A Silent Way of Speaking The Use of Body Language.docx
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A Silent Way of Speaking The Use of Body Language.docx
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ASilentWayofSpeakingTheUseofBodyLanguage
ASilentWayofSpeaking—TheUseofBodyLanguage
Abstract:
Thelanguageregardsthesocialintercourseasthetool.Itisnotonlytheculturalcarrier,butalsotheculturalconstitution.“Bodylanguage”,asanimportantpartofthenonverbalcommunication,isalsoapartofourculture.Notallbodylanguagemeansthesamethingindifferentcultures.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofmakingnonverbalcommunication.Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,“bodylanguage”willbecomemoreandmoreimportantinourdailylifeandwork.
Thisarticlefirstlymadetheintroductionfromtheculturalangeltothebodylanguageindifferentculturalcontextmeaning.AndthenitdiscussedthedifferencebetweentheEastandWestinthespace,eyecontact,physicalcontact,gesturesandsoon.FinallyitemphasizedtheimportanceofthebodylanguageinEnglishteaching.Withthecontinualreformoflanguageteachingandlearningmethods,teachersareingreatdemandtoorganizetheEnglishteachingandcreateEnglish-learningcircumstanceswiththehelpofthefacialexpressionsandbodymovement.Fromthispaper,wecanalsoseethatthepossibilityandtheefficiencyofusingbodylanguageinlisting,speaking,readingandwriting.
Keywords:
nonverbalcommunication,bodylanguage,culture,ways,Englishteaching
摘要:
语言作为社会交际工具,既是文化的载体,又是文化的组成部分,那么作为非语言系统中最重要组成部分的“身势语”也是文化的一部分。
在不同的文化中,“身势语”的意义并不完全相同。
随着经济的发展,“身势语”在我们的日常生活和工作中先的日益重要。
本文首先从文化角度对“身势语”在不同的文化背景中的含义作了介绍,探讨了东西方人在空间距离、目光接触、身体接触、手势动作等方面的文化差异。
最后着重强调了“身势语”在英语教学方面的重要性。
随着语言教学和学习方法的不断变革,教师迫切需要使用一些面部表情和肢体动作做辅助。
从本文我们可以了解到“身势语”的使用在听、说、读、写方面的必要性和实效性.
关键词:
非语言交际;身势语;文化;方式;英语教育
Contents
Abstract………………………………………………………………………i
摘要…………………………………………………………………………ii
Contents……………………………………………………………………iii
Introduction…………………………………………………………………1
1.Thenecessityandimportanceofbodylanguage………………………1
1.1Thenecessityandimportanceoflearningbodylanguageonnonverbalcommunication………………………………………………………………1
1.2ThenecessityandimportanceofusingbodylanguageinEnglishteaching………………………………………………………………………2
2.Thetypesofbodylanguage………………………………………………3
2.1Space…………………………………………………………………3
2.2Physicalcontact………………………………………………………4
2.3Eyecontact……………………………………………………………6
2.4Gesture………………………………………………………………7
3.ApplicationofthebodylanguageinEnglishteaching………………9
3.1Bodylanguagehelpstoimprovelistening……………………………9
3.2Bodylanguagehelpstoimprovespeaking…………………………10
3.3Bodylanguagehelpstoimprovereading……………………………11
3.4Bodylanguagehelpstoimprovewriting……………………………12
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………13
Bibliography………………………………………………………………14
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………15
Introduction
Nonverbalcommunication,composedofpictures,dresses,eyecontact,specialsignals,gesturesandsoon,isasimportantasverbalcommunication.Bodylanguageisanimportantmediumthroughwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.Itreferstothepatternsoffacialexpressionandgesturesthatpeopleusetoexpresstheirfeelingsincommunication.Thespecialistonbodylanguageresearch,Fen.Lafle.Angles,oncesaid:
“[1]onceitwaslost,ababycouldnothavegrownintoanormalperson”.It’salsotruetothejuveniles.Peoplecommunicateinmanydifferentways.Wehavebeensosuccessfulinusing,describingandanalyzingthisspecialkindofcommunicationthatweactasiflanguageweretheonlykindofcommunicationthatcanoccurbetweenpeople.
1.Thenecessityandimportanceofbodylanguage
1.1Thenecessityandimportanceoflearningbodylanguageonnonverbalcommunication
Althoughwemaynotrealizeit,whentalkingwithotherswecommunicatebymuchmorethanwords.Byourexpressions,gesturesandotherbodymovementswesendmessagestopeoplearoundus.Asmileandanoutstretchedhandshowwelcome.Noddingone’sheadmeansagreement—“Yes”,wavinganoutstretchedhandwithopenpalmisthegesturefor“goodbye”.Backinone’sseatandginningatatalkorlectureshowslackofinterest,boredom.Thesegestureshavecometobeacceptedingeneralashavingthemeaningmentioned,atleasttoChineseandAmerican.Theyarepartofthewaysinwhichwecommunicate.This“Bodylanguage”,likeourverballanguage,isalsoapartofourculture.
