1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionI:
StructureandVocabulary
Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
EXAMPLE:
Iwascaughttherainyesterday.[A]in
[B]by[C]with[D]at
ANSWER:
[A]
1.Ididn’tbuytheapples;shegavethemtomenothing.[A]with
[B]as
[C]for
[D]by
2.It’smypowertomakefinaldecisiononthematter.[A]off
[B]outside[C]above[D]beyond
3.IshouldsayHenryisnot
muchawriterasareporter.
[A]that[B]so[C]this[D]as
4.Iwon’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth.[A]allthatmuch
[B]thatmuchall
[C]thatallmuch[D]muchallthat
5.Hedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke.[A]incommon
[B]ingeneral[C]inparticular[D]inshort
6.It’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenewone,,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonit.
[A]somehow[B]though[C]therefore[D]otherwise
7.Whenyouareaboutthroughthestory,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.[A]half
[B]midway[C]halfway[D]one-half
8.Thoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardtohisfavoritetoys.[A]partoff
[B]partwith[C]partaway[D]partfrom
9.Strenuouseffortshavebeenmadetogovernmentexpensestoadesirablelevel.[A]cutdown
[B]cutshort[C]cutout[D]cutoff
10.Whenataparty,besurenottofromthepersonwhotriestoengageyouinconversation.
[A]turndown[B]turnaway[C]turnoff[D]turnback
11.Thesurvivalofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.[A]rate
[B]degree[C]ratio[D]scale
12.Hewasadmittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.[A]denied
[B]rejected[C]repelled[D]deprived
13.WhenIaskyouaquestion,Iexpecta
answer.
[A]punctual[B]fast
[C]rapid[D]prompt
14.Ifamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswife,ishestillforherdebts?
[A]answerable
[B]chargeable[C]recoverable[D]payable
15.Atthemeeting,Rolandarguedinfavoroftheproposal.[A]severely
[B]heavily[C]forcefully[D]warmly
Eachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
Text1
Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.
Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.
Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?
Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.
It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.
Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”Or,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.
Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:
“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!
”Youdon’tjustsittheretakinginideas--youdosomethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.
Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,
youhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownpersonalreactions.
Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.
16.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,.[A]itisnosurprise
[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance
17.Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant.[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading
[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose[C]torememberwhatyouread
[D]tochooseaninterestingbook
18.Readingactivityinvolves.[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses
[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions
[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences
19.Agoodreaderisonewho.
[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading
[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading
[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknownText2
Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.
whatoneisdoingatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.
Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.
Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).
Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.
20.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat.
[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdone[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound
[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities
[D]itcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatter
21.Oneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat.[A]itreducesone’ssensitivity
[B]itrendersthevictimhelpless
[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites
22.Thepurposeofthispassageis.
[A]todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior[B]towarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollution
[D]totellthedifferencebetweennoiseandsoundText3
Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildrenbeforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.
Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecooking,cleaning,mendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakethedrudgeryoutoflaundry,thelatestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargequantityofclothesinafewminutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodfor
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