全新版大学英语单词详解 Book2 Unit5.docx
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全新版大学英语单词详解 Book2 Unit5.docx
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全新版大学英语单词详解Book2Unit5
Unit5OvercomingObstacles
TextATrueHeight
1.(L.1)sweat:
1.v.producesweat
*Thewhiteshirtsweresweatedthrough.
*Hewassweatingafterworkingsohard.
2.n.liquidwhichcomesoutfromthebodythroughtheskintocoolit
(=Iwascoveredinsweatafterrunningtocatchthebus.)
2.(L.8)grace:
n.
1)qualityofbeingsmoothandelegant,esp.inmovementorstructure
*Weadmiredthegracewithwhichthefashionmodelswalkedacrosstheroom.
*Shedancedwithagracethatsurprisedus.
2)kindness;willingnesstodowhatisright
*Shehadthegracetosaythathewasright.
*他勉强地承认他错了。
(=Heagreedthathewaswrongwithbadgrace.)
3.(L.10)mere:
adj.nothingmorethan
(=Shelosttheelectionbyamere20votes.)
光说无济于事。
(=Merewordswon’thelp.)
4.(L.10)fantasy:
n.(creationof)imagination
*Thestoryisafantasy.
*Helivesinaworldoffantasy.
CF:
fantasy,fancy&imagination
fantasy通常指无限制的,不受意志支配的,完全脱离现实的空想。
例如:
*AnamusementparkfulloffiguresfromfairytalesmaybecalledFantasyLand.一个游乐园,如果充满了神话故事中的人物塑雕,则堪称虚幻境界。
fancy强调凭空想象客观世界不存在之事物,这种凭空想象并非完全脱离现实,只是离现实较远。
例如:
*Hermindwentwherefancytookit.他总是不着边际地胡思乱想。
imagination是个常用词,最少有贬义,它所表示的想象或想象力可以指对过去的事物的重新构想;也可以指对不存在或不能存在之事物的构想。
例如:
*Doesshehavetheimaginationtofigureoutwhathappened她真的富有想象力,能够推想出发生的事情吗
*Theseplansrevealacompletefailureofimagination.这些计划显得毫无想象力。
5.numerous:
adj.verymany
*Hehasanumerousacquaintanceamongpoliticians.
*DuringtheDepression,numerouspeoplewanderedfromtowntotownlookingforwork.
6.(L.15)passion:
n.strongfeeling,esp.oflove
(=Thepoetexpressedhisburningpassionforthewomanheloved.)
他特别喜欢吃冰淇淋。
(=Hehasapassionforicecream.)
7.(L.15)detail:
n.small,particularfactoritem
*Everythinginherstoryiscorrectdowntothesmallestdetail.
不要遗漏一点细节。
(=Don’tomitasingledetail.)
Collocation:
go/enterintodetails详细说明
indetail详细地
8.(L.16)recur:
vi.
1)comeorhappenagain
*Ifthepainrecurs,takethismedicine.
你知道循环小数吗
(=Doyouknowtherecurringdecimals)
2)(ofideas,eventsetc.)comeback
*Myfirstmeetingwithheroftenrecurstomymemory.
*Thoughtsofhomeandfamilyrecurredtothelonelytraveler.
3)goback(tosth.)inwordsorthought
*Letusrecurtowhatyousaidyesterday.
*DoyoumindifImayrecurtoyouridea
9.(L.21)coincide:
v.
1)(ofideas,opinions,etc.)tobeinagreement
*Histastesandhabitscoincidewiththoseofhiswife.
*Thejudgesdidnotcoincideinopinion.
2)happenatthesametimeofduringthesameperiodoftime
*Theycouldnotgotothetheatretogetherbecausehisfreetimenevercoincidedwithhers.
(=Theartexhibitioncoincideswiththe50thanniversaryofhisdeath.)
10.(L.24)core:
n.
1)mostimportantorcentralpartofanything
*Thecoreoftheproblemistheirobjectiontoeducationalreform.
让我们直入事务的本质。
(=Let’sgettothecoreofthematter.)
2)hardcentralpartcontainingtheseedsofcertainfruits,suchastheapple
*Anapplecoreisthepartofanappleleftafterthefleshhasbeeneaten.
Collocation:
tothecore:
彻底地;完全地
*SheisFrenchtothecore.她是个地道的法国人。
11.(L.28)alternate:
1.adj.1)everyotherorsecond
*Heworksonalternatedays.