Butnotallbodylanguagemeansthesamethingindifferentcultures.ToNepalose,SriLankans,someIndiansandsomeEskimos,“Yes”doesn’tmean“yesteachingmethods”,but“no”.Soinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinaforeignlanguage,oneshouldalsoknowthegestures,bodymovements,etc,thataccompanyaparticularlanguage.[8]
1.2ThenecessityandimportanceofusingbodylanguageinEnglishteaching
Englishteachingisakeypartoftheschooleducation.ThecommunicatedEnglishmeansthatteachersinstructthestudentsandexplainquestionsbasicallyinEnglish,andthestudentsarealsorequiredtouseEnglishinclasscontemporarily.However,thestudentsinthemiddleschoolcan’tspeakverywell;neithercantheyunderstandwhytheyshouldusedifferenttonesindifferentsituation.Theirvocabularyandexpressiveabilityarelimitedtoo.TheselimitationsmadeitdifficulttorealizethecommunicatedEnglishintheclasses.
Accordingtothestudents’spresentlevelandpracticalsituation,bodylanguageisrequired.Forexample,itiseasytounderstandforthestudentsiftheteacherlooksatsometwostudents,whengivinganinstructionandsays:
you,two,pleasecometogether.”Thentheteacherpointstothebackboard.Thestudentswillcarryouttheorderwithoutobstacleeveniftheydon’thearthekeywords”blackboard”clearly.
Fromtheabovewecanlearn,theuseofbodylanguageinEnglishteachingisnecessaryandpractical.IntheEnglishinmiddleschools,bodylanguageisfrequentlyusedtoimprovetheteachingeffectandthestudents’ability.
2.Thetypesofbodylanguage
2.1Space
IfwewatchanArabandanEnglishmaninconversation,wewillnoticetheArab,showingfriendlinesstohispeople,willstandclosetotheEnglishman.Thelatterwillmoveback,wantingtokeepacertaindistanceconsideredproperbytheEnglishman.TheArabwillthenmovecloser,theEnglishmanwillkeepmovingbackward.Bytheendoftheconversation,thetwomaybequiteadistancefromtheplacewheretheywereoriginallystanding!
Here,distancebetweenthetwoisthekeyfactor.Accordingtostudies,itseemstherearefourmaindistancesinAmericansocialandbusinessrelations:
intimate,personal,social,andpublic.Intimatedistancerangesfromdirectphysicalcontacttoadistanceofabout45centimeters,whichisforpeople’smostprivaterelationsandactivity,betweenmanandwife,forexample.Personaldistanceisabout45-80centimetersandismostcommonbetweenfriends,acquaintances,andrelatives.Socialdistancemaybeanywherefromabout1.30metersto3meters.Peoplewhoworktogether,orpeopledoingbusiness,aswellasmostofthoseinconversationatsocialgatheringstendtokeepadistanceofabout1.30-2meters.Publicdistanceisfurtherthananyoftheaboveandisgenerallyforspeakersinpublicandforteachersinclassrooms.
TheimportantthingtokeepinmindisthatmostEnglish-speakingpeopledonotlikepeopletobeclose.Beingtoofarapart,ofcourse,maybeawkward,butbeingtooclosemakespeopleuncomfortable,unlessthereisareason,suchasshowingaffectionorencouragingintimacy.Butthatisanothermatter.
InaFrenchcompany,likeinaJapaneseoffice,officialssharespaceinalarge,openarea.Thebosssitsinthecenteroftheroom,unlesshehasaprivateoffice,butthatwillbeinthecenteralso,withtherestofthestaffmembersradiatingoutandthenewestemployeesittingattheperiphery.
2.2Physicalcontact
WhenDorothyreceivesaweddinginvitationtoattendherJapanese’swedding,sheisthrilled.ShehasalwaysadmiredtheYamashitafamily.SheisveryfondofLance.Theabout-to–be–marriedson,andfeelsextremelyclosetoGrace,hismother.Dorothyfeelshonoredtobeincludedinthefamilyfestivities.
Afterthebeautifulchurchceremony,Dorothystandsinthelinetogreetthebridalparty.However,whenDorothy,averyaffectionateperson,stepsforwardtoembracethemotherofthegram,Gracestepsbackward.Dorothyfeelsrejected.
Evenonsuchajoyousoccasionasawedding,Japanesecustomsaboutphysicalcontactinpublicarenotrelaxed,evenwhentalkingbetweenthesamesexes.Truly,moreformalityisdemonstratedinsuchsituations.Considertheextremereservedisplayedatthe1993royalweddingofGrownPrinceNaruhitotoMissiakosOwada.Thephysicalactsoftheroyalcoupleconsistedonlyofsippingsacredsakeandmakingbows—notouching,nohugging,nokissingbetweenthecouple,certainlynobytheweddingguests.Insituationlikethese,itisbesttoobservethemannerinwhichotherweddingguestscongratulatefamilymembersandthenfollowtheirexample.
Theappropriatenessofphysicalcontactvarieswithdifferentcultures.Figuresfromastudyofferinterestinginsightintothismatter.Pairsofindividualssittingandchattingincollegeshopsindifferentplaceswereobservedforonehoureach.Thenumberoftimethateitheronetouchedtheotherinthathourwasrecorded,asfollows:
London,0;Gainesville,Florida,2;Paris,10;SanJuan,Puerto,180.Thesefiguresspeakforthemselves(Robinett,1978)
InEnglish-speakingcountries,physicalcontactisgenerallyavoidedinconversationamongordinaryfriendsoracquaintances.Merelytouchingsomeonemaycauseanunpleasantreaction.Ifonetouchesanotherpersonaccidentally,sheusuallyuttersanapologysuchassorry,oh,I’msorry,excuseme.
Inchina,acommoncomplaintfromwesternmothersisthatChineseofte
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