新理念英语学习综合教程第三册Unit1阅读综合.docx
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新理念英语学习综合教程第三册Unit1阅读综合.docx
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新理念英语学习综合教程第三册Unit1阅读综合
卷A
Geneticallymodifiedfoods(orGMfoods)arefoodsderivedfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms.GeneticallymodifiedorganismshavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.GMfoodswerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s.Typically,geneticallymodifiedfoodsaretransgenicplantproducts:
soybean,corn,canola,andcottonseedoil.Animalproductshavealsobeendeveloped,althoughasofJuly2010nonearecurrentlyonthemarket.CriticshaveobjectedtoGMfoodsonseveralgrounds,includingsafetyissues,ecologicalconcerns,andeconomicconcerns.However,genetically-modifiedfoodsareheretostay.That’snottosaythatfoodproducedbyconventionalagriculturewilldisappear,butsimplythatfood-buyingpatternswillpolarize(两极分化):
therewillbearightmarketforconventionalfoodjustasthereisfororganicfood.ItmayevenbethatGMfoodwillbecomethefoodofpreferencebecauseconsumerscometoappreciatethehealthbenefitsofreducedpesticideuse.ThereasonGMfoodwillnotgoawayisthatweneedathree-foldincreaseinfoodproductionbytheyear2050tokeeppacewiththeworld’spredictedpopulationgrowthtotenorelevenbillion.It’snotjustaquestionofmoremouthstofeedeither.Whatisoftenforgottenisthatalltheseextrapeoplewilltakeupspace,reducingtheoveralllandavailableforagriculture."Geneticmodificationisanalogoustonuclearpower:
nobodylovesit,butclimatechangehasmadeitsadoptionimperative,"sayseconomistPaulCollierofOxfordUniversity."Declininggeneticmodificationmakesacomplicatedissuemorecomplex.Geneticmodificationoffersbothfastercropadaptationandabiological,ratherthanchemical,approachtoyieldincreases."Theworldhas800millionhungrypeople.Untilnow,foodsupplieshavebeenincreasedbyimprovedvarieties,pesticidesandartificialfertilizers:
thegreenrevolution.Nowwe’reontheedgeofanewrevolution:
ageneticone.ItmaywellbethatinthelongtermitisthedevelopingworldthatbenefitsmostfromGMfoods.It’struethatforthenexttenyearsorsoGMcropsmaybetooexpensive.Butthelessonofpersonalcomputersisapplicablehere—oncethetechnologyhasbeendevelopedforprofitablecrops,itwillspreadandbecomeaffordableforall.Thisdoesn’tmean,unfortunately,thatfamineswilldisappear,butseverityanddurationwillbehelpedbyanimprovedabilitytoproduceanddistributefood.
31.TheintroductionofGMfoodwillaffect_____.
A)food-pricingstandard
B)food-buyingpatterns
C)food-suppliesscale
D)food-productionefficiency
正确答案:
B
32ConsumerspreferGMfoodtoconventionalfoodbecause_____.
A)GMfoodreceiveslesspesticideapplication
B)GMfoodismorenutritiousthanorganicfood
C)GMfoodischeaperthanconventionalfood
D)Conventionalfoodisfreefromchemicals
正确答案:
A
33.Iftheworldpopulationgrowstotenorelevenbillionbytheyear2050,_____.
