英国文学史及作品选.docx
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英国文学史及作品选.docx
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英国文学史及作品选
英国文学史及作品选读考试
I.Pleasechoosefivetermsfromthefollowing,andwritedownwhateveryouknowaboutthem.
theballads。
theRenaissance。
Humanism。
metaphysicalpoets。
classicism。
romanticism。
imagism。
streamofconsciousnessb5E2RGbCAP
II.Pleasereadthefollowingpoemandgenerateanessayonit.(whilewriting,youcantakethefollowingquestionsintoconsideration:
p1EanqFDPw
1.Whatisthethemeofthefollowingpoem?
2.Towhatclassofversedoesthepoembelong?
Thatis,isitnarrative,dramatic,DXDiTa9E3d
lyrical,satiricorhumorous?
3.Whatmetricalformhasthewriterchosen?
Howhasthepoetmadethemeter,RTCrpUDGiT
rhythmandwordmelodycontributetotheexpressionofhistheme?
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4.Whatisthemoodofthepoem?
Howdosethepoetsuggestthemood?
DoeshejLBHrnAILg
passfromonemoodtoanother?
>
LaughingSong
(fromSongofInnocence>
Whenthegreenwoodslaughwiththevoiceofjoy,
Andthedimplingstreamrunslaughingby。
Whentheairdoeslaughwithourmerrywit,
Andthegreenhilllaughswiththenoiseofit。
Whenthemeadowslaughwithlivelygreen,
Andthegrasshopperlaughsinthemerryscene,
WhenMaryandSusanandEmily
Withtheirsweetroundmouthssing“Ha,Ha,He!
”
Whenthepaintedbirdslaughintheshade,
Whenourtablewithcherriesandnutsisspread。
Comeliveandbemerryandjoinwithme,
Tosingthesweetchorusof“Ha,Ha,He!
”
theballads
Oralliterature
Theballads:
itisthemostimportantdepartmentofEnglishfolkliterature.Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.xHAQX74J0X
TheRobinHoodBallads
theRenaissance
Theriseofthebourgeoisiesoonshoweditsinfluenceinthesphereofculturallife.TheresultisanintellectualmovementknownastheRenaissance,ortherebirthofletters.LDAYtRyKfE
ItsprangfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Zzz6ZB2Ltk
TwostrikingfeaturestheRenaissance
athirstingcuriosityforclassicalliteratureand
akeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity
(representatives>includingLeonardodaVinci,SandroBotticelli,andMichelangeloBuonarroti.[5]dvzfvkwMI1
Humanism
Thekey-noteoftheRenaissance.
Accordingtothehumanists,bothmanandtheworldarehinderedbyexternalchecksfrominfiniteimprovement.Mancouldmouldtheworldaccordingtohisdesires,andattainhappinessbyremovingallexternalchecksbytheexerciseofreason.(代表人物及作品>rqyn14ZNXI
Humanistscholarsshapedtheintellectuallandscapethroughouttheearlymodernperiod.PoliticalphilosopherssuchasNiccolòMachiavelliandThomasMorerevivedtheideasofGreekandRomanthinkers,andappliedthemincritiquesofcontemporarygovernment.PicodellaMirandolawrotewhatisoftenconsideredthemanifestooftheRenaissance,avibrantdefenceofthinking,theOrationontheDignityofMan.MatteoPalmieri(1406–1475>,anotherhumanist,ismostknownforhisworkDellavitacivile("OnCivicLife"。
printed1528>whichadvocatedcivichumanism,andhisinfluenceinrefiningtheTuscanvernaculartothesamelevelasLatin.Palmieri'swrittenworksdrawnonRomanphilosophersandtheorists,especiallyCicero,who,likePalmieri,livedanactivepubliclifeasacitizenandofficial,aswellasatheoristandphilosopherandalsoQuintilian.Perhapsthemostsuccinctexpressionofhisperspectiveonhumanismisina1465poeticworkLacittàdivita,butanearlierworkDellavitacivile(OnCivicLife>ismorewide-ranging.ComposedasaseriesofdialoguessetinacountryhouseintheMugellocountrysideoutsideFlorenceduringtheplagueof1430,Palmieriexpoundsonthequalitiesoftheidealcitizen.Thedialoguesincludeideasabouthowchildrendevelopmentallyandphysically,howcitizenscanconductthemselvesmorally,howcitizensandstatescanensureprobityinpubliclife,andanimportantdebateonthedifferencebetweenthatwhichispragmaticallyusefulandthatwhichishonest.EmxvxOtOco
metaphysicalpoets
theworksoftheMetaphysicalpoetsarecharacterized,generallyspeaking,bymysticismincontentandfantasticalityinformSixE2yXPq5
JohnDonne(1572-1631>:
thefounder
GeorgeHerbert(1593-1633>:
“thesaintoftheMetaphysicalschool”6ewMyirQFL
ThemetaphysicalpoetswerealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whosharedaninterestinmetaphysicalconcernsandacommonwayofinvestigatingthem,andwhoseworkwascharacterisedbyinventivenessofmetaphor(theseinvolvedcomparisonsbeingknownasmetaphysicalconceits>.Thesepoetswerenotformallyaffiliated。
mostofthemdidnotevenknoworreadeachother.Theirpoetrywasinfluencedgreatlybythechangingtimes,newsciencesandthenewfounddebauchedsceneofthe17thcentury.kavU42VRUs
∙JohnDonne(1572–1631>
∙GeorgeHerbert(1593–1633>
∙AndrewMarvell(1621–1678>
∙SaintRobertSouthwell(c.1561–1595>
