话题二 人与自然 第1节.docx
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话题二 人与自然 第1节.docx
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话题二人与自然第1节
第一节 原汁原创
Test1
AnimalsinAntarctica
南极洲是地球上唯一一个至今没有人居住的大陆,这是世界上最寒冷、风最大的地方。
尽管如此,有一些顽强的动物们却选择了这片荒凉的大陆世代生存。
TherearenolandanimalsthatactuallyliveinAntarctica!
However,thesurroundingoceansarerichinlivingcreatures!
It’sjusttoocoldtosupportverymanylifeforms!
Nowlet’smeetsomeoftheAntarctica’sanimals.
WeddellSeal
Theyarethesouthernmostpinnipedintheworld.Malesaregenerallysmallerthanfemales.Interestingly,anewbornpuphasacoatoflonghair,whichtheywillshedwithinthefirstmonthastheprotectivelayeroftheirbodyisdeveloped.
BlueWhale
Namedforitsbluegraycolor,thishugeanimalmaygrowtoberoughly100feetlongandweighmorethan120tons!
Abluewhaleeatsabout4tonsofkrillperdayduringthefeedingseason!
Thismeansthatabout40millionkrillareeateneverydayforsixmonthsbyabluewhale!
ThetongueofthebluewhalecanbeasbigasaVolkswagen!
Thebluewhaleistheloudestanimalonearth!
RockhopperPenguins
Oneofthemorebeautifulpenguins,theRockhoppershaketheirheadsandcausetheiryelloweyebrowstoflyintoa“halo”inordertoattractamate!
WanderingAlbatross
Thisspeciesofalbatrosswanderstheoceansformonthsatatimesearchingforfood.Itsleepsontheoceansurfaceatnightanddrinksseawater.TheWanderingAlbatrossisthelargestbirdintheworldintermsofwingspan—11feet!
RossSeal
RossSealsareveryrarelyseenbecausetheylivedeepwithinthepackice.ItisbelievedthatRossSealsfeedmainlyonsquid,fishandkrill.TheywerenamedaftertheBritishpolarexplorerSirJamesRoss,whofirstdiscoveredthemin1840.
EmperorPenguin
EmperorPenguinsarethebiggestofthe17penguinspecies.Theyareflightlessbirds.TheyaretheonlylivingspeciestoreproduceduringtheharshAntarcticwinter.Withoutanest,thefatherEmperorPenguinkeepstheeggwarmbyholdingitonhisfeetfor2-3monthsuntilspring,duringwhichthefatherdoesn’teatanythingandhejusteatsalittlesnowformoisture.Unbelievable!
WhataDad!
http:
//pgs/polar/antarctica/animals.htm
Notes:
1.WeddellSeal威德尔海豹
2.pinniped[′pInIped]鳍足类的
3.shed[ʃed]v.脱落
4.krill[krIl]n.磷虾
5.Volkswagen大众汽车
6.RockhopperPenguin跳岩企鹅
7.halo[heIləʊ]n.光环
8.WanderingAlbatross漂泊信天翁
9.RossSeal罗斯海豹
HaveaTry:
1.Weknowfromthe5thparagraphthattheWanderingAlbatross.
A.nevertouchestheland
B.drinkfreshwater
C.isagoodswimmerandflyer
D.sleepsonboats
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第五段第二句可知它们晚上睡在大洋水面上,喝海水,排除B、D两项;A项在文中未提及。
所以选项C正确。
2.Accordingtothelastparagraph.
A.thereare18penguinspeciesonearth
B.themotherEmperorpenguinlaysoneeggduringthewinter
C.penguinsarebirdswithnowings
D.Emperorpenguinsspendmostoftheirtimeonlandwheretheyfindfood
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。
根据最后一段中的“TheyaretheonlylivingspeciestoreproduceduringtheharshAntarcticwinter...thefatherEmperorpenguinkeepstheeggwarm...”我们知道:
帝企鹅妈妈是在冬季产下一枚蛋,故选项B正确。
根据第一句我们知道有17种企鹅,所以排除A;企鹅不会飞,但不一定是没有翅膀,只是很小而已,排除C;实际上除了繁殖和换羽时期是在陆地上,帝企鹅的大部分时间是在海洋里觅食,所以排除D。
3.Weknowfromthereadingthat.
