江苏省四校学年高二上学期期终考试英语试题.docx
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江苏省四校学年高二上学期期终考试英语试题.docx
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江苏省四校学年高二上学期期终考试英语试题
考试时间:
2021年1月27日
2020-2021学年第一学期高二年级期终考试
英语试题
第二部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Dogsareman'sbestfriend.Ifyouplanonbuyingadog,trytoputinalittlebitofresearch.Youwillfindoutthatthereareplentyofdogbreeds(品种)tochoosefrom,butsomearemoreexpensivethanothers.Notjustintermsoftheprice,butalsogrooming(梳理)andmedicalexpenses.
Inthislist,wewillcoverthemostexpensivedogbreedsintheworldthatyoucanbuy.We’llevenincludethedog’spricetag,washingexpenses,andaveragehealthcarecosts.
KerryBlueTerrier
Withapriceat$600,thisdogmightbeinexpensive.However,duetotheirmanyhealthconcerns,healthcarecostscanreachupto$7,000.Iftakengoodcareof,theycanliveupto15years.
GreatDane
TheGreatDanebreedisabigdogwithanaveragepriceof$800.Thisbreedhasalifeexpectancy(期限)of7to10years.Theaveragehealthcarecostsareexpectedtobearound$7,100.
BerneseMountainDog
Thepurchasepriceforoneofthesehuge120-pounddogsisaround$800.Thisbreedhasmanyhealthconcernswhichwillcostyouaround$6,500.
GermanShepherd
Knownfortheirclevernessasasheepherder,thepriceforoneisaround$800.Althoughtheycanliveforupto13years,theirhealthcarecostsupto$20,500.Whatcausestheirhealthcaretobesoexpensiveistreatingcommonhealthconditions.
21.WhatisimportanttoalifelengthofaKerryBlueTerrier?
A.Goodcare.B.Enoughfood.C.Properexercise.D.Dailycompanion.
22.WhatisspecialaboutGermanShepherd?
A.Itcoststhemosttocare.B.Itisthecheapesttoget.
C.Itcanliveupto15years.D.Itisthestrongestdog.
23.Whichwouldyoubuyifyouwanttospendlessthan$7,500,includinghealthcarecost?
A.GreatDane.B.GermanShepherd.
C.KerryBlueTerrier.D.BerneseMountainDog.
B
Thewesterngreenmamba(绿曼巴蛇),akindofsnake,isbetween5.9feetand10.5feetlong.ThismakesthewesterngreenmambathesecondlongestpoisonoussnakeinAfrica,withtheblackmambabeingthefirst.
Thewesterngreenmambais,however,themostagile(敏捷的)snakeinthemambafamily.Theirskincolorisgreenishyelloworlivegreen,whichhelpsthemtohideintheenvironment.Oneotherimportantfeatureofthesnakeisitslongtailwithasharppoint.
ThewesterngreenmambacanbefoundinWestAfrica.Theyoftenliveinrainforests.Beinganarborealspecies,thesesnakesspendmostoftheirtimemovingamongthetreetops.Theyarealsousedtomovingonthegroundandwillcommonlyleavetheirtreestorunafterapotentialmealontheground.Thewesterngreenmambaismostlyactiveinthedaytime,butcanalsobeseenhuntingatnightfromtimetotime.
Thedietofawesterngreenmambaismadeupofbirdsandallkindsofsmallanimalssuchassquirrels,miceandevenbats.Thesesnakescangetclosetotheirtargetwiththehelpoftheirnaturalskincolor.Whentheyarecloseenough,theybitethetargetwithpoisonousteethquickly.Oncethetargethasdied,thewesterngreenmambawillswallowitwhole.Ifthesesnakesarefacedwithdanger,theywilltrytorunaway.Iftheyhavenowaytorunaway,however,theywillbecomeveryaggressiveandattacktheirenemieswiththeirsharpteethrepeatedly.
Thefemalewesterngreenmambaistheonewholayeggs.Theywilllayfrom5to15eggs.Theyoungsnakesarecompletelyindependentafterbirth.Themotherandfatherplaynopartinraisingthebabysnakes.Thebabiesarebornwitheverythingtheyneedtosurviveinthewilderness.Iftheycanreachadulthood,thentheywillhavealmostnonaturalpredators.
Thewesterngreenmambaisnotdyingout.Butitsbiggestthreatcomesfrompeopleandthedamagetheycanbringtotheirhomes.Hopefully,thewesterngreenmambacancontinuetolivealongsidepeopleandneverhavetoworrythattheywilldieout.
24.Whatdoweknowaboutthewesterngreenmamba?
A.Theyarelesspoisonousthantheblackmamba.
B.Theirskincolorshelpthemhidefromothers.
C.Theyareusuallyseenlookingforfoodatnight
D.TheyarethelongestpoisonoussnakeinAfrica.
25.Theunderlinedword“arboreal”inParagraph3probablymeans________.
A.livinginhotelsB.livinginthewater
C.livinginthegrassD.livingintrees
26.Ifawesterngreenmambahasnowaytoescape,itwill________.
A.hideitselfintotheenvironmentnearbyB.fightagainsttheenemybravely
C.changeitsnaturalskincolorD.swallowtheenemywhole
27.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutyoungsnakes?
A.Theycantakecareofeachother.
B.Theyhavenonaturalpredators.
C.Theydon’tneedtheirparents’careafterbirth.
D.Theylayfromfivetofifteeneggsatatime.
