野性的呼唤毕业论文.docx
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野性的呼唤毕业论文.docx
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野性的呼唤毕业论文
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郑州大学升达经贸管理学院外语系2012届本科毕业论文
AnAnalysisofBuckin“TheCalloftheWild”
《野性的呼唤》中对巴克的分析
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AnAnalysisofBuckin“TheCalloftheWild”
《野性的呼唤》中对巴克的分析
PanpanZhang
ForeignLanguagesDepartment
ShengdaUniversity
April22,2012
郑重声明
本人的学位论文是在导师指导下独立撰写完成的,学位论文没有剽窃,抄袭等违法学术道德、学术规范的侵权行为,否则本人愿意承担由此产生的一切法律责任和法律后果,特此郑重声明。
学位论文作者:
年月日
Acknowledgement
Inordertocompletethisthesis,Igetalotofhelpfrommyteachers.Firstofall,Iwouldliketoextendmyheartfeltthankstomyacademicsupervisor,professorXueXiaoxia.Hervaluablesuggestionshelpmefinishmythesissuccessfully.Ibenefitfromherknowledgeandunderstandingoflanguageandliterature.Meanwhile,Iamindebtedtoherwarm-heartedsupportandencouragementfromthebottomofmyheart.Hervaluablecommentsmademegrasptheissuesinvolvedinmythesisandhelpedmesteermyworkintherightdirection.
Ialsoexpressmymanythankstotheteacherswhohaveinstructedmeduringmygraduatestudy.TheyareLecturerZhangLijuan,ZhangHuasong,FuYaohui,WangJin,ZhangYanboandotherteachers.Luckily,Ihavehadtheopportunitytostudyundertheirsupervision.Theeruditionoftheteachersgreatlyattractsmeandhasmademelearnalotofknowledgeinliterature.Mysupervisortaughtmealotinthefieldsoflinguistics,translation,andpedagogy.Iamgratefultotherespectableprofessorswhowillkindlychoosetoreviewmythesis
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Abstract
JackLondonisoneoftheoutstandingwritersin20thcentury.HeisrenownedbothinmodernAmericanliteratureandeventheworldliterature.“TheCalloftheWild”isoneofthemasterpiecesofthegreatAmericanwriterJackLondon,andithasalwaysbeenmyfavoritenovel.“TheCalloftheWild”isoneofthemostfamousworkswhichisaboutadogandawolfinworldliterature.Ittellsusastorythatadog(Buck)wasdotedonhumanthensoldtotradersasashepherddog.Andthenhebecomesaleadingdog.Finallyheisassimilatedtobeawolfinthecallofthewolves.OneofthecharacteristicsofLondon’snovelsliesintheirthemes,especiallyfocusingonthefightbetweenthehumanandthenatureandhisexpressionofhisrespectforhuman’sstrongwillinthesefights.DuringthemodelingoftheBuckimage,thewriterputtheBuck’shumannatureintowildnature.Whileitswildnatureisembodiedinthehumannature,andthehumannatureandthewildnaturewerebothexistedinBuck.Eventually,thewildnatureovercamethehumannature,andBuckmetamorphosedfromadogintoawolf.Thewriterrevealedtheessenceoftheintriguingagainsteachotherandcruelscramblinginhumanbeingsinthatrealsocietybymet-aphorizingtheruinofthewildworld“humannature”andrecrudescenceofthe“wildnature”.Thisessaydiscussestheauthor’sviewpointsandphilosophyofhislifebyanalyzingBuck’scharacterchanging.Inthisessay,itwillmainlyanalyzethecomplicatecharactersofBuckandshowwhythenovelhasalwaysbeenpopular.
