专题07 人物传记1高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练.docx
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专题07 人物传记1高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练.docx
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专题07人物传记1高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练
(1)厦门外国语学校2021届高三第一次阶段性检测之B篇
IeohMingPei,oneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedaged102.AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates,PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject:
hisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.
PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.HisglasspyramidoutsidetheLouvre,completedin1989,isnowoneofParis'mostfamouslandmarks.
PeiwasborninChinain1917intoawealthyfamily.Hisfatherwasabanker.Hisartisticmother—acalligrapherandmusician—hadthegreaterinfluenceonhim.DespitenotspeakingEnglish,hemovedtotheUSattheageof18tostudyatPennsylvania,MITandHarvard.HeworkedasaresearchscientistfortheUSgovernmentduringWorldWarTwo,andwentontoworkasanarchitect,foundinghisownfirmin1955.Hecarriedonworkingwellintooldage,creatingoneofhismostfamousmasterpieces—theMuseumofIslamicArtinDoha,Qatar—inhis80s.
Hehasdesignedbuildings,hotels,schoolsandotherstructuresacrossNorthAmerica,AsiaandEurope.HisotherworkincludesDallasCityHallandJapan'sMihoMuseum.HisstylewasinfluencedbyhisloveofIslamicarchitecture.Hisfavouredbuildingmaterialswereglassandsteel,withacombinationofconcrete.
Hewonavarietyofawardsandprizesforhisbuildings,includingtheAIAGoldMedal,thePraemiumImperialeforArchitecture.In1983PeiwasgiventhefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizeforgivingthe20thcenturysomeofitsmostbeautifulinteriorspacesandexteriorforms.Heusedhis$100,000prizemoneytostartascholarshipfundforChinesestudentstostudyarchitectureinAmerica.Inperson,Peiwasalwaysneatlydressed,good-tempered,charmingandunusuallymodest.
24.WhatdoweknowaboutPeiandhisworkontheLouvreMuseum?
A.TheFrenchapprovedofhisdesignsatfirst.
B.PeiwastheonlyforeignexpertemployedbytheLouvre.
C.Peimadeuseofglassinhisdesigns.
D.Peiretiredaftercompletingthework.
25.Whichisthecorrectorderoftimeforthefollowingfactsinthepassage?
①HereceivedthePritzkerArchitecturePrize.
②Hefoundedhisownfirm.
③HecreatedtheMuseumofIslamicArt
④Heworkedasaresearchscientist.
A.①③②④B.④①②③
C.④②①③D.①④③②
26.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribePeiaccordingtothepassage?
A.Productiveandhumorous.B.Generousandmodest.
C.Determinedandoutgoing.D.Attractiveandresponsible.
27.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.LouvrePyramidArchitectDiesAged102B.PrizesAwardedtoPei
C.LandmarksCreatedbyPeiD.AFamousArchitectPassedAway
【答案】24.C25.C26.B27.A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了享誉世界最后的现代主义建筑大师贝聿铭的生平事迹。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句HisglasspyramidoutsidetheLouvre,completedin1989,isnowoneofParis'mostfamouslandmarks.(卢浮宫外的玻璃金字塔于1989年完工,现在是巴黎最著名的地标之一。
)可知贝聿铭在他的设计中使用了玻璃。
故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第三段中HeworkedasaresearchscientistfortheUSgovernmentduringWorldWarTwo,andwentontoworkasanarchitect,foundinghisownfirmin1955.(二战期间,他曾为美国政府担任研究科学家,1955年,他创办了自己的公司,之后成为一名建筑师。