*Theshowwassponsoredbydifferentclientsonalternateweeks.
2)(ortwothings)happeningbyturns
这是晴雨交替的一周。
(=Thisisaweekofalternaterainandsunshine.)
*Shewearsashirtwithalternatestripesofblueandwhite.
2.v.(causeto)followbyturns
*Wealternatedperiodsofworkandrest.
汤姆时而发怒,时而害怕。
(=Tomalternatedbetweenangerandfright.)
Collocation:
alternatebetween时而…时而…
*Theyalternatebetweensupportingusandopposingus.
alternatein轮流
*Wealternateindoingthehouseholdchores.
alternatewith(使)与…交替
*Sunnyweatheralternateswithrain.
12.(L.32)relax:
v.
1)makeorbecomelesstense,worriedornervous
*Sitdownandrelax!
音乐可以帮助你放松一下。
(=Themusicwillhelptorelaxyou.)
2)makeorbecomelessstiffortight
(=Hismusclesrelaxed.)
3)make(effortorcontrol)lesssevere
*Youmustnotrelaxyourcontrolforamoment.
13.(L.37)vain:
adj.
1)toopleasedwithone’sownabilitiesorlooks
*She’svainofherbeauty.
他极其自负。
(=He’sasvainasapeacock.)
2)withoutresult;useless
*Afteranumberofvainattemptstoclimbthemountain,wewereforcedtoreturntocamp.
*Itisvaintoresist.
NB:
vain的常用词组是invain,意为“徒劳地,白白地”
CF:
vain,empty,hollow&bare
这几个词都是形容词,都有“空的”、“空着的”之意。
vain意思是“空洞的”、“空洞的”。
empty主要表示某空间没有人或物,无任何内容。
hollow表示物体内部是空的,如数、气球等。
bare主要指某物的表面上是空的,无装饰的。
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankwiththeabovewordsandchangetheformwherenecessary.
1.Thecinemawashalf______.
2.We’vemadea______attempttomakehimchangehismind.
3.Don’tsleepon______boards.
4.Thepoorgirlwentonforanothertenmilesonan______stomach.
5.Thewallslooksolid,butinfactthey’re____
14.(L.44)emotion:
n.
1)anyofthestrongoffeelingsofthehumanspirit
*Love,hatred,fearandgriefareemotions
*Jackisamanofgreatemotion,easilygiventotears.
2)strengthoffeeling;excitedstateofthefeelings
*Hedescribedtheaccidentinavoiceshakingwithemotion.
*Hethoughtofhisdeadchildwithdeepemotion.
CF:
emotion,feelingandsensitivity
这些词都是名词,都有“感情”之意。
emotion表示人的精神、身体全部反映的一种状态,表现为人的任何强烈的感情。
例如:
*Thespeakerappealedtoouremotionsratherthantoourminds.演讲者激发了我们的情感而不是启发我们的思考。
feeling是常用词,意思是“感觉”、“感触”、“心情”,部分体现为精神,部分体现为身体,但并不是具有情感反应特征的基本的感觉、反射或心境。
除非有上下文的提示,一般不表明反应的性质、程度。
例如:
*Herfeelingwasthatrightwouldwin.她感觉公理会取得胜利。
*Hehadlostalloffeelingintheleftleg.他的左腿完全失去了知觉。
sensitivity意思是“感受性”、“敏感性”。
例如:
*Thedentistgavemeaninjectionwhichreducedthesensitivityofthenerve.牙医给我注射一针以减轻神经的敏感性。
(插入图片dentist)
15.(L.48)beashamedof:
feelingfoolishoruncomfortablebecauseof(sth.)
*Youshouldbeashamedofyourbehavior!
他由于问了这样简单的问题而感到难为情。
(=Hewasashamedofaskingsuchasimplequestion.)
16.(L.53)startle:
vt.Giveasuddenshockorsurpriseto
*Youstartledme!
Ididn’thearyoucomein.
*Shewasstartledtoseehimlookingsoill.
CF:
startle,frighten&terrify
这组动词都是动词,都有“恐吓”的意思。
startle指短时间内叫人震惊的恐惧,可能造成突然的不由自主的身体不能动弹。
例如:
*Theclapofthunderstartledus.雷鸣般的掌声惊呆了我。
frighten是最普通的词,没有特殊的意义,仅表示“吓唬”或“使…害怕”。
例如:
*Notwantingtofrightenthepoorman,MrsRichardsquicklyhidinthesmallstore-roomunderthestairs.理查夫人不想吓唬这可怜的人,所以她很快地藏到楼梯下的小贮藏室里。
terrify含义是“使恐怖”,受到这种惊怕的人是不能自制的
*Bruceengagedlowgearanddroveataterrifyingspeed.布鲁斯接通了低速挡,开车速度快得令人害怕。
17.(L.56)intensity:
n.stateofbeingintense
*Themayordidn’trealizetheintensityofpeople’sfeelingsonthehousingissue.