C
DatacollectedbytheWorldFoodProgramshowsthateveryyearover847millionpeopleworldwidesufferfrommalnutritionandabout3.1millionchildrenundertheageof5dieofstarvation.
Whiledealingwithworldhungerisanimportantthingforscientists,itisnoteasy,consideringnaturalresources.ButthankstonewideaslikeLivingbox,theremaybesomehope.
TheIsraeliscientistsNitzanSolanandMotiCohensayLivingboxisanenvironment-friendlyecosystemmadeofsomeconnectedboxestoformamini-farm.Thismeansthatthevegetablesaregrowninwaterinsteadofsoil.
Whileprofessionalfarmershavebeendoingthatforyears,Livingboxisthefirstsystembuilttogainnutrientsfromcommonwaste.Betteryet,itcanrunwithoutelectricityandrequiresnofarmingskillstokeep.ThismeansthatcitypeoplewhocannotgetfreshvegetablescanuseLivingboxtogrowvegetables.
Itiseasyforallfarmerstosetuptheboxes.Thentheyfillthemwithfreshwaterandaddtherequiredseeds.Assoonastheyaddoneorallthreetypesofwaste,thesystemwillself-producethenitrogenneededfortheplantstotakeroot.
Thosethatusefishwastehaveadoubleadvantage—theycancultivatebothfishandvegetablesatthesametime.Thefishcanprovidethewasteneededfortheplantstogrow,whiletheplantsnaturallyfilterthewaterandhelpkeepacleanhomeforthefish.
Oncethevegetablesarereadytopick,farmerssimplyharvestthemandbeginthecyclealloveragain.Whilethe15-squarefootboxprovidesenoughvegetablesforafamilyoffour,itiseasytomakealargerLivingboxinordertobuildlargerfarms.
TheonethingthatcanpreventLivingboxfrombeingusedindevelopingcountriesisthecost.However,somebusinessmenwithseveralnon-profitorganizationshavepromisedtokeepitaffordable,sothatpoorpeoplelivingincitiesofdevelopingcountriescangetthechancetoeatnutritiousfood.
28.Whydoscientistsfindithardtosolveworldhunger?
A.Becauseitneedsalotofmoneytosolvetheproblem.
B.Becausetherearetoomanypeoplearestarvingintheworld.
C.Becausethepopulationgrowsrapidlyandtherearenotenoughresources.
D.Becausemostofthenaturalresourceshavebeendamaged.
29.WhatdoweknowaboutLivingbox?
A.Itisnotharmfultotheenvironment.
B.Itismadeofboxesfilledwithrichsoil.
C.Itrequireselectricity.
D.Itrequiresfarmerstolearnsomespecialskills.
30.Livingboxisdesignedto_________.
A.helpdevelopingcountriesbecomerich
B.getridofthewasteproducedbyanimals
C.getcleanwaterforpeoplelivingincities
D.letpoorpeoplelivingincitiesgetfreshvegetables
31.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecaninferthat__________.
A.farmerscanusetheboxesagain
B.itwillnotcostmuchmoneytobuildLivingbox
C.Livingboxhasbeenbuiltbybusinessmenintheworld
D.Livingboxhasbecomepopularindevelopingcountries
D.
Womenwhoowncatsaremorelikelytohavementalhealthproblemsandkillthemselvesbecausetheycanbeinfectedbyacommonparasitethatcanbecaughtfromcatlitter,astudyhasfound.
ResearchersfoundwomeninfectedwiththeToxoplasmagondii(T.gondii)parasite(刚地弓形虫),whichisspreadthroughcontactwithcatwasteoreatingundercookedmeatorunwashedvegetables,areatincreasedriskofattemptingsuicide.
Thestudyinvolvedmorethan45,000womeninDenmark.Aboutathirdoftheworld’spopulationisinfectedwiththeparasite,whichhidesincellsinthebrainandmuscles,oftenwithoutproducingsymptoms.Theinfection,whichiscalledtoxoplasmosis(弓形虫病),hasbeenlinkedtomentalillness,suchasschizophrenia(精神分裂症),andchangesinbehavior.
Thestudy’sseniorauthorDoctorTeodorPostolache,anassociateprofessorofpsychiatry(精神病学)attheUniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicineintheUnitedStates,said,“Wecan’tsaywithcertaintythatT.gondiicausedthewomentotrytokillthemselves,butwedidfindapredictiveassociationbetweentheinfectionandsuicideattemptslaterinlifethatdeservesadditionalstudies.”
DoctorAlbertReece,vicepresidentofmedicalaffairsattheUniversityofMaryland,said,“T.gondiiinfectionisamajorpublichealthproblemaroundtheworld,andmanypeopledon’trealizethey’reinfected.
“DrPostolacheisaleadingexpertonsuicideneuroimmunology(神经免疫学).Suicideisacriticallyimportantmentalhealthissue.Aboutonemillionpeoplecommitsuicideandanother10millionattemptsuicideworldwideeachyear.Wehopethatthistypeofresearchwillonedayhelpusfindwaystosavemanylivesthatnowendtooearlyinsuicide.”
Dr.Postolache’sresearchteamattheUniversityofMarylandwasthefirsttoreportaconnectionbetweenT.gondiiandsuicidalbehaviorin2009.HeiscooperatingwithresearchersinDenmark,GermanyandSwedentoconfirmandinvestigatethewayleadingtothisassociation.
TheT.gondiiparasitet
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