)可知贝聿铭为美国政府担任研究科学家,之后1955年成了自己的公司;根据最后一段中In1983PeiwasgiventhefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizeforgivingthe20thcenturysomeofitsmostbeautifulinteriorspacesandexteriorforms.(1983年,贝聿铭被授予第五届普利兹克建筑奖,以表彰他为20世纪创造了一些最美丽的室内空间和外部形式。
)可知贝聿铭在63岁时被授予普利兹克建筑奖;根据第三段最后一句Hecarriedonworkingwellintooldage,creatingoneofhismostfamousmasterpieces—theMuseumofIslamicArtinDoha,Qatar—inhis80s.(他一直工作到晚年,80多岁时创作了他最著名的杰作之一——卡塔尔多哈的伊斯兰艺术博物馆。
)可知贝聿铭80多岁创作了卡塔尔多哈的伊斯兰艺术博物馆。
故顺序为④②①③,选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。
根据最后一段倒数第二句Heusedhis$100,000prizemoneytostartascholarshipfundforChinesestudentstostudyarchitectureinAmerica.(他用10万美元奖金为中国学生在美国学习建筑设立了一个奖学金基金。
)可知贝聿铭是非常慷慨大方的;以及文章最后一句Inperson,Peiwasalwaysneatlydressed,good-tempered,charmingandunusuallymodest.(就个人而言,贝聿铭总是衣着整洁,脾气好,富有魅力,而且非常谦虚。
)可知贝聿铭很谦虚。
故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。
根据文章第一段第一句IeohMingPei,oneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedaged102.(贝聿铭,最后一位伟大的现代主义建筑师之一,去世,享年102岁。
)以及文章主要为介绍贝聿铭的生平事迹可知A选项符合题意。
故选A。
(2)徐州市2021届高三9月学情调研考试之D篇
HawkingdiedearlyWednesdayathishomeinEnglandattheageof76.Throughouthiscareerasoneoftheworld’smostrecognizablecosmicthinkers,heregularlythrewhimselfintopopculture’scomedicringwithcameos(客串)onprogramssuchasTheSimpsonsandLateNightwithConanO’Brien.
TheseappearancesdefinedHawking’spersonallifeasmushashisuniverse-shakingtheoreticalwork.Humor,however,wasnotjustonesideofhispersonality,butakeytoovercomingthediseasehestruggledagainstsince1963.
“Keepinganactivemindhasbeenvitaltomysurvival,ashasmaintainingasenseofhumor,”Hawkingsaidina2013documentary.“IamprobablybetterknownformyappearancesonTheSimpsonsandonTheBigBangTheorythanIamformyscientificdiscoveries.”
At21,Hawkingwasdiagnosedwithaconditionsimilartoamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(肌萎缩性侧索硬化症),alsoknownasLouGehrig’sdisease.AccordingtotheALSAssociation,“HalfofallpeopleaffectedwithALSliveatmostthreeormoreyearsafterdiagnosis.Twentypercentlivefiveyearsormore;onlytenpercentwilllivemorethantenyears.”
ThediseasewouldeventuallyshutdownHawking’smotorfunctions,makinghimspeechlessandunabletomovewithoutawheelchair.Doctorsinitiallysaidhewouldbedeadintwoyears.Hiscondition,however,provedtobearateslow-actingversion.
ButHawkingfoughtthroughhisworsephysicalstate,risingtoapositionasacelebratedprofessorofmathematicalattheUniversityofCambridgeandalteringthepopularconceptionofphysicswithhis1988bestseller,ABriefHistoryofTime.
“WhenIturned21,myexpectationswerereducedtozero,”hesaidinaTVshow.Headded,“ItwasimportantthatIcametoappreciatewhatIdidhave.It’salsoimportantnotbecomeangry,nomatterhowdifficultlifeis,becauseyoucanloseallhopeifyoucan’tlaughatyourselfandatlifeingeneral.”
12.WhatwasHawkinglikeaccordingtothetext?
A.Hewaskindandbrave.B.Hewasfriendlyandadventurous.
C.Hewashumorousandstrong-minded.D.Hewasshyanduncommunicative.
13.HowdidHawkingdealwithALS?
A.Hedidfurtherresearchintothedisease.
B.Hekeptapositiveattitudetowardshisdisease.
C.Hedidmoreexerciseandspokealotwithothers.
D.Hewenttohospitaltohaveahealthcheckregularly.
14.WhatcanbelearntfromthestoryofHawking?
A.Laughteristhebestmedicine.
B.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.