A.amaleWeddellSealislargerthanafemale
B.RockhopperPenguinsisthemostbeautifulpenguin
C.abluewhaleeatsabout4tonsofkrilleveryday
D.itishardtoseeaRossSeal
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第二段中的“Malesaregenerallysmallerthanfemales.”排除A;根据第四段可知,跳岩企鹅是很漂亮的,但不是“themostbeautifulpenguin”,排除B;根据第三段可知,蓝鲸每天吃4吨磷虾,是在繁殖季节,并不是全年每天都是,故排除C;根据第六段第一句“RossSealsareveryrarelyseenbecausetheylivedeepwithinthepackice.”可知,选项D正确。
Test2
GalapagosIslands:
ParadiseforAnimals
加拉巴哥群岛(GalapagosIslands)是一群散落在太平洋上的岛屿,意为“巨龟之岛”。
迷人的海岛风光和那些独一无二的物种闻名遐迩。
这是地球上最后一片净土,动物的乐园。
AtriptotheGalapagosIslandswillbethejourneyofyourlifetime.TheIslandsareagroupof12volcanicislandsandnumerousisletsandrocks,offthePacificcoastofEcuador.Theareaoftheislandsis3,086squaremiles,consistingof13majorislands,ofwhich5areinhabited.Theislandsarehilly,risingtoaheightof5,000feet.EventhoughtheGalapagosIslandswereformedabout4to5millionyearsago,volcanoesarestillactive.
Theislandshavebeenknownbymanydifferentnames,includingthe“EnchantedIslands”becauseofthewayinwhichthestrongandswiftcurrentsmakenavigationdifficult.Legendhasitthatthereareseamonsterslivingontheislands.Theycontrolthesea.TheislandsarealsonamedGiantLandTortoisesforthosegianttortoisesthatlivethere.
TheIsland’sinterestingvolcanicgeology,aswellasitsrichplantsandanimalshavebeenadmiredandstudiedbynumeroustravelers,scientists,andnaturelovers.ScientistsarestillfacedwithamysteryhowsuchalargediversityofspeciescoulddevelopinaremotelocationliketheGalapagosIslands.
Galapagoshasbeencalled“alivingmuseumandshowcaseofevolution”.TheIslandsarefamousfortheiruniquespecies,whicharenotfoundelsewhere.Bestknownarethehugetortoiseandsomespeciesoflizards.TheanimalsontheislandsinfluencedBritishnaturescientistCharlesDarwin’sideasaboutevolution.Hevisitedtheislandsin1830.ItwasherethathemadethemajorpartofhisobservationthatledtohistheoriesonevolutionandTheOriginofSpecies.Manyscientistshavesincecarriedoutresearchontheislands.
TheGalapagosIslandsareidealforadventureactivities,whetheryourfavoriteadventuresaresnorkeling,kayaking,hikingorothers,theGalapagoshasactivitiesforeveryone.
http:
//www.wayfaring.info/2006/10/25/journeyofalifetimeatgalapagosislands/
http:
//www.ecuador.us/galapagosmap.htm
Notes:
1.Ecuador厄瓜多尔
2.EnchantedIslands魔法岛
3.current[′kʌrənt]n.水流;潮流
4.navigation[nævI′ɡeIʃən]n.航行
5.TheOriginofSpecies《物种起源》
6.snorkeling[′snɔːkəlIŋ]n.浮潜;潜水;浅滩潜水
7.kayaking[′kaIækIŋ]n.皮艇运动
HaveaTry:
1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat.
A.theGalapagosIslandsarevolcanicislands
B.theGalapagosIslandsaresituatedontheeastofEcuador
C.theGalapagosIslandsaredesertedislands
D.volcanoesontheseislandsaredeadones
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“TheIslandsareagroupof12volcanicislandsandnumerousisletsandrocks...”可知:
加拉巴哥群岛是由大大小小的火山岛、无数的岩礁组成的群岛。
正确选项为A。
2.Accordingtothe2ndparagraph,theislandsarenamed“EnchantedIslands”forthe.
