OE Midterm Fall.docx
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OE Midterm Fall.docx
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OEMidtermFall
Mid-termPaper(Fall,2013)
WangJin201318200
1.(a)
AColloquyontheOccupationsgivesusavividpictureoflifeatthattimeandportraysaninterestingsocialpicture.Lifewasveryharshfortheploughmen,theshepherds,theoxherds,thehuntersandallotherlaborers.Alsonoteworthyisthedescriptionoftheforeigntradebythemerchantsandtheluxurygoodsbroughtbackfromabroad,whichindicatesthesharpcontrastbetweentherichandpoorclasses.SpecialconcernsaregiventothefeudalismandChristianity:
Feudalism:
Inthefeudalsociety,workersonthelandlaboredseverelyandwerenotfree.Theirliveswereboundtotheirlordsandthekingandtheydidsomuchworkinreturnforasmallcottageandaplotofland.
ThePloughman
Hwætsegstþū,ierþling?
Hūbegǣstþūþīnnecræft?
Lālēof,þearleicswince!
...nedearricformineshlāfordesege….hitismicelgedeorf,forþǣmþeicneomfrēo.
TheShepherd
Hwætsegstþū,scēaphierde?
Hæfstþūǣniggedeorf?
Gieselēof,ichæbbemicelgedeorf!
...Andiceommīnumhlāfordegetrīewe.
TheHunter
Hwæshuntaeartþū?
Iceomþæscyningeshunta.
Hwætdēstþūymbþīnnehuntoþ?
Icselleþǣmcyningeswāhwætswāicgefō,forþǣmiceomhishunta.
Christianity:
Magister:
Hwelcþissacræftaisþēfirmestgeþūht?
Whatkindofcraftamongtheseseemstobesuperior?
Consilarius:
Icþēsecge,Godesþēowdōmismēfirmestgeþūhtbetweoxþissumcræftum,swāswāCrīstonhisgodspellecwæþ‘FyrmestsēcaþGodesrice,andþāsþingeallēowbēoþtōgeīeced’
Tome,theserviceofGodseemstoholdthefirstplaceamongthesecrafts,justasthegospelsays:
seekfirstthekingdomandhisrighteousness,andallthesethingsshallbeaddeduntoyou.’
Magister:
Wǣreþūtōdægonhuntoþe?
Areyouonahunttoday?
Venator:
Nese,forþǣmhitissunnandæg,acgiestrandægicwæsonhuntoþe.
No,becauseitisSunday,butyesterdayIwasonahunt.
Theydidn’tworkonSunday,whichisthelord’sday.
Magister:
Hwætdēstþūgifhitunclǣnefiscasbēoþ?
Whatdoyoudoifthefishisunclean?
Consilarius:
Icweorpeþāunclǣneūt,andnimeþāclǣnanmētōmete.
Icasttheuncleanout,andtakethecleanformyfood
Theydidn’teatuncleanfishesaccordingtotheOldTestament.
1.(b)
Forþǣmmēislēofreþæticfiscgefōþeicofslēanmægþonneicfiscgefōþeneallesþætānmēselfneacēacswelcemīnegefēranmidānumslegebesencanmægoþþeofslēan.
Phonetically:
fɔrθæ:
mmeɪsle:
ǝvræθætɪčfɪšyɛfoθɛɪčɔfslæǝ:
nmæyθɔnnɛɪčfɪšyɛfo:
θɛnæǝllɛsθætɑ:
nmesɛlvnɛɑkæ:
ǝkswɛlčɛminɛyɛferɑnmɪdɑ:
nʊmslɛyɛbɛsɛnčɑnmæyɔθθeɔfslæ:
ǝn
Literally:
BecausetomeitismoreagreeablethatIfishcatchwhichIkillcanthanIfishcatchwhichnotonlymemyselfbutalsolikewisemycompanionswithablowsinkcanorkill.
Freely:
BecauseIprefertocatchfishwhichIcankillthancatchfishwhichcansinkorkillnotonlymyselfbutalsomycompanionswithasingleblow.
