9 石油钻井职业健康.docx
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9 石油钻井职业健康.docx
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9石油钻井职业健康
9OccupationalHealth
9.1Vaccination,MedicalExaminationandFirstAid
Requirementsforallfacilitiesshallbeestablishedregardingmedicalexamination,firstaidandvaccinations.Theserequirementsshouldbebasedonthelocalconditionsandthepotentialhealthriskinthespecificarea.
Itistheemployees’responsibilitytotakemedicalexaminationandnecessaryvaccinationsbeforeleavingChina.
9.1.1.RequiredVaccination
Thesuggestionoftheidentifiedhealthriskandvaccinationindifferentcountriesandareasarelistedinthefollowingtable.ThevaccinationshouldbeconductedaspertherequirementfromEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineBureauofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandtargetcountries.
9职业健康
9.1疫苗接种、医疗检查和急救
有关医疗检查、急救和疫苗接种的所有设施都要制定相关的要求。
这些要求应根据不同地区的当地条件和可能存在的健康危险来制定。
离开中国之前,雇员有责任接受医疗检查和必要的疫苗接种。
9.1.1疫苗接种
下表给出了不同国家和地区的健康风险以及疫苗接种建议。
请根据中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫局和所到国的要求进行疫苗接种。
LocationwithInfectiousDiseases
传染病与发病地区
Algeria
阿尔及利亚
Rabies,HepatitisA,Schistosomiasis,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Malaria,DengueFever,Diphtheria,Filariasis,Leishmaniasis,Plague,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、甲型肝炎、血吸虫病、旅行者腹泻、疟疾、登革热、白喉、丝虫病、利什曼病、鼠疫、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Canada
加拿大
Rabies,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Ecuador
厄瓜多尔
Rabies,Cholera,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Malaria,YellowFever,DengueFever,ChagasDisease,Diphtheria,Leishmaniasis,Onchocerciasis,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、霍乱、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、疟疾、黄热病、登革热、恰克斯病、白喉、丝虫病、利什曼病、盘尾丝虫病、脊髓灰质炎、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Indonesia
印度尼西亚
Rabies,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Schistosomiasis,Typhoid,Malaria,DengueFever,JapaneseEncephalitis,Filariasis,Diphtheria,Polio,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、血吸虫病、伤寒、疟疾、登革热、日本脑炎、白喉、丝虫病、脊髓灰质炎、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Iran
伊朗
Rabies,Cholera,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Malaria,DengueFever,Diphtheria,Leishmaniasis,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、霍乱、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、疟疾、登革热、白喉、利什曼病、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Kazakhstan
哈萨克斯坦
Rabies,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Diphtheria,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、白喉、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Mexico
墨西哥
Rabies,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Malaria,DengueFever,ChagasDisease,Filariasis,Leishmaniasis,Onchocerciasis,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、疟疾、登革热、、恰克斯病、丝虫病、利什曼病、盘尾丝虫病、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Myanmar
缅甸
Rabies,Cholera,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Malaria,DengueFever,JapaneseEncephalitis,Diphtheria,Filariasis,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、霍乱、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、疟疾、登革热、日本脑炎、白喉、丝虫病、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Nigeria
尼日利亚
Rabies,MeningococcalMeningitis,Cholera,HepatitisA,Schistosomiasis,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Malaria,YellowFever,DengueFever,Leptospirosis,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、脑膜炎球菌性脑膜炎、霍乱、甲型肝炎、血吸虫病、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、疟疾、黄热病、登革热、钩端螺旋体病、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Oman
阿曼
Rabies,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Malaria,DengueFever,Leishmaniasis,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、疟疾、登革热、利什曼病、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Russia
俄罗斯
Rabies,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,JapaneseEncephalitis,Tick-borneEncephalitis,Anthrax,LymeDisease,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、日本脑炎、蜱传脑炎、炭疽、莱姆病、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Sudan
苏丹
Rabies,MeningococcalMeningitis,HepatitisA,Schistosomiasis,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Malaria,YellowFever,DengueFever,AfricanSleepingSickness,Diphtheria,Filariasis,Leishmaniasis,Onchocerciasis,Polio,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、脑膜炎球菌性脑膜炎、甲型肝炎、血吸虫病、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、疟疾、黄热病、登革热、非洲昏睡症、白喉、丝虫病、利什曼病、盘尾丝虫病、脊髓灰质炎、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
Venezuela
委内瑞拉
Rabies,Cholera,HepatitisA,Traveler’sDiarrhea,Typhoid,Malaria,YellowFever,DengueFever,STD’s&HIV.
狂犬病、霍乱、甲型肝炎、旅行者腹泻、伤寒、疟疾、黄热病、登革热、性传播疾病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染
9.1.2MedicalExamination
Personnelre-assignedtoanothercountryformorethanonemonthshallreceiveamedicalexaminationbeforegongingabroad.
Allnewemployeesortransferredpersonnelshallreceiveapre-workmedicalexaminationbyqualifieddoctorstoensurethattheindividualsarefitforwork.
Themedicalexaminationforallemployeesshallberegularlyperformedbyoneoftherecognizedmedicalcenters.Themedicalexaminationshallbeperformedonceeveryyearandfollowedupwithappropriatemedicalquestionnaire.Ahealthcertificatewhichshowsthehealthinformationoftheemployeeshallbeissuedtotheemployeebyarecognizeddoctor.
Priortoresumingworkafteraninjuryorillness,theemployeeshallbeconfirmedfitforworkbyacompetentphysician.
Intervalsbetweenmedicalexaminationsshallbeshorterforcookandfoodhandlingpersonnel.Normally,healthexaminationforthesepersonnelshouldbegivenonceevery6months.