*Thepoemshowsgreatintensityoffeeling.
18.(L.56)anxiety:
n.
1)feelingofworryoffear
*Theyfeltstronganxietyforhersafety.
*Afterhearingtheiradvicehehadnomoreanxieties.
2)strongwishtodosomething;eagerness
*Theteacherpraisedhimforhisanxietyforknowledge.
*Healwaysshowshisanxietytopleasehisemployers.
Collocation:
anxietyabout对…的焦虑
anxietyfor为…的担忧
CF:
anxiety,worry&concern
这些词都是名词,都有“担忧”、“担心”之意。
anxiety主要指对不幸或失败的痛苦的恐惧和不确定。
例如:
*Atthemost,hewillexperiencefeelingsofanxiety,shame,insecurity,andhelplessness他至多能体验到忧虑、耻辱、不安和无助感。
worry指扰乱人精神安宁的持续不断的疑虑或害怕。
例如:
*Ithinkrichpeoplehaveaboutasmanyworriesaspoorones.我认为富人和穷人的烦恼一样多。
concern强调介入了思想不安的因素;它将严肃的思想和情绪结合起来。
例如:
*Concernformanhimselfandhisfatemustalwaysformthechiefinterestofalltechnicalendeavors对人类自身及其命运的关注,必将成为所有技术事业的主要关注内容。
19.(L.57)tension:
n.
1)worryornervousness
*Iamsufferingfromnervoustension.
你能适应大城市的紧张生活吗
(=Canyouadaptyourselftothetensionsoflifeinabigcity)
2)degreeoftightnessofawire,rope,etc.
*Ifyouincreasethetensionofthatviolinstringitwillbreak.
20.(L.63)tense:
adj.
1)feelingworriedornervous;makingpeopleworriedornervous
*Thetwocountriesbegantodiscusstheirtenserelations.
(=Thereisatensemomentbeforeweheardthenews.)
2)stretchedtight;stiff
*Withhisbodysotense,itseemedasthoughhewerelisteningforsomething.
*Istheropetense
21.(L.65)alongwith:
togetherwith
*Hewentonthejourneyalongwithhistwofriends.
她把钞票连同找回的零钱和发票一起重又放进抽屉。
(=Sheplacedthebanknotes,alongwiththechangeandreceipts,backinthedrawer.)
Collocation:
allalong始终,一直
comealong进展;跟着来
getalong进展;与…和睦相处
goalong进展;前进;同行
22.(L.66)stretchout:
spreadout;straightentofulllength
*Hestretchedhimselfoutinfrontofthefire.
*TheseastretchedoutasfarasIcouldsee.
23.(L.80)bring(sb.)backtoearth:
cause(sb.)tostopdaydreaming;cause(sb.)toreturntoreality
*Emily’svoicebroughthimbacktoearth.
*Youhadbetterbringyourselfbacktoearthforanhourandcookussomedinner.
Collocation:
comeback/downtoearth(从幻想中)回到现实
onearth人世间;究竟
24.(L.81)inone’smind’seye:
inone’simagination
*Inmymind’seyeIsawthecliffsrisingsheer.
她在想象中酝酿自己的下一步作品。
(=Shewaswritinghernextpieceinhermind’seye.)
25.(L.87)congratulate:
vt.Speakto(aperson)withpraiseandadmirationforahappyeventorsomethingsuccessfullydone
*Wecongratulateheronhavingpassedtheexams.
(=Letmecongratulateyouonthebirthofyourdaughter.)
26.(L.91)media:
n.meansofmasscommunication,.TV,radio,newspaper
*Themediacontrols/controlthenews.
*Muchofwhatchildrenlearncomesdirectlyfromthemassmedia.
TextBFourteenSteps
1.(para.1)incline:
v.(makesb.)tendtofeelsth.orwanttodosth.
*Iinclinetotheviewthatpeacecanbeachieved.
*ThePrimeMinisterisbelievedtobeincliningtowardsanAprilelection.
*尽管不是很确
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