江西师范大学全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题.docx
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江西师范大学全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题.docx
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江西师范大学全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题
I.Vocabulary(20x1points)
Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkeda,b,c,andd.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
1.Thetroops____thecity,killingandinjuringhundreds.
A.advertedB.bombardedC.sprintedD.interlocked
2."Seniorcitizen"isa(n)____for“oldperson”.
A.mythologyB.onsetC.euphemismD.pal
3.We’reatacritical____intermsofhisdomesticprogram.
A.jigB.martinC.martiniD.juncture
4.Ifhewinsthisrace,itwill____forhisrecentstringofdefeats.
A.ameliorateB.atoneC.asperseD.ascertain
5.Ifyou____,yousuddenlyshoutsomething,forexamplebecauseyouareverysurprised.
A.betokenB.chideC.assayD.ejaculate
6.Shetrimmedthe____ofthetulipsbeforeputtingtheminavase.
A.sprigB.spruceC.stakesD.stalks
7.Usingtanksandheavy____theyseizedthetown.
A.artilleryB.artificeC.arteryD.artisan
8.Sheknewthathereffortsto____cheerfulnessweren'tconvincing.
A.fermentB.fendC.festerD.feint
9.Hegavemean____eitherMaryhavetoleave,orme.
A.ulcerB.ultimatumC.underdogD.underworld
10.Mybikehashadtwo____inthelast3weeks.
A.pureesB.puncturesC.pumasD.pundits
11.Heleftwhatlittlefurnitureheownedtohislandlordin____ofrent.
A.lilacB.lesionC.lieuD.levity
12.Hewenttostrikeherfacebutshe____hishandwithherarm.
A.adulatedB.parriedC.harriedD.griped
13.Theladder____dangerouslyandInearlyfelloff.
A.controvertedB.teeteredC.decipheredD.derogated
14.Mostpoliticalprisonerswerefreedunderthetermsofthe____.
A.curatorB.dioceseC.amnestyD.inquest
15.Industrialwasteis____theenvironment.
A.deflectedB.deployedC.detractedD.despoiling
16.Inthesuburbsthespacioushousesstandin____contrasttotheslumsofthecity'spoor.
A.foolhardyB.furtiveC.insidiousD.stark
17.Ifthedambreaksitwill____largepartsofthetown.
A.inundateB.bootlegC.circumventD.gird
18.Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtletythatitalmostreadlikea____ofherearlierwork.
A.urnB.satinC.consortiumD.parody
19.Itisa____ofcontemporarypsychologythatanindividual'smentalhealthissupportedbyhavinggoodsocialnetworks.
A.tenorB.tenetC.tensileD.tentacle
20.Thecompany'ssales____from$11millionto$160million.
A.zoomedB.doomedC.bustledD.butted
II.Cloze(20x1points)
Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst21,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis22tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankindsfuture23andculturalgrowthincreased.
Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis24forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They25thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus26aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower27.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour28forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,29afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical30timesforlanguagedevelopment.
Current31ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.32,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin33grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing34tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe35oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.
36someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen37fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat38withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage39thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.40,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
21.A.generatedB.evolvedC.bomD.originated
22.A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite
23.A.attainmentsB.feasibilityC.entertainmentsD.evolution
24.A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible
25.A.confirmB.informC.claimD.convince
26.A.forB.fromC.ofD.with
27.A.organizationsB.organismsC.humansD.children
28.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passion
29.A.asB.justasC.likeD.unlike
30.A.ideologicalB.biologicalC.socialD.psychological
31.A.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.recommendation
32.A.InawordB.InasenseC.IndeedD.Inotherwords
33.A.variousB.differentC.thehigherD.thelower
34.A.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involved
35.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions
36.A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When
37.A.distinguishedB.differentC.protectedD.isolated
38.A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interaction
39.A.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.alternative
40.A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.InotherwordsD.Aboveall
III.ReadingComprehension(20x2points)
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachofthemthere4choicesmarkeda,b,c,andd.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Ifyou,likeme,distrustschoolcafeterias,youpackhomemadelunchesforyourchildren,asIdiduntilmysonsfinishedhighschool.Butintherushtogetyoungstersup,dressed,fedandofftoschoolontime,thesafetyofthatpackedluncheasilycanbeoverlooked.
