whatisgrit答案.docx
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whatisgrit答案.docx
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whatisgrit答案
whatisgrit答案
PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtonblanks.YouarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassageReadthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter:
PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Whenmysoncompletesatask,Ican’thelpbutpraisehim.It’sonlynaturaltogivepraisewherepraiseisdue,right?
Butistheresuchathingastoomuchpraise?
AccordingtopsychologistKatherinePhillip,childrendon’tbenefitfrom26praiseasmuchaswe’dliketothink.“Parentsoftenpraise,believingtheyarebuildingtheirchild’sself-confidence.However,over-praisingcanhavea27effect,”saysPhillip.“Whenweusethesamepraise28,itmaybecomeemptyandnolongervaluedbythechild.Itcanalsobecomeanexpectationthatanythingtheydomustbe29withpraise.Thismayleadtothechildavoidingtakingrisksduetofearof30theirparents.”
Docsthismeanweshoulddoawaywithallthepraise?
Phillipsaysno,“Thekeytohealthypraiseis1ofocusontheprocessratherthanthe31itistherecognitionofachild’sattempt,ortheprocessinwhichtheyachievedsomething,thatisessential,”shesays,“Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildtotaketherisksneededtolearnandgrow.”
Sohowdowebreakthe32ofpraisewe’reallsoaccustomedto?
Phillipsaysit’simportantto33between“personpraise”and“processraise”.“Personpraiseis34sayinghowgreatsomeoneis.It’saformpersonalapproval.Processpraisesacknowledgementoftheeffortstepersonhasjust35.Childrenwhoreceivepersonpraisearemorelikelytofeelshameafterlosing,”saysPhillip.
A)chooseB)constantC)disappointingD)distinguish
E)exhaustingF)experiencedG)negativeH)outcome
I)patternJ)pluralK)repeatedlyL)rewarded
M)separatelyN)simplyO)undertaken
答案:
26.B27.G28.K29.L30.C31.H32.I33.D34.N35.O
SectionB
Povertyisastoryaboutus,notthem
[A]Toooftenstillwethinkweknowthepovertylookslike.It'sthewaywe'vebeentaught,theimageswe’vebeenforced-feddecades.Thechronicallyhomeless.Theundocumentedimmigrant.Theurbanpoor,usuallypersonifiedasawomanofcolor,the"welfarequeen"politiciansstilltoooftenreference.
[B]ButasincomeinequalityrisestorecordlevelsintheUnitedStates,eveninthemidstofarecordeconomicexpansions,.thosefamiliarimagesareoutdated,hurtfulandcounterproductivetofocusingattentiononsolutionsandbuildingladdersofopportunity.
IC]Today'sfacesofinequalityandlackofopportunitylooklikeallofus.It'sAnnaLandre,adisabledGeorgetownUniversitystudentfightingtokeephealthbenefitsthatallow-herthefreedomtoliveherlifelt'sTiffanieStandard,acounselorforyoungwomenofcolorinPhiladelphiawhowanttobetechentrepreneurs—butwhomustworkmultiplejobstostayafloat.It'sKenOutlaw,awelderinruralNorthCarolinawhosedreamofgoingbacktoschoolatalocalcommunitycollegewasdashedbyHurricaneFlorence-justoneoftheextremeweathereventsthathavetippedthebalanceforstrugglingAmericansacrossthenation,
[D]Ifthesearcthecentralcharactersofourstoryaboutpoverty.whatlayersofperceptions,myths,andrealitiesmustweunearthtofindmeaningfulsolutionsandsupport?
Inpursuitofrevealingthiscomplicatedreality,MotheringJustice,ledbywomenofcolor,wentlastyeartothestatecapitalinLansing,Michigan,tolobbyonissuesthataffectworkingmothers.OneoftheMotheringJusticeorganizerswenttotheofficeofastaterepresentativetotalkaboutthelackofaffordablechildcare-thevestiges(痕迹))ofasystemthatexpectedmotherstostayhomewiththeirchildrenwhiletheirhusbandsworked,Alegislativestafferdismissedtheactivist’sconcerns,tellingher“myhusbandtookcareofthat-lstayedhome.”
[E]Thatcomment,saysMotheringJusticedirectorDanielleAtkinson.,"wasmeanttoshame"andreliedonthefamiliartropethatawomanofcolorconcemedaboutincomeinequalityandprogramsthatpromotemobilitymustbydefinitionbeasinglemom,probablywithmultiplekids.,Inthiscase.MotheringJusticeactivisthappenedtobemarried.AndinmostcasesintheAmericaof2019,theimagesthatcometomindwhenwehearthewordspovertyorincomeinequalityfailmiserablyinreflectingacomplicatedreality:
povertytouchesvirtuallyallofus.Thefaceofincomeinequality,forallbutaveryfewofus,istheoneweeachseeinthemirror.
[F]HowmanyofusarepoorintheU.S.?
Itdependsonwhoyouask.AccordingtotheCensusBureau,38millionpeopleintheU.S.arelivingbelowtheofficialpovertythresholds,Takingintoaccounteconomicneedbeyondthatabsolutemeasure,theInstituteforPolicyStudiesfoundthat140millionpeoplcarepoororlow-income.That'salmosthalftheU.Spopulation.