2.(a)
TheexcerptofBede'saccountoftheconversionofKingEdwinrecountshowChristianitywasbroughttothepaganAnglo-SaxonsofNorthumbriain625.Thefirstmissionary,BishopPaulinustravelledtothecourtofKingEdwinofNorthumbriainhopesofpersuadingtherulerandhiscounselorstorenouncetheirpaganbeliefsandacceptChristianity.HesucceededinconvertingEdwin,butthekingexplainshemustdiscussitwithhisadvisorsbeforehecommithissubjectstothenewfaith.Thedeliberationsofhisadvisorsgiveusaremarkableglimpseofthatpivotalmomentinhistory.EvidenceofOldEnglishisprovidedasfollows:
Icþesoðliceandette,þæticcuðlicegeleornadhæbbe,þæteallinganawihtmægenesnenyttneshafaðsioæfæstnes,þeweoððishæfdonandbeeodon.
Þyslicmeisgesewen,þisandweardelifmannaoneorðantowiðmetenesseþæretide,þeusuncuðis;cumeanspearwaandhrædliceþæthusþurhfleo,cumeþurhoþreduruinþurhoþreutgewite.Forðongifþeoslarowihtcuðlicreandgerisenlicrebrenge,þæsweorþeisþætweþærefylgen.
Nuþonneicopenliceondette,þætonþysselareþætsylfesoðscineð,þætusmægþagyfesyllanecreeadignesseandeceslifeshælo.Forþonicþonnenulære,cyning,þætþættemplandþawigbedo,þaðewebutonwæstmumænigrenytnissehalgodon,þætweþahraþeforleosenandfyreforbærnen.
Ondheðasonafromhimawearpþaidlandysignesse,þeheærbeeode,ondþonecyningbædþæthehimwæpensealdeandstodhors,þæthemeahteoncumananddeofolgyldtoweorpan.
Sonaþæsþehenealehtetoþæmherige,þasceathemidþyspere,þæthitsticodefæsteonþæmherige,ondwæsswiðegefeondeþæreongytenesseþæssoðanGodesbigonges.Ondheðahehthisgeferantoweorpanealneþoneherig&þagetimbroandforbærnan.
ÐaonfengEadwinecyningmideallumþæmæðelingumhisþeode&midmiclefolceCristesgeleafan&fulwihtebæðeþyendlyftangearehisrices.
Thereisapoignantsimileinthiscontext.Theanonymouscounselorcomparestheflightofasparrowthroughahallwiththelifeofmenonearth(þisandweardelīfmannaoneorðan).HoweverWordsworthmisconstruesthetermsofthecomparisoninhisEcclesiasticalSonnet.HethinksthecomparisoniswiththehumanSoul(WhileintheBodylodged,herwarmabode).
2.(b)
Þāsecyningþāþāswordgehȳrde,þāandswarodehēhimandcwæð,þæthēǣghwæþergewoldegesceoldeþāmgelēafanonfōnþehēlǣrde;cwæðhwæþere,þæthēwoldemidhisfrēondumandmidhiswytumgesprecandgeþeahthabban,þætgifhīmidhineþætgeþafianwoldan,þæthīealleætsomneonlīfeswillanCrīstegehālgadewǣran,þādydesecyningswāswāhēcwæð,andsebisceopþætgeþafade.
Phonetically:
θɑ:
sɛkʊ̈nɪŋgθɑ:
θɑ:
swɔrdyɛhü:
rdɛ,θɑ:
ɑndswɑrɔdɛhehɪmandkwæθ,θætheæ:
ɣhwæðɛryɛwɔldɛyɛšɛǝldɛθɑ:
myelæ:
ǝvɑnɔnvonθɛhelæ:
rdɛ;kwæθhwæðɛrɛ,θæthewɔldɛmɪdhɪsfre:
ǝndʊmɑndmɪdhɪswʊ̈tʊmyɛsprɛčɑndyɛθæǝxthɑbbɑn,θætyɪfhimɪdhɪnɛθætyɛθɑvɪɑnwɔldɑn,θæthiæǝllɛæstsɔmnɛɔnlivɛswɪllɑnkristɛyɛhɑ:
lɣɑdɛwæ:
rɑn.θɑdʊ̈dɛsɛkʊnɪŋgswɑ:
swɑ:
hekwæθ,ɑndsɛbɪšɔpθætyɛθɑvadɛ.