C.Everythingcomestohimwhowaits.
D.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.
15.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?
A.ALSisacommondiseaseinEngland.
B.DoctorsonceabandonedtreatmentforHawking.
C.PlayingrolesincomedywasHawking’sfavorite.
D.It’salmostawonderthatHawkingcansurvivethedisease.
【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D
【解析】
本文是记叙文。
主要讲了霍金被确诊为肌萎缩性侧索硬化症后,是如何积极面对,最终创造奇迹的。
【12题详解】
推理判断题根据第二段第二句Humor,however,wasnotjustonesideofhispersonality,butakeytoovercomingthediseasehestruggledagainstsince1963.可知霍金是一个幽默的人,而且从1963年就开始与疾病作斗争。
所以说霍金是一个幽默而又意志坚定的人,故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题根据第六段ButHawkingfoughtthroughhisworsephysicalstate,risingtoapositionasacelebratedprofessorofmathematicalattheUniversityofCambridgeandalteringthepopularconceptionofphysicswithhis1988bestseller,ABriefHistoryofTime.(但霍金克服了他糟糕的身体状况,在剑桥大学担任著名的数学教授,并以1988年的畅销书,即一部简短的历史,改变了物理学的流行概念)可知霍金克服身体状况,最后成为著名的数学教授。
所以说他对自己的病保持着积极的态度。
故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题从最后一段“ItwasimportantthatIcametoappreciatewhatIdidhave.It’salsoimportantnotbecomeangry,nomatterhowdifficultlifeis,becauseyoucanloseallhopeifyoucan’tlaughatyourselfandatlifeingeneral.(重要的是,我欣赏我所拥有的。
同样重要的是,不要生气,无论生活多么艰难,因为如果你不能嘲笑自己和整个生活,你就会失去所有的希望)”可知霍金以积极的心态对待自己的疾病,最终改变肌萎缩性侧索硬化症不可战胜的说法,所以我们可以推断出微笑是治病的良药,故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题根据第四段AccordingtotheALSAssociation,“HalfofallpeopleaffectedwithALSliveatmostthreeormoreyearsafterdiagnosis.Twentypercentlivefiveyearsormore;onlytenpercentwilllivemorethantenyears.”可知确诊为肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的病人最多活三年或者三年多点;20%的人能活五年或者更长;只有10%的人能活十年以上。
霍金能活到76岁确实是一个奇迹,故选D。
(3)2021届广东省八区第一学期高三调研考试之B篇
WhenRachelRatellesawanewsvideoofaburnedkoalatryingtoclimbatreetosafetyinfire-ravaged(火灾肆虐的)Australia,shedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.
ShelookedupwildliferescueandreliefagenciesinAustraliatofindoutwhattheyneededmost.Besidesdonations,manyorganizationsaskedforhand-sewnandknittedpouches(袋子)andwrapsforkoalasandotheranimalsthatwereburnedorhadlosttheirhomesandparentsinthefires.
ThisideaattractedRatelle,buttherewasjustoneproblem.
"I'dneversewninmylife,"saidRatelle,17,asenioratRanchoBuenaVistaHighSchoolinVista,US."Givingmoneyseemedlikesomethingtoosimple.ButIwantedtodirectlyhelptheseanimalsbydoingsomethingmyself,soIdecidedtolearnhowtosew."
Overthenextfewmonths,Ratelleboughtherownsewingmachineandtaughtherselfhowtosewviavideosonline.Thenshebought18yardsoffabricandsewed25pouchesofdifferentsizesandshippedthemofftoFirAustralianWildlifeNeedingAid(FAWNA),oneofseveralrelieforganizationsthathaverushedtorescuekoalas,kangaroosandotherspeciessufferingfrombums.Aweeklater,shereceivedaphotofromFAWNAwithababykangarooinoneofherlargerpouches."ItmademefeellikeIcontributedtotheworldanditshowedhowasimpleactofkindnesscangoalongway,"saidRatelle,whohopestostudybiologyforafuturecareerasanursepractitioner.
"Iplantousemynewsewingskills
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