[G]Whateverthemeasure,withinthatmassivegroup,povertyisextremelydiverse.Weknowthatsomepeoplearemoreaffectedthanothers,likechildren,theelderly,peoplewithdisabilities,andpeopleofcolor.
[H]Butthefactthat4in10Americanscan'tcomeupwith$400inanemergencyisacommonlycitedstatisticforgoodreason:
economicinstabilitystretchesacrossrace,gender,andgeography.Itevenreachesintothemiddleclasses,asrealwageshavestagnated(不增长)forallbuttheverywealthyandtemporaryspellsoffinancialinstabilityarenotuncommon.
[I]Negativeimagesremainofwhoislivinginpovertyaswellaswhatisneededtomoveoutofit.ThebigAmericanmythisthatyoucanpullyourselfupbyyourowneffortandchangeabadsituationintoagoodone.Therealityisthatfindingopportunitywithouthelpfromfamilies,friends.schools,,andcommunityisvirtuallyimpossible.Andtheplayingfieldisnothingclosetolevel.
[J]TheFrameWorksinstitute,aresearchgroupthatfocusesonpublicframingofissues,hasstudiedwhatsustainsstereotypesandnarrativesofpovertyintheUnitedKingdom."Peoplevieweconomicsuccessandwellbeinginlifeasproductofchoice,willpower,drive,grit,andgumption,"saysNatKendall-Taylor,CEOofFrameWorks.“Whenweseepeoplewhoarestruggling.”hesays,thoseassumptions“leadustotheperceptionthatpeopleinpovertyarelazy.theydon’tcare,andtheyhaven'tmadetherightdecisions.”
[K]Doesthissoundfamiliar?
Similarideassurroundpovertyinthe U.S.Andthese assumptionswreakhavoconreality."Whenpeopleenterintothatpatternofthinking,"saysKendall-Taylor,"it'scognitivelycomfortabletomakesenseofissues ofpovertyinthatway.Itcreatesakindofcognitiveblindness-allofthefactorsexternaltoaperson'sdriveandchoices thatthey'vemadebecomeinvisibleandfadefromview.”
Those externalfactorsinclude thedifficultiesaccompanyinglow-wage workotstruetualdiscriminationbasedonrace,gender,orability.Assumptionsgetworsewhenpeoplewhoarepoorusegovernmentbenefitstohelpthemsurvive.Thereis agreattensionbetween"thepoor"andthose whoarereceivingwhathasbecomeadirtyword:
"welfare."
AccordingtotheGeneralSocialSurvey,7lpercentofrespondentsbelievethecontry isspendingtoolittle ona"welfare":
37percentbelievewearespendingtoomuch,
[N]"Povertyhasbeeninterchangeablewithpeopleofcolor-specificallyblackwomenandblackmothers,"saysAtkinson ofMotheringJustice.It'strue thatblackmothersaremoreaffectedbypovertythanmanyothergroups,yettheyare disproportionatelythefaceofpoverty.Forexample,Americansroutinelyoverestimatetheshareofblackrecipientsof publicassistanceprograms.
[O]Inreality,mostpeople willexperiencesome formoffinancialhardshipatsomepointintheirlives.Indeed,peopletend todipinandoutofpoverty,perhapsduetounexpectedobstacleslikelosingajob,orwhenhoursofalow-wagejob fluctuate.
[P]Somethingeachofuscandoistotreateachotherwiththe dignityandsympathythatisdeservedandtounderstand deeplythattheissue ofpovertytouchesallofus.
答案:
36.[E]Thatcomment,saysMotheringJusticedirectorDanielleAtkinson,"wasmeanttoshame"
37.[H]Butthefactthat4in10Americanscan'tcomeupwith$400inanemergencyisacommonlycitedstatisticforgoodreason:
economicinstabilitystretchesacrossrace,gender,andgeography.
38.[M]AccordingtotheGeneralSocialSurvey,71percentof
respondentsbelievethecountryisspendingtoolittleon"assistancetothepoor."
39.[J]TheFrameWorksInstitute,aresearchgroupthatfocusesonpublicframingofissues,hasstudiedwhatsustainsstereotypesandnarrativesofpovertyintheUnitedKingdom
40.[D]lfthesearethecentralcharactersofourstoryaboutpoverty,whatlayersofperceptions,myths,andrealitiesmustweunearthtofindmeaningfulsolutionsandsupport?
41.[F]HowmanyofusarepoorintheU.S.?
42.[N]“Povertyhasbeeninterchangeablewithpeopleofcolor-specificallyblackwomenand”blackmothers,"saysAtkinsonofMotheringJustice.
43.[1]Negativeimagesremainofwhoislivinginpovertyaswellaswhatisneededtomoveoutofit.
44.[E]Thatcomment,saysMotheringJusticedirectorDan-ielleAtkinson,"wasmeanttoshame"
45.[L]Thoseexternalfactorsincludethedifficultiesaccompanyinglow-wageworkorstructuraldiscriminationbasedonrace,gender,orability.
SectionC
Passage One
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Boredomhas,paradoxically,becomequiteinterestingtoacademicslately.InearlyMay.London'sBoringConference celebrated seven years of delighting indullness.At this event.peopleflockedtotalksaboutweather
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