Keywords:
Buck;JackLondon;wolf-changing;survivalofthefittest;humannature;wildnature
摘要
杰克·伦敦是20世纪初美国极富盛名的作家,在现在美国文坛和世界文坛都享有崇高地位。
《野性的呼唤》是杰出的美国作家杰克•伦敦的代表作,也是我最喜欢的小说。
他的《野性的呼唤》讲述了一只名叫巴克的狗经历了被人宠爱,被人贩卖作为一只拉雪橇犬至成为一只领头狗,最后在狼群的叫声中逐渐被同化为一只狼的过程。
伦敦的小说特点之一体现在主旨中,重点表现在人与自然的战争和对人的坚强意志尊重的表现。
作者在巴克形象的塑造中,将巴克的人性寓于兽性中,其兽性中又体现着人性,人性和兽性在巴克身上争斗,最终兽性占据了统治地位,巴克蜕变成一只狼。
作者通过喻写动物世界中的“人性”的沦丧和“野性”的复发,来揭示当时人类社会人与人之间勾心斗角于残酷争夺的本质。
本文将通过巴克形象转变的塑造来反映作者对现实“文明社会”的看法以及自己的人生哲学。
本文主要对巴克的多重性格加以分析,从而展示了主人公艺术形象的永久魅力。
关键词:
巴克;杰克·伦敦;狼变;适者生存;人性;野性
Contents
ChapterOneIntroductionoftheCalloftheWild
1.1IntroductionofJackLondon
JackLondonwasborninSanFranciscoin1876,thechildofaspiritualist,andrearedinpovertyacrossthebayinOakland,California,hadbecomethehighest-paid,mostwidelyread,andbest-knownwriterinAmericabythetimehewasthequintessentialAmericaadventurer,awesternerlivinginacountrythatculturallythrivedonandwasidentifiedwithexpirationofunknownterritory.Helivedanadventurouslifeandthenusedeventsfromhisownlifeasfodderforhisprofessionasawriter.
ThepublicationthatfirstbroughtJackLondonworldwidefameandcontinuestobehisbest-knownworkisashortnovelwhosemaincharacterisaYukonsleddognamedBuck.Thatwork,beguninDecember1902andpublishedin1903,wasentitled“TheCalloftheWild”.Ithasbeencalledanadventurestory,aromance,arealisticnaturestory,adogstory,ahistoricalorculturaltreatise,andanallegoryormyth.Itholdsspecialappealforthosewhoknowthewildness.Italsoappealstothosewhoyearnforaspecialkindoffreedomthatcanonlybefoundoutsideofsociety’sconstraints.TheadventureinitsreadersrespondstothenovelwhethertheunknownlandtheywouldexploreisanicywildnessneartheArcticCircleorsomecompellingpsychologicalandmythicfrontierwithinhumanbeingsthemselves.
1.2BackgroundoftheCalloftheWild
TheCalloftheWildisanovellabyAmericanauthorJackLondonpublishedin1903.ThestorytakesplaceintheextremeconditionsoftheYukonduringthe19th-centuryKlondikeGoldRushwherestrongsleddogswereinhighdemand.AfterBuck,adomesticateddog,issnatchedfromapastoralranchinCalifornia,heissoldintoabrutallifeasasleddog.ThenovelladetailsBuck'sstruggletoadjustandsurvivethecrueltreatmenthereceivesfromhumans,otherdogs,andnature.Heeventuallyshedstheveneerofcivilizationaltogetherandinsteadreliesonprimordialinstinctsandthelessonshehaslearnedtobecomearespectedandfearedleaderinthewild.
TheCalloftheWildisLondon'smostpopularworkandisconsideredthemasterpieceofhisso-called"earlyperiod."Thenovellaisoftenclassifiedaschildren'sliteraturebecauseofitsanimalprotagonist,butthematurityofitssubjectmattermakesitvaluableforolderaudiencesaswell.Majorthemesincludesurvivalofthefittest,civilizationversusnature,andfateversusfreewill.