Theresultsoftheexaminationsshallbekeptstrictlyconfidential,andshallbemadeaccessibletotheemployeeuponrequest.
Thefollowingspecialmedicalexaminationsshallbeperformedwhennecessary:
-Amedicalexaminationshallbegiventopersonnelinvolvedinanaccident.
-Ashorterintervalbetweenmedicalexaminationsmaybeconsideredforpersonnelwhoworkwithhighriskactivities.
-Ifnecessary,amoredetailedexaminationshallbegivenforpersonnelworkinginspecialhighriskareas.
9.1.3MedicalRecord
Apersonalmedicalrecordshallbeestablishedforeachemployee.Therecordshallcontaintheinformationwhichmightberequiredincaseofemergency,andtheexplanationofanypreviousillnessormedicaltreatmentofthepersonnel.
Thepersonalmedicalrecordshallincludethefollowing:
-Nameandaddress.
-Bloodtype.
-Anyknownallergytodrugortreatment.
-Anyknownphysicalpreexistingcondition.
-Anyknownmedicationtakenorgiven.
-Contactpersonincaseofemergency.
Incaseofmedicalevacuation,themedicshallcompleteapersonalmedicalrecordformwhichshallaccompanytheevacuatedperson.
9.1.4FirstAid
Necessaryfirstaidequipmentshouldbealwaysavailableatrigsite.Afirstaidkitshallasaminimumalwaysbemadeavailableandreadilyaccessible.ItistheresponsibilityoftheHSEsupervisortoensurethateachfirstaidkitremainsfullystockedandthedateforuseofmedicalsuppliesisnotexpired.Thecontentsofthefirstaidkitshallbecheckedregularlyandreplenishedwhennecessary.
Necessarymedicinesorfirstaidequipmentshallbepreparedbasedonlocalconditions,suchasclimateandtopography,availablelocalmedicalsupport(doctorsandhospitalsatanacceptabledistancefromthesite),transportationpossibilitiesandroadconditionsfromthesitetonearestmedicalfacility.
Afirstaidkitshallnormallyincludethefollowing:
-Soothinglotionforburns,scalds,sunburn.
-Alcoholfordisinfection.
-Fabricplasters.
-Bandages.
-Adhesivetape.
-Absorbentcottonwool.
-Medicationsforfractures,dislocations,sprainsandstrains(fortemporaryreliefofmuscleachesandpainsassociatedwithstrains,bruisesandsprainsandswelledinjuries).
-Basicmedicationssuchaspainkillers,andmedicinesforstomachache,headache,fever,etc.
-Tinctureofiodine.
-Shortsplint.
-Medicineforsnakebitewherenecessary.
-Simplesurgerytools.
Everyoccupationalinjuryorillnessshallbeimmediatelyreportedtothedrillingsupervisor.Thesupervisorshallarrangefornecessarymedicalorfirstaidtreatment.SeeAppendix7GuidelineofEmergencyResponsePlans.
9.1.5MedicalPersonnel
Themedicalpersonnelpresentatrigsiteshouldbetheappointedqualifiednursesordoctors.Theyshouldhavetheknowledgeofthegeneralhealthissuesandrelevantstandardsrelatedtooperationsinoverseascountries,suchas:
-Localorganizationorjointoperationoffice.
-WorldHealthOrganization(WHO).
-CenterofDiseaseControl(CDC).
-Localhealthcare.
Nursesordoctorsshouldberesponsibleformanagingallthefirstaidandmedicalequipmentandmedicationonsite,aswellaspropagandizingtheprecautionaboutinfectiousdisease.
AllinjuriesshallbereportedtotheHSEsupervisorandtreatedbythemedicasrequired.
9.1.6MedicalAid
Appropriateproceduresonhowtoensuregoodmedicalaidtoemployeesshallbeestablishedatallrigsites.Therequirementsregardingmedicaltreatmentshouldvarybasedonthegeographicalandculturalconditions.
Themedicalpersonnel(doctors,nursesormedics)areresponsibleforprovidingthemedicaltreatmentforemployees.Whenestablishingrelevantrequirementsregardingmedicalaid,localsocialandculturalinfluencesshouldbetakenintofullconsideration.
Relevantguidingproceduresshouldbeestablished,whichshoulddealwithbothinjuriesandillnessinroutinework.Anyinjuryorillnessshouldbereportedandrecordedaccordingtotheproceduresforaccidentandincidentreporting,referto3.5HandlingofIncidentandAccident.
Alloftheroutinemedicaltreatmentaswellasfirstaidtreatmentshouldbeperformedonsiteorataplacewithanacceptabledistancefromthesite.Atleastthefollowingmedicalconditionsshouldbeincluded:
-Acuteillness/injury.
-Illnessandfever.
-Bleeding.
-Bonefracturewhichneedssetting.
-Burnofacid,alkaliandchemicals.
-Heatstroke.
-Minoreyeinfections.
-Foodpoisoning.
Insomeareaswiththeriskoftropicaldiseasesorinfections,routineproceduresshouldbeestablishedforthetreatmentofthesediseases.Theworksiteatleastshouldbeprovidedwithsufficientantidoteforthetypicallocalinsect,scorpionbitesandlocaltropicaldiseases.
Incoldregions,theprogramformedicalaidshouldincludetreatmentforfrostbiteorotherhealthproblemsassociatedwithcoldtemperature.
Personnelwithseriouschronicsicknessshouldnotbeallowedtoworkatarigsiteunlesssufficienttreatmentisavailableatanacceptabledistancefromtheworksite.Thechronicdiseasesinclude:
-INFECTIOUSDISEASES:
Activeinfectiousdiseasesuntiladequatelytreated.
-DISEASESOFDIGESTIVESYSTEM:
Severedigestived
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