofvocationalstudentseveryterm.Secondly,thecanteenworkersarebad-mannered.Farfrombeingwarmandkind-hearted,theyalwaysseemtobecoldandrudetousstudents.Thirdlyandmostimportantly,thedishesatourcanteenaretooexpensive,thoughtheyarebynomeansgoodqualityordelicious.ThesurveytheStudentUnioncarriedoutlastweekrevealsthatonaverageastudentwillspend10to12yuanonmealseveryday.Thisisformorethanthefoodexpensesofstudentsintheneighborhoodcolleges.Nutritiousanddeliciousmealswellwithinthestudents’meansareveryimportantforyoungstudents.Ireallywishmeasurescouldbetakentoimproveourcanteenservice.
Sincerelyyours,
LiMing
此类理由型的文章还有以下一些典型题目:
1.ThemostunforgettablepersonIeverknew
2.ThejobIlikebest
3.Aletterofapplication
4.WhyIlikelearningEnglish
应试写作学与练(第三期)比较篇
比较型议论文通常是运用比较手段阐述自己的观点。
例如:
Wheretolive----inthecityorinthecountry?
Doyouprefertoindependentlyaftermarriageorcontinuetolivetogetherwithyourparents?
Whichisyourpastime---watchingTVandlisteningtomusicortakingpartinsportsandgames?
这种类型的作文在具体写作时,要根据自己的观点对赞成的事物,其优点要多写详写,而对其缺点要少写,甚至略过;而对反对的事物,其优点要少写略写,一笔带过,对其缺点则要不惜笔墨,大写特写。
这样处理,作者的观点才能得以体现。
我们可以从两种结构模式来学习比较型作文的写作。
一种是A1A2A3-------B1B2B3整体比较法:
Paragraph1
S
(1)Topic:
Thesubjectstobecompared
S
(2)Thesis:
YourpreferenceforBoverA
Paragraph2
S(3)ConcedeA’sadvantage
S(4)ButA’sdisadvantage1
S(5)A’sdisadvantage2
…….
S(7)IllustrateB’sadvantage1
S(8)B’sadvantage2
……….
Paragraph3
Conclusion
文章开头引出要比较的两个事物,点明作者的观点:
赞成哪一个,反对哪一个。
第二段中先承认所反对的事物也有优点,然后着重揭示其缺点。
评完所反对的事物后,转去评论所赞成的事物。
主要是详写其优点或作者赞成的理由,也可用半句或一句承认他也有不足之处。
另一种结构是A1B1---A2B2---A3B3的分项比较法。
Paragraph2
S(3)ConcedeA’sadvantages
S(4)ButA’sdisadvantage1
S(5)B’scorrespondingadvantage1
S(6)A’sdisadvantage2
S(7)B’scorrespondingadvantage2
S(8)A’sdisadvantage3
S(9)B’scorrespondingadvantage3
这种类型的典型例句列举如下:
用于文章开头的句型:
1.Withtheadventof/developmentof/theimprovedstandardof……….
……..playsanimportantrole/partinourdailylife.(increasingattentionisdrawn/calledto………)
2.Whileitiscommonly/generally/widelybelieved/acceptedthatA…..,IbelieveB……
用于进行比较时使用的句型:
3.Studies/Researches/Experimentsshow/demonstrate/revealthat……..
4.Onthecontrary/Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofB…….
5.faroutweigh/carrymoreweightthanadvantagesofA……..
6.AlthoughBfailsto/cannot………,fewthingscanbecomparedwith/match/equalBintermsof…………
7.Theadvantage/significanceofBismorethan………
应试作文学与练第三期作文题目
(1):
LargeCompaniesandSmallCompanies
Directions:
WriteacompositiononthetopicLargeCompaniesandSmallCompaniesinthirtyminutes.Youshouldwritenolessthan120wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.
1.大学毕业后有的人希望在大公司工作。
2.有的人则认为在小公司工作更能锻炼人。
3.我的看法。
参考范文:
LargeCompaniesandSmallCompanies
Upongraduationfromcollege,youngmenandwomenfacethefirstchoiceintheircareerlife:
togotoalargecompanyorasmallone?
Althoughmanygraduatesareattractedbytheprestigeoflargecompanies,Ibelievethesmallonewillaffordmorechancesofsuccessandmoreopportunitiestodevelopyourability.
Therearetwobasicdifferencesbetweenthelargeandsmallenterprises.First,workinginthesmallcompanyyouoperateprimarilythroughpersonalcontacts;youhavemorechancetodevelopyourcommunicationabilityandtheabilitytohandlevariouskindsofpersonalities.Incontrast,inthelargecompanythereareestablishedpoliciesandfairlyrigidprocedures.Eventhemanatthetopisonlyacoginabigmachine:
youneedn’tmakeanydecisionandcan’tseetheeffectofyourwork..Second,inasmallbusinessyouarenormallyexposedtoallkindsofexperiencesandexpectedtodoagreatmanythingswithouttoomuchhelporguidance.Thus,youmayacquiremuchmoreskillsandexperience,anddeveloptheabilitytohandledifferent,complicatedthings.Butinthelargecorporation,sinceyouarenormallytaughtonethingandlimitedtooneprocedure,youmaybecomethemanwhoknowsmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.
Obviouslyifyouwanttogainmoreexperienceandabilityneededinbusinessorganizationsandtobecomeanexcellentmanagerorexecutiveinyourfuturecareer,workinginasmallcompanyisyourbestchoice.
比较篇写作题目
(2)
WhichModeofTravelDoYoulike?
Directions:
ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicWhichModeofTravelDoYoulike?
Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutline
(giveninChinese)below:
1.有的人喜欢参加旅行社旅游(packagetours)
2.有的人喜欢自己独立行动(travellingonone'sown)
3.比较这两种旅游方式,我喜欢的是..........
本期范文:
Withthegeneralstandardoflivingimprovingandtheworkingweekbecomingshorter,moreandmorepeopleareabletomakeaholidaytriptoplacesofinterest.Whilemanyliketojoinpackagetoursforconvenience,Iprefertotravelonmyown.
Iliketravellingonmayownnotonlybecauseitcostsmuchlessbutbecau
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 应试 写作