A.uniquelandscapes
B.diversityofplantsandanimals
C.difficultnavigationduetothestrongcurrents
D.legendabouttheseamonsters
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“...the‘EnchantedIslands’becauseofthewayinwhichthestrongandswiftcurrentsmakenavigationdifficult.”可知,加拉巴哥群岛被称为“魔法岛”或“魔幻之岛”是因为激流使航行很艰难,像被施了魔法一样。
3.CharlesDarwinismentionedinthe4thparagraphto.
A.tellreadersDarwinoncelivedonGalapagos
B.showtheimportanceofGalapagostoevolution
C.suggestthattheseislandshavealonghistory
D.showthereisavarietyofspeciesontheseislands
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
第四段中提到达尔文以及他的进化论是想说明这些岛上有着众多的野生动物。
4.TheGalapagosIslandsarefamousforthefollowingthingsEXCEPT.
A.thevolcanicgeology
B.thehighlydiversewildlife
C.thebirthplaceofevolution
D.thedifferentnames
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
通读全文可知:
加拉巴哥群岛因为奇形怪状的火山地形、丰富多彩的物种和达尔文的“进化论”故乡而闻名于世,并不包括不同的别称。
故选D。
Test3
GuidedbyaHoneyguide
在非洲大草原上,生活着一种奇怪的鸟——导蜜鸟,它善于发现树上的蜂巢,然后,叫来人们或动物来美食蜂蜜……
Mostbirdsareafraidofhumans,butthiskindofbirdisquitedifferent.Itistryingtotellyousomething.Itfliesjustinsight,leadingyoutofollow.
Thebirdseemstobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Itoftenguideshumansandotheranimalstobeehives.Thehumansthendrivethebeesandtakethehoney,allowingthebirdtogettotheleftovers.Thishabitofguidinggivesthisspecialbirditscommonnameofhoneyguide,orhoneybird.
Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewaxinthebees’honeycomb.Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsanest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcallthatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalssuchasratels,andhumanbeings.Thereisasenseofurgencyinthecall,almostasifthebirdissaying“Hurryup.Comequick.Followme.”
Ifyoufollowahoneyguidetoanest,thebirdwillwaitpatientlyinatreenearby,waitingforyoutopullapartthebeehiveandharvestingthehoney.Onceyouarefinished,itwillbethebird’sturn—notforthehoney,buttoeatthelarvaeandrichwaxthatispartofthebird’sdiet.
TribesmeninAfricaareverygratefultothehoneyguideforleadingthemtogoodsourcesofhoney,buttheyarealsoafraidofthelittlebird.Theybelievethatiftheydonotopenabees’nestandleavesomehoneycombforthehoneyguidethenexttimethebirdcriestothemthroughtheforestitwillleadthemtoalionorasnakeasrevenge.
Duetoongoinghabitatloss,thisamazinghoneybirdisevaluatedasNearThreatenedontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies.
http:
//
http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeyguide
Notes:
1.ratel[′reItəl]n.蜜獾
2.urgency[′зːdʒənsI]n.紧急;催促
3.larvae[′lɑːviː]n.幼虫
4.revenge[rI′vendʒ]n.报复;复仇
5.evaluate[I′væljʊeIt]vt.评价;估价
HaveaTry:
1.Whydoesthehoneybirdhavetofindapartner?
A.Becauseit’safraidofthebees.
B.Becausebees’nestsarehighupinthetrees.
C.Becauseitcannotreachthewax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.
D.Becauseitlovestosharewithothers.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.”可知,选项C正确。
2.Thehoneyguidewaitspatientlynearbyinorderto.
A.eatsomewaxB.getsomehoney
C.findanotherpersonD.findanothernest
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三、四段,我们知道,导蜜鸟不喜欢吃蜂蜜,而喜欢吃蜂蜡。
当人把蜂蜜收走之后,它就开始吃剩下的幼虫或蜂蜡。
3.Thehoneybirdhastheabilityto.
A.climbtothenest
B.takehoneyfromthe
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