Literally:
Whenthekingthosewordsheard,thenansweredhehimandsaid,thathebothwouldandshouldthefaithacceptwhichhetaught;saidbut,thathewouldwithhisfriendsandwithhiscounselorsdiscussionandcounselhave,sothatiftheywithhimthatagreewould,thattheyalltogetheroflifewillinChristconsecratedbe.Thendidthekingashesaid,andthebishopthatagreed.
Freely:
Whenthekingheardthis,heansweredhimandsaidthatitwashiswillaswellashisdutytoaccepttheFaiththatPaulinustaught,butsaidthathemuststilldiscussthematterwithhisprincipaladvisersandfriends,sothat,iftheywereinagreementwithhim,theymightallbecleansedtogetherinChristtheFountofLife.Paulinusagreed,andthekingkepthispromise.
3.
ÆthelredtheUnready,adoptedthedisastrouspolicyofpayingtheinvadersDanegeldratherthanrallyinghistroopsfordefence,asKingAlfredhaddone.Theleadingmenoftherealm,moreover,wereoftenuntrustworthy.WhenAldermanElfricwassenttothearmy,itwasashamethathesculkedawayfromthearmyontheprecedingnightofthebattle.Disastersbefellthroughbadcounsels.Amityandtributeshouldbereplacedbycourageandfight.
AndonþāmgēaremangerǣddeþætmangealdǣrestgafolDeniscanmannum.
ÞagerǣddesecyngandeallehiswitanþætmangegaderodeþascipuþeāhteswǣrontōLundenbyrig.AndsecyngþābetǣhteþāfyrdetōlǣdeneEalfrīceealdormanandþorodeeorlandÆlfstānebisceopandÆscwīgebisceop,andsceoldancunniangifhīmuhtonþonehereāhwǣrütenebetræppen.
ÞāsendeseealdormanÆlfrīcandhētwarnianþonehere,andþāonþērenihteðehīonðonedæitōmycclumbismore.
Hēronþissumgēaresendesecyningandhiswitantōðāmhere,andgyrndonfriðes,andhimgafolandmetsungebehētonwiðþāmðehīhiorahergungegeswicon.
4.
Q:
ExplaintheusageofOEProgressive(BE+ing)withexamples.
Theprogressiveverbforms,consistingofaformofbeplusapresentparticiple(bedoing),occuroccasionallyinOldEnglish,butarerarebeforethefifteenthcenturyandremainrelativelyinfrequentuntiltheseventeenth.Theprogressivepassive(bebeingdone)doesnotoccuruntilthelaterpartofeighteenthcentury.However,theprogressiveinOldEnglishisdifferentfromthatinModernEnglishinthatitisnottheexactequivalentofthemodernusage.Itcanbetranslatedaspreterit(did)orpastprogressive(was/weredoing,proceededtodo,did),asshowninthefollowingexamplesrespectively:
progressiveistranslatedaspreterit:
(1)Þāwæssecyningopenliceandettendeþambioscope
thenthekingopenlyconfessedtothebishop
progressiveistranslatedaspastprogressive,implyingancontinuousaction:
(2)ondwæsswīðegefēondeþǣreongytenesseþæssōðanGodesbīgones
andwasveryrejoicingintheknowledgeofthetrueworshipofGod
progressiveistranslatedasbothpreteritandpastprogressive:
(3)andhīðāonðāburhfestlīcefeohtendewǣron
andthentheyproceededtofightinthecastle
(4)þæthēwoldePaulīnusþonebisceopgeornlīcorgehyranbeþāmGodesprecendeþāmþehēbodade.
thathewishedtohearPaulinusthebishopmoreeagerlywhatheproceededtospeakabouttheGod
(5)syndriglīcewæsframhimeallumfrignendehwylchimþūhte
continuetoaskeachofthemindividuallywhatitseemedtothem
5.
Q.ExplaintheusageofOEreflexivepronounswithexamples.
InOEnospeciallymarkedreflectivepronounsexist,andthepersonalpronounsserveasreflexivepronouns.
(1)andsīwodonhimfīclēafandworhtonhimwǣdbrēc
andsewedfigleavestogetherforthemselvesandmadeapronsforthemselves
him:
personalpronservesasreflexivepron,dat,3pl
(2)þābehyddeAdamhine
thenAdamhidhimself
hine:
person
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