空中英语教室.docx
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空中英语教室.docx
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空中英语教室
MackinacIslandAplacewherehorsepowertakesonanewmeaning
July1Imagineavacationwhereyoucansitquietlyonabigporchandlookoutoverbluewater.Imaginenoloudenginesorcarhornsinterruptingthatquiet.Instead,theclip-clopofhorses'hoovesfillsyourears.You'llfindthatonMackinacIsland,Mich.LocatedinLakeHuronoffthecoastofnorthernMichigan,the3.8-squaremileislandisaccessibleonlybyboatorplane.ItslocationmadeitattractivefirsttoNativeAmericansandthentoEuropeans.Missionariesandfurtradersarrivedinthe17thcentury.Intime,BritishandthenAmericansoldierswerealsopostedhere.Inthe19thcentury,commercialfishermenusedtheislandasabase.AftertheAmericanCivilWar(1861-1865),peoplewantedtoescapethecities,andthrongsoftouristsfoundbeautyandrelaxationonMackinac.TheislandbecameAmerica'ssecondnationalparkin1875.Butin1895,thenationtransferredittoMichigan,andMackinacbecameMichigan'sfirststatepark.In1898,whentheautomobileagethreatenedtocometotheisland,thecitycouncilbannedthe"horselesscarriage."Thatpolicyallowstheislandtokeepits19th-centuryatmosphere.
July2
Horses,horses,horsesMorethan500horsesprovidetransportationontheisland.TheyarrivebyferryeveryAprilandreturntotheMichiganmainlandeveryNovemberforthewinter.Theisland'simpressivedrafthorsesweigh2,000poundseachandcanpull(orholdback)threetimestheirbodyweight.Thatabilityisnecessarytotravelthesteeproadsontheisland.Eachhorseworksjustfourandahalfhoursadayhaulinggoodsorpeople.
GrandHotelManyhotelsofferlodgingontheisland,buttheluxuryaddressistheGrandHotel,whichopenedin1887.Itwasbuiltinjust93daysby600menwhohadagreatincentive.Legendhasitthattheownersofferedthemamilliondollarbonusiftheyfinishedin90daysorless.Notwoofthehotel's385guestroomsarealike,andits660-foot-longporchistheworld'slongest.Everysummer,about130,000peoplestayatthehotelandeattheirmealsthere.Morethan100peopleonthekitchenstaffprepareandservearound4,000mealsperday.
July3ThosewhowantextraprivacycanstayintheMascoCottagelocatedattheeastendofthehotel.Thecottagecosts$3,150pernight,andthatratecoversallmealsincludingafive-coursedinner.Guestscanalsohaveapersonalchefpreparemealsinthecottage.
WhattoseeanddoTheisland'shistoryandrichnaturalbeautyprovidemanysightseeingopportunities.MostpeoplevisitFortMackinacwithits14restoredoriginalbuildings.Visitorscanseeinformativedisplaysandmeet"soldiers"and"Victorianladies."Inaddition,theycanwatchuniformed1880ssoldiersfireacannonovertheharbor.
LouisPasteurThisFrenchscientistchangedtheworld
July5Letmetellyouthesecretthathasledmetomygoal."Mystrengthliessolelyinmytenacity,"LouisPasteur(1822-1895)oncesaid.Indeed,Pasteurwasahard-workingscientist.Heharnessedthepowerofsciencetosolveproblemsthatafflictedtheindustriesandpeopleofhistime.Borninaworking-classfamily,Pasteurappliedhimselftomeetinghisfather'sexpectationsthathebeeducatedandeventuallyteach.PasteurquicklymovedthroughtheFrencheducationsystem,earninghisdoctoratein1847.Asaprofessor,hemovedfromschooltoschool,teachingphysicsandchemistry,andmethiswife,MarieLaurent.In1857hefinallysettledattheEcoleNormaleSuperieure,afamousteacher'scollegeinParis,whereheassumedthepositionofDirectorofScientificStudies.
PasteurizationAsDirectorofScientificStudies,Pasteurcontinuedtheresearchonfermentationthathehadstartedearlier.Hediscoveredthatfermentation,thebiologicalprocessthatcausesproductssuchasmilktoturnsour,iscarriedoutbyverytinyorganisms.Hisresearchledtotheprocessofpasteurization,whichusesheattokillharmfulgermsinavarietyoffoodproducts.
July6
ScientificandpersonalchallengesAsateacher,Pasteuremphasizedthatscienceshouldhavepracticalapplications.Hetookonindustry-relatedcasessuchasadiseaseaffectingthesilkindustry.Beginningin1865,Pasteurspentthreeyearsinvestigatingthebacteriathatweretheculpritsanddevelopingwaystopreventtheirspread.In1866Pasteurlosttwodaughterstotyphoidfever.Twoyearslaterhebecamepartiallyparalyzedasaresultofgriefandstress.Butdespitethesedifficulties,Pasteurpressedontoevengreateraccomplishments.