∙RichardCrashaw(c.1613–1649>,
∙ThomasTraherne(1636or1637–1674>
∙HenryVaughan(1622–1695>
Thefollowingpoetshavealsobeensometimesconsideredmetaphysicalpoets[citationneeded]:
y6v3ALoS89
∙GeorgeChapman(c.1559–1634>
∙ThomasCarew(1595–1640>
∙AbrahamCowley(1618–1667>,
∙EdwardHerbert(1583–1648>
∙RichardLeigh
∙KatherinePhilips(1632–1664>,
∙SirJohnSuckling(1609–1642>
∙EdwardTaylor(c.1642–1729>
∙AnneBradstreet(c.1612–1672>
∙JohnWilmot,2ndEarlofRochester(1647–1680>
Classicism
TheclassicistsmodelledthemselvesonGreekandLatinauthors,andtriedtocontrolliterarycreationbysomefixedrulesdrawnfromGreekandLatinworks.M2ub6vSTnP
Drama:
Rimedcoupletinsteadofblankverse,thethreeunityoftime,placeandaction,regularityinconstruction,andthepresentationoftypesratherthanindividuals0YujCfmUCw
Poetry:
lyric,epic,didactic,satiricordramatic
Prose:
precise,directandflexible
Classicismisaforcewhichisoftenpresentinpost-medievalEuropeanandEuropeaninfluencedtraditions。
however,someperiodsfeltthemselvesmoreconnectedtotheclassicalidealsthanothers,particularlytheAgeofReason,theAgeofEnlightenment,andsomeclassicizingmovementsinModernismeUts8ZQVRd
Examplesofclassicistplaywrights:
∙PierreCorneille
∙JeanRacine
VictorHugowasamongthefirstFrenchplaywrightstobreaktheseconventions.IntheEnglishtheatre,WilliamShakespeareandhiscontemporariesdidnotfollowtheClassicistphilosophy,butthereisevidenceinShakespeare'slaterplays,suchasTheTempest,ofhismakingsomeattempttocomplywiththese.sQsAEJkW5T
Pre-Romanticism
TheRomanticRevival
ItwasmarkedbyastrongprotestagainstbondageofClassicism,byarecognitionoftheclaimsofpassionandemotion,andbyarenewedinterestinmedievalliterature.GMsIasNXkA
Percy。
Macpherson。
Chatterton。
Blake。
Burns
Romanticism
Time:
1798-1832
Twoschools:
1.passive/escapistromanticists:
reflectedthethinkingofclassesruinedbythebourgeoisie,andbywayofprotestagainstcapitalistdevelopmentturnedtothefeudalpastTIrRGchYzg
representedbyWordsworth,ColeridgeandSouthey
2.activeromanticists:
expressedtheaspirationsoftheclassescreatedbycapitalismandheldoutanidealoffuturesocietyfreefromoppression7EqZcWLZNX
representedbyByron,ShelleyandKeats
Imagism
ImagismwasanAnglo-Americanpoeticmovementflourishinginthe1910s.lzq7IGf02E
Imagismwasamovementinearly20th-centuryAnglo-Americanpoetrythatfavoredprecisionofimageryandclear,sharplanguage.TheImagistsrejectedthesentimentanddiscursivenesstypicalofmuchRomanticandVictorianpoetry.Thiswasincontrasttotheircontemporaries,theGeorgianpoets,whowerebyandlargecontenttoworkwithinthattradition.GrouppublicationofworkundertheImagistnameappearingbetween1914and1917featuredwritingbymanyofthemostsignificantfiguresinModernistpoetryinEnglish,aswellasanumberofotherModernistfiguresprominentinfieldsotherthanpoetry.zvpgeqJ1hk
EzraPound(1885-1972>:
“Animageisthatwhichrepresentsanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinaninstantoftime.”NrpoJac3v1
TheImagistpoetryisakindoffreeverse,shakingofftheconventionalmetresandemphasizingontheuseofcommonspeech,newrhythmsandclearimage.1nowfTG4KI
streamofconsciousness
The“streamofconsciousness”isapsychologicaltermindicating“thefluxofconsciousandsubconsciousthoughtsandimpressionsmovinginmindatanygiventimeindependentlyoftheperson’swill.Inthe20thcentury,undertheinfluenceofFreud’stheoryofpsychologicalanalysis,anumberofwritersadoptedthe“streamofconsciousness”methodofnovelwriting.fjnFLDa5Zo
Inliterarycriticism,streamofconsciousnessisanarrativemodethatseekstoportrayanindividual'spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentofthecharacter'sthoughtprocesses,eitherinalooseinteriormonologue,orinconnectiontohisorheractions.tfnNhnE6e5
Stream-of-consciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasaspecialformofinteriormonologueandischaracterizedbyassociativeleapsinsyntaxandpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow.Streamofconsciousnessandinteriormonologuearedistinguishedfromdramaticmonologue,wherethespeakerisaddressinganaudienceorathirdperson,whichisusedchieflyinpoetryordrama.Instreamofconsciousness,thespeaker'sthoughtprocessesaremoreoftendepictedasoverheardinthemind(oraddressedtooneself>。
itisprimarilyafictionaldevice.Thetermwasintroducedtothefieldofliterarystudiesfromthatofpsychology,whereitwascoinedbyphilosopherandpsychologistWilliamJames.HbmVN777sL
∙SamuelBeckett's'trilogy' :
oMolloy(1951>
oMaloneDies(1951>
oTheUnnamable(1953>
∙JohnDosPassos'sThe42ndParallel(1930>
afor
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