TheYeehat,agroupofAlaskaNativesportrayedinTheCalloftheWild,wereafigmentofLondon'simagination.Buck,themaincharacterinthebook,isbasedonaSaintBernard/ScotsShepherdsleddogwhichbelongedtoMarshallLathamBondandhisbrotherLouisWhitfordBond,thesonsofJudgeHiramBond,whowasalsoamininginvestor,fruitpackerandbankerinSantaClara,California.TheBondswereJackLondon'slandlordsinDawsonCityduringtheautumnof1897andspringof1898;themainyearoftheKlondikeGoldRush.
ChapterTwoTheSummaryof“TheCalloftheWild”
JackLondonbegan“TheCalloftheWild”withacalmsettingbutdescribeditwiththewordsthatmadethereaderimaginetheywerethere.Hepaintedasceneforeverysituationsowellthatasifamoviewereplaying.ThisisastoryaboutadognamesBuck.ThroughoutthenovelwefollowBuckthroughhisjourneythroughtheKlondike.Inreality,thejourneywasadangerousandexpensiveundertaking.WhenwefirstmetupwithBuck,helivedintheSantaClaraValley,onJudgeMiller’sproperty.Hewastherulerofhisdomain,uncontestedbyanyotherlocaldogs.HewasamixbetweenaSt.BernardandScotchShepherddog.Heweighedonehundredandfortypounds,andhecarriedeveryonewithutmostpride.Butonenight,whilethejudgewasawayataraisingrower’scommitteemeeting,thegardener,Manuel,tookBuckawayhishome.Buckwasthensold,andthrowninabaggagecar.Thiswouldbethebeginningofanew,cruellifeforBuck.NomatterhowmanytimesBucktriedtolunge,hewouldjustbechokedintosubmissionattheend.WhenBuckarrivedathisdestination,therewassnoweverywhere,nottomentionthemassesofHuskyandwolfdogs.Buckwasthrownintoapenwithamanwhohadaclub.Thelawofclubisquitesimple,iftherewasamanwithaclub,adogworldbebetteroffnottochallengethatman.Bucklearnedthislawafterhewasbeatenhalftodeathbythemanwhohadtheclub.
Buckwassoldofftoamanwhoputhiminaharnessconnectedtomanyotherdogs.Buckwasbadatfirst,buteventually,helearnedthewayoftraceandtrail.Buckhadtolearntosleepunderthesnow,andtoeathisfoodasfastaspossiblesoasnottohaveitstolen.Atabouthispointinthebook,weseeBuckstarttogothroughametamorphosisofsorts.Hetransformsfromahousedogtoamoreprimitive,savageversionofhisformerself.Buckproceededtoloseallthefatinhisbodyandreplaceitwithmuscle.MostSouthlanddogslikehimendedupdeadbecauseoftheirinabilitytoconform.ButonedogwhosenamewasSpitzwasawhitewolfdogthatwasaprovenchampioninconfrontationandwasascraftyastheycamehere.AndthereisalawofFang:
whentwodogsfightandoneisknockedtotheground.Therestofthespectatorswillinstantlypounceonthedowneddogandmakequickworkofit.
AlloftheseunspokenruleshadturnedBuckintotheBestdogtoeverroamtheKlondike.BuckdideventuallyfightSpitzandsendhimtohisdeath.Hewasbeingstarvedtodeathbyagoldseekinggroupwhohadnotbroughtenoughfoodforthedogs.WhenBuckcouldfinallynotmoveanotherstep,amanfromthegroupstartedtobeatBuck.Astheblowsgrewlessandlesspainful,andhewasfadingfartherandfarther,Buckknewhewasdying.WhileBuckwasbeingbeaten,amannamedJohnThorntoncameforthandtookBuckfromhisattacker.ThemannursedBuckbacktohealth,andfromthatdayforward,Bucklivedforthatman.Bucklovedhimwithallhisbeing.
Afterbeingwiththismanforsometime,Buckstartedtohearacallfromfaraway.Hestartedpayingmoreandmoreattentiontothiscall.Hewentoutfordaysatatimesearchingforitssource
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