A)ageneticrevolutionwilltakeoverthegreenrevolution
B)theoveralllandavailableforagriculturewillrunout
C)thenumberofhungrypeoplewillriseto800million
D)foodproductionshouldbeincreasedtothreetimesthatoftoday
正确答案:
D
34."Butthelessonofpersonalcomputersisapplicablehere"(inthelastparagraph)probablymeansthat______.A)oncethetechnologicalinnovationisinprogress,itscostwillbereduced
B)oncethetechnologyhasbeenturnedintoproductivity,itwillbecomepopular
C)oncethetechnologyhasbeendevelopedforprofitableproducts,itwillenterintoourdailylife
D)oncethetechnologyhasbeenimprovedtomeetthedemandsofthedevelopingworld,itwillbeaffordable
正确答案:
C
35.WecaninferfromthepassagethatGMfoodwill_____
A)betooexpensivetoafford
B)keeptheworldfromstarvation
C)bewell-acceptedbysomeconsumers
D)eventuallyreplaceconventionalfood
正确答案:
C
PassageTwo
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
TheradicaltransformationoftheSovietsocietyhadaprofoundimpactonwomen’slives.SovietwomenunderStalinwerealsothefirstgenerationofwomenabletogivebirthinthesafetyofahospital,withaccesstoprenatalcare(产检).Marxistshadtraditionallybelievedthatbothcapitalismandthemiddle-classhusbandsexploitedwomen.TheRussianRevolutionof1917immediatelyproclaimedcompleteequalityofrightsforwomen.Inthe1920sdivorceandabortionweremadeeasilyavailable,andwomenwereurgedtoworkoutsidethehomeandliberatethemselvessexually.AfterStalincametopower,sexualandfamilialliberationwasplayeddown,andthemostlastingchangesforwomeninvolvedworkandeducation.Thesechangesweretrulyrevolutionary.Youngwomenwereconstantlytoldthattheyhadtobeequaltomen,thattheycouldandshoulddoeverythingmencoulddo.PeasantwomeninRussiahadlongexperiencedtheequalityofbackbreakingphysicallaborinthecountryside,andtheycontinuedtoenjoythatequalityoncollectivefarms.Withtheadventofthefive-year-plans,millionsofwomenalsobegantotoilinfactoriesandinheavyconstruction,buildingdams,roadsandsteelmillsinsummerheatandwinterfrost.Mostoftheopportunitiesopentomenthrougheducationwerealsoopentowomen.Determinedwomenpursuedtheirstudiesandenteredtheranksofthebetter-paidspecialistsinindustryandscience.Medicinepracticallybecameawoman’sprofession.By1950,75percentofdoctorsintheSovietUnionwerewomen.ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.Thevastmajorityofwomensimplyhadtoworkoutsidethehome.Wagesweresolowthatitwasalmostimpossibleforafamilyorcoupletoliveonlyonthehusband’searnings.Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksinheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.Finally,rapidchangeandeconomichardshipledtomanybrokenfamilies,creatingfurtherphysical,emotional,andmentalstrainsforwomen.Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasmobilizedinStalinistsociety.
36.ThemainideaofthispassageisthatwomeninStalinistsociety________.
A)hadeconomicopportunitiesthathadneverbeenavailablebefore
B)haddifficultybalancingtheirworkandfamilyresponsibilities
C)hadnewopportunitiesbutalsomanyhardships
D)movedquicklyintothehighestlevelsofgovernment
正确答案:
C
37.Inthelastparagraph,"monopolize"probablymeans_____.
A)holdB)earnC)leaveD)pay
正确答案:
A
38.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto________.
A)comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment
B)tellstoriesaboutwomeninSovietUnion
C)amusethereader
D)provideinformation
正确答案:
D
39.Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas________.
A)disapprovingB)emotionalC)objectiveD)sympathetic
正确答案:
C
40.WecanconcludethattheeconomicandsocialstatusofwomeninStalinistsociety________.
A)hadbeenimproved
B)wasworsethanbefore
C)hadnotchangedmuch
D)wasbetterthanthatincapitalisticcountries
正确答案:
A
卷B
Afewyearsago,AnnandWalterTaylorthoughtitmightbetimetomoveoutoftheirNewYorkCityapartmenttothesuburbs.Butaftermonthsoflooking,theybecamediscouragedanddecidedtobuyanoldhouserightinthemiddleofBrooklyn,whichisapartofNewYorkCity.Totheirdelight,theydiscoveredthattheyweren’ttheonlyyoungcoupletohavemadesuchadecision.Brooklynisn’ttheonlycityintheUnitedStatestoexperiencethiskindofrenewal.Charleston,SouthCarolina,hassosuccessfullyrebuiltitsoldcentralareathatitnowranksasoneofAmerica’smostcharmingcities.TherestorationoftheoldportcityofSavannah,Georgia,isalsolivingproofthatdowntownareasdonotneedtodie.Butencouragingasthesedevelopmentsmaybe,theyareamongthefewbrightspotsinamassofdifficultiesthattoday’scitiesface.Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,elbowroom,andprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside.Sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhoodsinwhichtheyhadlived.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringtheday,theywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkinginoffices,andatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,"Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?
Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?
"Gradually,someofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandthesuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinesstothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesshasalsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinmajorEuropeancountries.Butitmaywellbethatthismovementtothesuburbshasreacheditspeak.Somepeoplemaybetiredofspendinglonghourscommuting,andtheymayhavebeguntomisstheadvantagesofcultureandcompanionshipprovidedbycitylife.Perhaps,thedecisionmadebytheTaylorsisasignthatpeoplewillreturntothecitiesandbegintorestorethem.Itbeginstolookasifsu
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