英语高三英语阅读理解及其解题技巧及练习题含答案.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解及其解题技巧及练习题含答案.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解及其解题技巧及练习题含答案
(英语)高三英语阅读理解及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
A3-year-oldboywhowaslostinthewoodsfortwodaysisnowsafeathomewithhisfamily.ButCaseyHathawaytoldhisrescuersthathewasnotaloneintherainy,freezingcoldwoods.Hesaidhewaswithafriend—abear.
ThechildwentmissingonJanuary22.Hewasplayingwithfriendsathisgrandmother'shouseinthesouthernstateofNorthCarolina.WhentheotherchildrenreturnedhomebutCaseydidnot,thefamilysearchedtheareaforalmostanhourbeforecallingthepolice.Policeformedasearchandrescueteamtolookfortheyoungboyinthenearbywoods.Buttwodayswentbyandstill—noCasey.
ThenonJanuary24,someonecalledthepolicesayingheheardachildcryinginthewoods.PolicefollowedupontheinformationandfoundCaseyatabout9:
30thatnight.Theypulledhimoutofsomebriar.Hewasingoodhealth.Caseytoldtherescuersthathehadhungoutwithablackbearfortwodays,abearhecalledhis"friend".
SheriffChipHughesspokewithreportersfromseveralnewsagencies.HesaidCaseydidnotsayhowhewasabletosurviveinthewoodsforthreedaysinthecold,rainyweather.However,thesheriffsaid,"Hedidsayhehadafriendinthewoodsthatwasabearthatwaswithhim."
Hundredsofpeoplehelpedinthesearchandrescueefforts,includingsome600volunteers,federalpoliceandmembersofthemilitary.OfficerHughestoldreportersthatatnopointdidhethinkCaseyhadbeenkidnapped.
HismotherBrittanyHathawaytalkedwithreportersfromalocalnewsagencyandthankedeveryonewhojoinedthesearchforherson."Wejustwanttotelleverybodythatwe'reverythankfulthatyoutookthetimeouttosearchforCaseyandprayedforhim,andhe'sgood,"saidhismother."Heisgood,heisupandtalking.He'salreadyaskedtowatchNetflix.So,he'sgood…"
(1)WhendidCaseygetlost?
A. OnJanuary24.
B. Aftera911call.
C. Beforehisplaymatescame.
D. Afterhelefthisgrandmother'shouse.
(2)Whatcanweknowabouttheboy?
A. Hesurvivedwiththehelpofabear.
B. Therescuersrescuedhimfromabear.
C. Someoneofferedkeyinformationtofindhim.
D. HewaseventuallyfoundbyofficerHughes.
(3)Whydidthemothersaythatinthelastparagraph?
A. Toreportthedetailedsituation.
B. Toshowhergratitudeandrelief.
C. Toinviteeveryonetowatchherchild.
D. Toappreciatesearchersandthebear.
(4)Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?
A. Anewsreport.
B. Aguidebook.
C. Adiary.
D. Anadvertisement.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,男孩凯西在离开祖母家后就失踪了。
两天之后,警察根据得到的线索在树林里找到了凯西。
凯西告诉他的救援人员在森林里的这两天他一直和一只熊在一起。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“ThechildwentmissingonJanuary22.Hewasplayingwithfriendsathisgrandmother'shouseinthesouthernstateofNorthCarolina.WhentheotherchildrenreturnedhomebutCaseydidnot”,可知这个孩子在1月22日失踪了。
他正在他的祖母在北卡罗来纳州南部州的房子里玩耍。
当其他孩子回家时,凯西却没有。
也就是在离开祖母的房子后,凯西没有回家,失踪了。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“ThenonJanuary24,someonecalledthepolicesayingheheardachildcryinginthewoods.PolicefollowedupontheinformationandfoundCaseyatabout9:
30thatnight.”可知然后在1月24日,有人打电话给警察,说他听到一个孩子在树林里哭泣。
警方跟进了该消息,并于当晚9点30分发现了凯西。
所以是有人提供了关键的信息来帮助找到这个男孩。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"‘Wejustwanttotelleverybodythatwe'reverythankfulthatyoutookthetimeouttosearchforCaseyandprayedforhim,andhe'sgood,‘saidhismother.’Heisgood,heisupandtalking.He'salreadyaskedtowatchNetflix.So,he'sgood…’"可知男孩凯西的妈妈说:
"我们只想告诉大家,我们非常感谢您抽出宝贵的时间去搜寻凯西并为他祈祷,他的状况很好。
""他很好,他在说话。
他已经被要求观看Netflix。
所以,他很好……",从妈妈的话中可知她很感激大家的帮助,她说这些话的目的就是为了向救援人员表达自己的感激。
同时她强调凯西一切都好,感到很欣慰。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
本文讲述了一个小男孩失踪后被找到的事情,文中有具体的时间地点和各方人物,描述详细客观,结合最后一段中的talkedwithreportersfromalocalnewsagency可以推断这最有可能是一篇新闻报道。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.
Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.
Hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbyKieranCox,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofVictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation(吸入)usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.
Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater."Thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact."Coxsays.Thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate"theaccumulativehumanexposure"tomicroplastics.Butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.Collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofAmericans'caloricintake.Theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.
Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.Buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.
(1)Whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticscommonlyexistinthehumanbody?
A.Thequality.
B.Thequantity.
C.Theshape.
D.Thesize.
(2)HowdidKieranCox'steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?
A.Bystudyingpapers.
B.Bycomparingtheimpacts.
C.Byanalyzingthedata.
D.Byconductingexperiments.
(3)Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
A.Drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.
B.Thestudyisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.
C.Cox'steamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicroplasticstakeninbyhumans.
D.Peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodanddrink.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.ThePotentialProblemsofMicroplastics
B.MicroplasticsComingFromVariousSources
C.MicroplasticsFoundWithinHumanBodies
D.TheImpactofMicroplasticsonHumanHealth
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody”微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间,有多种来源,包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料,因此,关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处,可知,微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中,故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation(吸入)usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.”基兰·考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率,评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量,根据这些数据,研究人员计算出,我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等,由此可知,基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的,故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.”这项研究的作者发现,那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒,而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒,由此可知,少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入,故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.”微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在,在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪,一项新的研究表明,美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个,可知,本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Severalyearsago,Ibeganaskingmyfriendsandfamilytotellmesomethingabouttheirpasswords.Yes,Iunderstandwhypasswordsareuniversallyhated:
thepressuretheyputonourmemoryandtheendlessdemandtoupdatethem.Ihatethemtoo.Butthereismoretopasswordsthantheirannoyance.Inthefactthatweconstructthemsothatwecanrememberthem,theytakeonsecretlives.
TherewasaformerprisonerwhosepasswordincludeswhatusedtobehisprisonIDnumbertoconstantlytellhimnottogoback.Andtherewasachildless45-year-oldwomanwhosepasswordisthenameofthebabyshelostinher25(herwayoftryingtokeephimalive,Iguess).
Sometimesthepasswordswereplayful.Severalpeoplesaidtheyused"incorrect"fortheirssothatwhentheyforgotit,thesoftwareautomaticallypromotedthem
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