Whiletherearenostatisticsonhowoftenschoolchildrenaresickenedbythelunchestheybringfromhome,it'sfarbettertobesafethansorry,saidNancyDonley,thepresidentofSTOPFOODBORNEILLNESS,anadvocacyorganization.Ms.Donley,wholivesinChicago,knowstherisksalltoowell.In1993shelostheronlychild,6-year-oldAlex,tooneofthenastiestfoodcontaminants,innocentlyconsumedinstore-boughtgroundmeat.Ratherthanretreatintoafetalposition,shechanneledhergriefandangerintohelpingothersavoidasimilartragedy.
AccordingtothelatestdatafromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,oneinsixAmericanswillbefelledbyfoodpoisoningthisyear,with128,000hospitalizedand3,000peopledyingasaresult.Thirty-oneorganismsareknowncausesof9.4millionoftheseillnesses,but38.4millionpeoplewillbesickenedbyunknownpathogens.Ourextraordinarilycomplexfoodsupply,withcommoditiescominginyearroundfromallovertheworld,hasseriouslychallengedgovernmenteffortstokeepconsumerssafe.
“Overtheyears,we’vemadeprogressinsomeareasbutgonebackwardinothers,’’Ms.Donleysaidinaninterview.“Withsomanydeathsandillnesseseachyearfromcontaminatedfoods,there’sstillalongwaytogo.”
Whileorganizationslikeherspressforstricterinspectionstandardsfromthegovernmentandtightercontrolsfromthefoodindustry,Ms.Donleybelievesthatconsumersalsomustprotectthemselvesasbesttheycan.
“It’simportantforthepublictounderstandtherearerisksinfood,andit’suptothemtotrytomitigatethoserisks,”shesaid.Andsincechildrenareamongthemostvulnerabletosevereconsequencesoffoodpoisoning,itmakessensetostartwiththelunchestheytaketoschool.
Astandardruleoffoodsafetyistokeepcoldfoodscoldandhotfoodshotuntilitistimetoeatthem.Temperaturesbetween40degreesand140degrees,notuncommoninpackedlunchesthatsitinwarmclassroomsforhours,areidealconditionsforbacterialgrowth.Insulatedlunchboxescanhelpkeepfoodsafer.Thebestbox(hard-sidedorsoft)hasaninsulatedliningandapocketinwhichtoplaceathinfreezerpacktohelpkeepthecontentscolduntiltheyareconsumed.
Whattoputinthoseboxes?
Foodslikepeanutbutterandslicedcheesecantolerateroomtemperatureswithoutspoiling,especiallyifinsulationislacking.Alsoconsiderpantry-safefoodspackedineasy-to-opencontainers,liketunathatcanbeeatenoutofaflip-topcan,withorwithoutbread.
Boxedmilkorjuicesoldunrefrigeratedisalsoasafebet.Andyoucanfreezethese(aswellasawaterbottle)aheadoftimeandusethemascoldpacks;astheydefrost,they’llkeeptherestofthelunchchilled.Anumberofsandwiches—forexample,thosemadewithlunchmeats,tunaoreggsalad—canbemadethenightbeforeandfrozenaswell;they’lldefrostbylunchtime.Ifyourchildlikeslettuceandtomato,packthemseparatelytobeputonthesandwichbeforeeating.Ifyouincludecut-upvegetables,besuretheyarewashedfirstandpackedinacleancontainer.Driedfruitsandwholefruitslikeapples,bananas,orangesandgrapescanroundoutthemealandcanbekeptsafelyatroomtemperature.Butallfreshfruits,eventhosethatwillbepeeled,mustbewashedbeforetheyareputinthelunchbox.
Beforepreparingfood,washyourhandswithwarmwaterandsoapfor20seconds.Counter-topsandcuttingboardsshouldbewashedaswell;theycanbesanitized.Forthesakeofconvenience,Iuseaspray-onbleachproducttocleanmycountertopsandsink,andIwasheverythingthatcomesintocontactwithrawanimalproductsimmediatelyafteruse.Ofcourse,anysurface,utensilorhandthatco
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