FightingdiseaseInthelate1870s,Pasteurbeganresearchintheemergingscientificfieldofimmunization.Hedevelopedvaccinesfordiseasesthataffectedsheepandchickens.Thenhetookonthedeadlydiseaserabies.ForfiveyearsPasteurworkedonisolatingandweakeningtherabiesvirus.OnJuly6,1885,a9-year-oldboysufferingfrom14bitesbyarabiddogwasbroughttohim.Pasteurtreatedtheboywiththevaccineshehaddevelopedandsavedtheboy'slife.FollowingPasteur'ssuccesswithrabies,thePasteurInstitutewasfoundedtosupportPasteur'sscientificwork.Pasteurhimselfheadedtheinstituteuntilhisdeathin1895.Today,thePasteurInstitutecontinuestosavelivesthroughscience
BuildingSelf-ConfidenceYoucanbecomeamoreconfidentperson
July7Howdoyouenteraroomfullofstrangers?
Doyouwalkrightinfullofconfidence?
Ordoyoutrytoslipinwithoutbeingnoticed?
Thewayyougointonewsituationsshowsyourlevelofself-confidence.Inlife,weadmirethosewhodotheirtasksconfidently.Wepreferpeoplewhoappeartoknowwhatthey'redoing.Butwheredoesthatconfidencebegin?
Theparents'roleDevelopingself-confidencestartsveryearly.It'stheparents'roletogetkidsontherighttracktowardbecomingconfidentpeople.Tohelpthatprocess,parentsshouldalwaysoffermorepraisethancriticism.Thatcanbedonebyfocusingonthechild'sstrengths.Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentotrynewthingsandtakerisks.Whenchildrenmakemistakes,theirparentsshouldstillletthemknowthattheyareloved.Childrenwhoseparentsdothesethingswilllikelydevelopintoconfidentadults.Butself-confidencestilldoesn'tcomeeasily.Sowhat'sthesolution?
July8Withmostthingsinlife,practicemakesperfect,andthatistrueofconfidenceskills.Themoreyoupracticethem,theeasiertheywillbecome.
BodylanguageAlwaysholdyourheadhighandlookpeopleintheeye.Answerquestionsclearlyandconfidently.Thewayyouwalkshowsothershowconfidentyouare.
StrengthsandtalentsFocusonthethingsthatyoudowell,andlookforopportunitiestousethoseabilities.
VisualencouragementKeepaniteminclearviewthatremindsyouofarecentsuccess.Itcouldbeagoodtestscoreoraprizefromacontest.Remindyourselfthatonesuccessoftenleadstothenext.
GoodpreparationPreparethoroughlyforeveryproject.You'llapproachthetaskmoreconfidentlyknowingthatyou'reready.
MistakesAllhumansfailattimes,andyouwilltoo.Butdon'tallowmistakestotroubleyou.Learningfrommistakeshelpsyoufacethesamesituationlaterwithoutfear.Evenwithpractice,youwillneverbeperfect.Butyoucanlearntoloveandacceptyourselfandliveyourlifewithconfidence.
LifeCoachingHelpingpeoplechangetheirlives
ThismonthStudioClassroomtalkstocertifiedlifecoachCindaColumb,M.A.Withover15yearsofcounselingexperience,Columboffersworkshopsandseminarsandhelpsgroupsandindividualsincreasetheirproductivityandachievetheirgoals.Shecurrentlyoperates"SuccessfullyEverAfter,"acounselingserviceinMinneapolis,Minn.,USA.
July9SC:
Whatisalifecoach?
CC:
Alifecoachisatrainedspecialistwhoworkswithpeoplethatwanttoimprovetheirlivesinspecificways.
SC:
Howarelifecoachesdifferentfromtherapists?
CC:
Alifecoachfocusesonthepresentandmovesforwardbyhelpingclientsidentifytheirgoals,aspirationsanddreams.Theideabehindcoachingisthatthereisnothingwrongwiththeclientbutthattheclientdesiresanevenbetterlife.Coachinghasabroadfocusandlooksatone'sentirelife:
health,relationships,career,spiritualityandhowtheyallfittogether.Intherapytheassumptionisthatthereissomethingwrongthatpreventsapersonfromfunctioningnormally.Therapyfocusesonhealingandcorrectingpastproblematicbehavior.Intherapy,youlookbacktodeterminewhatbroughtyoutoaplaceofdisorderinyourlife.
SC:
Whydopeoplegotolifecoaches?
CC:
Therearemanyreasonspeoplegotolifecoaches.Manyclientswanttochangetheiroccupation,findhealthyrelationships,dealwithstressordeepentheirself-understanding.
July10SC:
Whatkindsofpeoplecanbenefitfromcoaching?
CC:
Anyonewhowantstotrynewpatternsandformnewhabitsintheirlifecanbenefitfromcoaching.Peoplewhoareopentonewpossibilitiesandpreparedtodowhatisnecessarytoreachtheirgoalsbenefitmost.
SC:
Whathappensinatypicallifecoachingsession?
CC:
Idoanumberofcoaching"exercises"togetanaccurateideaofaclient'sstrengthsandvalues.Questionsarealsoacriticalpartofcoaching.Asimplequestioncanhavealongtermeffectonaperson'slifestyle.Ineverycoachingsession,IlistenintentlyandrepeataloudtheexactwordsIheardfromtheclient.Peopleoftenrespondwithenthusiasmandpraisemeforthewisdomofmywords.ItellthemIamsimplysayingtheirownwordsbacktothem.
SC:
Whatresultscanpeopleexpectfromlifecoaching?
CC:
Peoplewhoachievetheirgoalsexperiencemorepeaceofmind,satisfactionandsuccessinlife.Ideally,coachinghelpspeopleshifttoahigherlevelofperformanceandachievedesiredresultsmoreconsistently.Ioftencompa
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