四级仔细阅读题精选练习20套3.docx
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四级仔细阅读题精选练习20套3.docx
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四级仔细阅读题精选练习20套3
2020年四级仔细阅读题精选练习20套(3)
PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),
B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
PassageOne
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Longafterthe1998WorldCupwaswon,disappointedfans
werestillcursingthedisputedrefereeing(裁判)decisions
thatdeniedvictorytotheirteam.Aresearcherwasappointedtostudytheperformanceofsometopreferees.
锦标
Theresearcherorganizedanexperimentaltournament(赛)involvingfouryouthteams.Eachmatchlastedanhour,dividedintothreeperiodsof20minutesduringwhichdifferentrefereeswereincharge.
Observersnoteddownthereferees'errors,ofwhichtherewere61overthetournament.Convertedtoastandardmatchof90minutes,eachrefereemadealmost23mistakes,aremarkablyhighnumber.
Theresearcherthenstudiedthevideotapestoanalysethematchesindetail.Surprisingly,hefoundthaterrorsweremorelikelywhentherefereeswereclosetotheincident.Whentheofficialsgotitright,theywere,onaverage,17
的)
metersawayfromtheaction.Theaveragedistanceinthecaseoferrorswas12meters.Theresearchshowstheoptimum(distanceisabout20meters.
Therealsoseemedtobeanoptimumspeed.Correctdecisionscamewhentherefereesweremovingataspeedofabout2meterspersecond.Theaveragespeedforerrorswas4meterspersecond.
IfFIFA,football'sinternationalrulingbody,wantsto
improvethestandardofrefereeingatthenextWorldCup,itshouldencouragerefereestokeeptheireyesontheactionfromadistance,ratherthanrushingtokeepupwiththeball,theresearcherargues.
HealsosaysthatFIFA'sinsistencethatrefereesshouldretireatage45maybemisguided.Ifkeepingupwiththeactionisnotsoimportant,theirphysicalconditionislesscritical.
21.Theexperimentconductedbytheresearcherwasmeantto.
A)reviewthedecisionsofrefereesatthe1998WorldCup
B)analysethecausesoferrorsmadebyfootballreferees
C)setastandardforfootballrefereeing
D)reexaminetherulesforfootballrefereeing
22.Thenumberofrefereeingerrorsintheexperimentalmatcheswas.
A)slightlyaboveaverage
B)higherthaninthe1998WorldCup
C)quiteunexpected
D)ashighasinastandardmatch
23.Thefindingsoftheexperimentshowthat
A)errorsaremorelikelywhenarefereekeepsclosetotheball
B)thefarthertherefereeisfromtheincident,thefewertheerrors
C)themoreslowlytherefereeruns,themorelikelywillerrorsoccur
D)errorsarelesslikelywhenarefereestaysinonespot
24.Theword“officials”(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablyrefersto.
A)theresearchersinvolvedintheexperiment
B)theinspectorsofthefootballtournament
C)therefereesofthefootballtournament
D)theobserversatthesiteoftheexperiment
25.Whatisoneofthepossibleconclusionsoftheexperiment?
A)Theidealretirementageforanexperiencedfootballrefereeis45.
B)Ageshouldnotbethechiefconsiderationinchoosingafootballreferee.
C)Afootballrefereeshouldbeasyoungandenergeticaspossible.
D)Anexperiencedfootballrefereecandowellevenwheninpoorphysicalcondition.
PassageTwo
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates—atleast
ingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimatedthatmorethan
2millionpeoplehavelefttherollssince1994.
Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthensCountryhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthepeoplewholeftinthepasttowyearstookjobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour.Theresult:
TheAthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmorethan30percent—twicethenationalaverage.
san
Foradvocates(代言人)forthepoor,thatindicationmuchmoreneedstobedone.
“Morepeoplearegettingjobs,butit'snotmaking
theirlivesanybetter,”saysKathyLairn,apolicyanalystattheCenteronBudgetandPolicyPrioritiesinWashington.
AcenteranalysisofUSCensusdatanationwidefoundthatbetween1995and1996,agreaterpercentageofsingle,female-headedhouseholdswereearningmoneyontheirown,butthataverageincomeforthesehouseholdsactuallywentdown.
Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory.
“Welfarewasapoison.Itwasatoxin(毒素)thatwas
poisoningthefamily,”saysRobertRector,awelfare-reform
policyanalyst.“Thereforminchangingthemoralclimatein
low-incomecommunities.It'sbeginningtorebuildtheworkethic(道德观),whichismuchmoreimportant.”
Mr.Rectorandothersarguedthatonce“thehabitof
dependencyiscracked,”thenthecountrycanmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards.
26.Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthor
A)believesthereformhasreducedthegovernmentburden
B)insiststhatwelfarereformisdoinglittlegoodforthepoor
C)isoverenthusiasticaboutthesuccessofwelfarereform
D)considerswelfarereformtobefundamentallysuccessful
27.Whyaren'tpeopleenjoyingbetterliveswhentheyhavejobs?
A)Becausemanyfamiliesaredivorced.
B)Becausegovernmentaidisnowrare.
C)Becausetheirwagesarelow.
D)Becausethecostoflivingisrising.
28.WhatisworthnotingfromtheexampleofAthensCountyisthat.
A)greatereffortsshouldbemadetoimprovepeoplelivingstandards
B)70percentofthepeopletherehavebeenemployedfortwoyears
C)50percentofthepopulationnolongerreliesonwelfare
D)thelivingstandardsofmostpeoplearegoingdown
29.Fromthepassageweknowthatwelfarereformaimsat
A)savingwelfarefunds
B)rebuildingtheworkethic
C)providingmorejobs
D)cuttinggovernmentexpenses
30.Accordingtothepassagebeforethewelfarereformwascarriedout,.
A)thepovertyratewaslover
B)averagelivingstandardswerehigher
C)theaverageworkerwaspaidhigherwages
D)thepoorusedtorelyongovernmentaid
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Americansarepoundoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?
Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebecome
conditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)than
tostepoutofuniform?
Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretaxdeductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.
Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.
Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.
31.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality.
A)stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes
B)holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard
C)enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity
D)willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform
32.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform
A)suggestsqualitywork
B)discardshissocialidentity
C)appearstobemorepractical
D)lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes
33.Thechieffunctionofauniformisto
A)providepracticalbenefitstothewearer
B)makethewearercatchthepubiceye
C)inspirethewearer'sconfidenceinhimself
D)providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity
34.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms
A)areusuallyhelpful
B)havelittleornoindividualfreedom
C)tendtolosetheirindividuality
D)enjoygreaterpopularity
35.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe
A)UniformsandSociety
B)TheImportanceofWearingaUniform
C)PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniform
D)AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniforms
PassageFour
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyhassles(困难).Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeof
illnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthat
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